新裝居室室內空氣污染與健康效應的研究.pdf

1、目的:探討裝飾材料中主要有害物質甲醛及苯系物對室內空氣的污染及健康效應.方法:在太原市6個城區(qū)選擇建筑規(guī)模與房間布局相近的351戶616名留居者進行不良建筑物綜合征(Sick building syndrome)的問卷調查,并隨機抽取其中95戶裝修2年內和20戶裝修五年以上家庭的居室進行室內空氣中甲醛、苯、甲苯、乙苯、(對、間、鄰)二甲苯含量的測定.裝修組根據(jù)竣工時間不同,分為3個月內、3~6月、6~9月、9~12月、12~24月共5個

2、組.甲醛用乙酰丙酮分光光度法測定,苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯用氣相色譜-二硫化碳解吸法測定.結果:1.裝修組室內甲醛、苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯的平均含量分別為0.139mg/m<'3>、0.163mg/m<'3>、0.294mg/m<'3>、0.325mg/m<'3>、0.152mg/m<'3>,均顯著高于對照組;超標率(除乙苯標準未定外)在69.5％~80.0％之間,其中超標率最高的是甲醛.2.甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯濃度及超標倍數(shù)均隨竣工時

3、間延長逐漸下降,3個月內超標情況最為嚴重,平均濃度分別為0.297mg/m<'3>、0.391mg/m<'3>、0.535mg/m<'3>、0.594mg/m<'3>,平均超標倍數(shù)分別為2.71、2.56、1.68和1.97倍.3.有害物質濃度降到國家標準所需時間不同,甲醛和二甲苯需1年,苯、甲苯需9個月,而乙苯在裝修竣工半年內濃度下降較快,半年到2年內濃度下降趨于平緩,差別無統(tǒng)計學意義,到裝修2年時其濃度仍高于對照組.4.留居者存在不

4、同程度的SBS,剛入住時較調查當時嚴重,主要是:眼刺激、咽刺激、鼻刺激、嗅味異常、頭暈、皮膚瘙癢等.不良反應發(fā)生率隨竣工時間延長逐漸下降,其中眼刺激發(fā)生率最高,3個月內達32.2％,1年后降到9.1％.5.影響不良反應評分的主要因素依次為:人造板家具、通風時間、溫度、復合地板及竣工時間.6.有害物質濃度與不良反應評分呈正相關,與竣工時間呈負相關;不良反應評分與竣工時間呈負相關;各有害物質濃度間呈正相關.結論:裝修后室內空氣存在嚴重污染,

5、其對人體的健康危害不容忽視.建議采取多項綜合措施降低室內有害物質濃度并加強該方面的調查研究,依法加快對裝飾材料的監(jiān)督、監(jiān)測、立法和有關標準的制定.關鍵詞:室內裝修,空氣污染,健康效應,甲醛,苯系物ⅠStudy on Indoor Air Pollutionand Its Effects in Newly Decorated RoomsAbstractObjectivesTo explore the indoor air pollutio

6、n and its health effects of formaldehyde and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes isomers)in the decorative materials in newly decorated rooms. Methods An epidemiological investigation on the "sick building s

7、yndrome" was carried out among 616 residents in 351 apartments from 6 parts of Taiyuan city. At the same time, 95 sampling apartments newly decorated within 2 years and 20 apartments decorated over 5 years among 351 apar

8、tments were selected to determine the concentration of seven main organic volatile compounds (formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene, m-xylene,para-xylene). According to the completed time, ornament gr

9、oupwas divided into 5 groups(3 month group, 3-6month group, 6-9month, 9-12month group, 12-24month group).The concentration of formaldehyde determined with Acetylacetone spectrophotometric method and BTEX with GC method.

10、Results1.The mean concentrations of formaldehyde and BTEX in indoor air indecorated rooms were 0.139mg/m3, 0.163mg/m3, 0.294mg/m3, 0.325mg/m3' 0.152mg/m3,and they were significantly higher than those in control rooms. Th

11、eover standard rates of formaldehyde and BTEX concentration (exceptethylbenzene) in decorated rooms were 69.5％~80％, and the highest wasformaldehyde. 2. The levels of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene and xylenesisomers in i

12、ndoor air decrease apparently with the prolongation of the durationafter the end of the decoration, and the concentration was the highest in roomsthat were decorated in 3 months. The mean concentrations were 0.297mg/m3,

13、0.391mg/m3, 0.535mg/m3, 0.594mg/m3, and exceeded their related sanitarystandards more than 2.71times, 2.56times, 1.68times, 1.97times respectively. 3.The concentrations were decreased to the national hygienic standard af

14、ter a period which was respectively, formaldehyde and xylenes isomers 1 year, benzene and toluene 9 months. But the concentration of ethylbenzene was decreased fast within 6 months, the difference was not significant bet

15、ween 0.5 year and 2 years. The concentration was higher than the control groups within 2years after decoration. 4. There were different degree of sick building syndrome in residents, and the subjective sensations when mo

16、ving in were more serious than investigating. The main symptoms were eye stimulant, throat stimulant,nose stimulant, smell, dizzy and skin itch etc. And the rates of these symptoms showed a decreasing trend with the prol

17、ongation of time after decoration, especially eyes stimulant symptom (within 3 months decreased to 32.2％, after1 year to 9.1％).5. The sequence of main factors on adverse reaction marks wasartificial board furniture, vent

18、ilating time, temperature, plywood and completedtime.6. The adverse reaction marks was positive correlated with theconcentrations and negative correlated with completed time. The concentrationswere negative correlated wi

19、th completed time. The concentrations among thesepollutants were positive correlation. Conclusion The decoration can pollute theair in door and decorative materials have harmful effects on the health ofresidents. To take

20、 steps can control the concentrations of pollutants in air indoor and more studies should be operated in this field. Monitoring, legislationand setting standard on decorative materials should be strengthened accordingto