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簡(jiǎn)介:本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文論文題目青島春陽(yáng)寫(xiě)字樓設(shè)計(jì)題目青島春陽(yáng)寫(xiě)字樓設(shè)計(jì)院(系)(系)建筑工程系建筑工程系專(zhuān)業(yè)業(yè)土木工程土木工程班級(jí)級(jí)學(xué)生生學(xué)號(hào)號(hào)指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)教師2012年06月中文摘要II青島春陽(yáng)寫(xiě)字樓設(shè)計(jì)青島春陽(yáng)寫(xiě)字樓設(shè)計(jì)摘要本設(shè)計(jì)主要進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)方案中橫向框架的抗震設(shè)計(jì)。在確定框架布局之后,先進(jìn)行了層間荷載代表值的計(jì)算,接著利用頂點(diǎn)位移法求出自震周期,進(jìn)而按底部剪力法計(jì)算水平地震荷載作用下大小,進(jìn)而求出在水平荷載作用下的結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)力(彎矩、剪力、軸力)。接著計(jì)算豎向荷載(恒載及活荷載)作用下的結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)力,找出最不利的一組或幾組內(nèi)力組合。選取最安全的結(jié)果計(jì)算配筋并繪圖。此外還進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)方案中的室內(nèi)樓梯的設(shè)計(jì)。完成了平臺(tái)板,梯段板,平臺(tái)梁等構(gòu)件的內(nèi)力和配筋計(jì)算及施工圖繪制。關(guān)鍵詞框架;結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì);抗震設(shè)計(jì)關(guān)鍵詞框架;結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì);抗震設(shè)計(jì)
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上傳時(shí)間:2024-03-17
頁(yè)數(shù): 83
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簡(jiǎn)介:本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文論文題目長(zhǎng)安區(qū)科技局辦公樓設(shè)計(jì)題目長(zhǎng)安區(qū)科技局辦公樓設(shè)計(jì)院(系)(系)建筑工程系建筑工程系專(zhuān)業(yè)業(yè)土木工程土木工程班級(jí)級(jí)學(xué)生生學(xué)號(hào)號(hào)指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)教師年月IICHANGANAREATECHNOLOGYBUILDINGDESIGNABSTRACTTHISGRADUATEDESIGNIS,THECONSTRUCTIONAREAOFWHICHISAROUND4500M2WITHFIVEFLOORS,ANDTHEFIRSTFLOORIS36MHIGH,OTHERLAYERSHIGH33MTHISARTICLECONTAINSCONSTRUCTIONDESIGNANDSTRUCTURALDESIGNINTHEARCHITECTUREDESIGNPARTS,THERELATIONSHIPSBETWEENFUNCTIONANDFORM、BUILDINGANDSITEARECONSIDEREDINTHESCHEMEDESIGNDESIGNSOFPLAN、FRONTELEVATION、SECTIONPLANEARECOMPLETEDINARCHITECTUREDESIGNPHASE,DETAILSOFDECORATIONANDCONFORMATIONAREALSODETERMINEDINTHISPARTTHEPURPOSEOFTHEDESIGNISTODOTHEDESIGNINTHELONGITUDINALFRAMESOFAXIS3WHENTHEDIRECTIONSOFTHEFRAMESISDETERMINED,FIRSTLYTHEWEIGHTISCALCULATED,THENTHEVIBRATECYCLEISCALCULATEDBYUTILIZINGTHEPEAKDISPLACEMENTMETHOD,MAKINGTHEAMOUNTOFTHEHORIZONTALSEISMICFORCECANBEGOTBYWAYOFTHEBOTTOMSHEARFORCEMETHOD,THESEISMICFORCECANBEASSIGNEDACCORDINGTOTHESHEARINGSTIFFNESSOFTHEFRAMESOFTHEDIFFERENTAXISTHENTHEINTERNALFORCEBENDINGMOMENT,SHEARINGFORCEANDAXIALFORCEINTHESTRUCTUREUNDERTHEHORIZONTALLOADSCANBEEASILYCALCULATEDAFTERTHEDETERMINATIONOFTHEINTERNALFORCEUNDERTHEDEADANDLIVELOADS,THECOMBINATIONOFINTERNALFORCECANBEMADEBYUSINGTHEEXCELSOFTWARE,WHOSEPURPOSEISTOFINDONEORSEVERALSETSOFTHEMOSTADVERSEINTERNALFORCEOFTHEWALLLIMBSANDTHECOTERMINOUSGIRDERS,WHICHWILLBETHEBASISOFPROTRACTINGTHEREINFORCINGDRAWINGSOFTHECOMPONENTSTHEDESIGNOFTHESTAIRSISALSOBEAPPROACHEDBYCALCULATINGTHEINTERNALFORCEANDREINFORCINGSUCHCOMPONENTSASLANDINGSLAB,STEPBOARDANDLANDINGGIRDERWHOSESHOPDRAWINGSARECOMPLETEDINTHEENDKEYWORDSFRAMESBUILDINGDESIGN;STRUCTURALDESIGN;ANTISEISMICDESIGN
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頁(yè)數(shù): 80
大?。?1.61(MB)
子文件數(shù):
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螂羄莈薇羇袀莇蠆螀膈莆荿羅膄蒞薁袈肀莄蚃肄羆莃螆袆芅莃蒅蠆膁莂薇裊肇蒁蝕蚈羃蒀荿袃衿葿蒂蚆羋蒈蚄羈膄蕆螆螄肀蕆蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蟻羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂膀薅蝿羈腿螇肄芇膈蕆袇膃膇蕿肅聿膆蟻袆羅膅螄蚈芃芅蒃襖腿芄薆蚇肅芃蚈袂肁節(jié)蒈蚅羇芁薀羀芆芀螞螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇袀莇蠆螀膈莆荿羅膄蒞薁袈肀莄蚃肄羆莃螆袆芅莃蒅蠆膁莂薇裊肇蒁蝕蚈羃蒀荿袃衿葿蒂蚆羋蒈蚄羈膄蕆螆螄肀蕆蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蟻羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂膀薅蝿羈腿螇肄芇膈蕆袇膃膇蕿肅聿膆蟻袆羅膅螄蚈芃芅蒃襖腿芄薆蚇肅芃蚈袂肁節(jié)蒈蚅羇芁薀羀芆芀螞螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄螂羄莈薇羇袀莇蠆螀膈莆荿羅膄蒞薁袈肀莄蚃肄羆莃螆袆芅莃蒅蠆膁莂薇裊肇蒁蝕蚈羃蒀荿袃衿葿蒂蚆羋蒈蚄羈膄蕆螆螄肀蕆蒆羀羆蒆薈螂芄蒅蟻羈膀薄螃螁肆薃蒃羆羂膀薅蝿羈腿螇肄芇膈蕆袇膃膇蕿肅聿膆蟻袆羅膅螄蚈芃芅蒃襖腿芄薆蚇肅芃蚈袂肁節(jié)蒈蚅羇芁薀羀芆芀螞螃膂艿螅罿肈艿蒄
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簡(jiǎn)介:1HOWTOBUILD020SHARINGECONOMYBUSINESSMODELSJMARTINCHAPTERⅠSHARINGOFECONOMICBUSINESSMODELSSHARINGECONOMYHASBEENWIDELYACCEPTEDBYSOCIETY,SUCHASVEHICLERENTAL,PRIVATEAPARTMENTS,TOURISMINDUSTRY,ETC,ANDITHASTAKENINITIALSHAPEINAPPLICATIONTHISISINSEPARABLEFROMTHEPRACTICALDRIVINGFACTORSOFTHESHARINGECONOMYFIRST,THESOCIALDEMANDELEMENTTHERISEOFSOCIALNETWORKSHASEFFECTIVELYPROMOTEDTHESATISFACTIONOFPEOPLESSOCIALNEEDSWHENSOCIALNEEDSREACHACERTAINLEVEL,PEOPLEBEGINTOREFLECTONTHERAPPROCHEMENTOFCOMMUNICATION,WHICHCANNOTONLYPROMOTEECONOMICDEVELOPMENT,BUTALSOSATISFYPEOPLESSOCIALNEEDS,ANDPROMOTETHEAPPLICATIONOFSHARINGECONOMYANDDEVELOPMENTSECOND,EXCESSIVECONSUMPTIONFACTORSMANYPEOPLEINREALLIFE,BECAUSEOFLACKOFPLANNING,BUYALARGENUMBEROFGOODS,RESULTINGINTHEOVERALLORPARTIALUSEOFTHEPRODUCTCANNOTBEFULLYUSED,INANIDLESTATEHOWTOCHANGETHEIDLESTATUSOFTHISRESOURCEHASBECOMEONEOFTHEDRIVINGFACTORSOFTHEBUSINESSMODELOFTHESHAREDECONOMYTHIRD,THEELEMENTSOFTECHNOLOGICALINNOVATIONTHEDEVELOPMENTOFMOBILEINTERNETANDSMARTTERMINALS,ONTHEBASISOFTRADITIONALECOMMERCE,HASREEMERGEDMOREDIVERSIFIEDTRADINGMETHODS,SOTHATTHESHAREDECONOMYCANFORMACOMPLETECLOSEDLOOP,ANDTHEREAREVARIOUSMEANSATTHEENTRANCETOGUIDECUSTOMERSTODIVERT,SUCHASNCF,TWODIMENSIONALCODEANDELECTRONICPURSE,THESETECHNICALINNOVATIONSPROVIDEIMPORTANTTECHNICALSUPPORTFORTHEEFFECTIVEOPERATIONOF020MODECHAPTERⅡ020THEDEVELOPMENTOFSHAREDECONOMICANDBUSINESSMODELSSECTIONISTATUSANALYSISTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHE020MODELPRESENTSTHEFOLLOWINGFEATURESTHEFIRSTONLINEINDUSTRYISDEVELOPINGRAPIDLYWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTAND3ANDCOMMODITIESRECIRCULATIONISLOWMOSTOFTHEMARESTILLINASTATEOFDUSTARTICLE2THEINTEGRITYSYSTEMISNOTBALANCEDTHECORRESPONDINGGUARANTEEMECHANISMFORTHECREDITSYSTEMISSTILLNOTPERFECT,SUCHASWHETHERTHEDETAILEDDESCRIPTIONOFTHEGOODSISTRUE,HOWTHETRANSACTIONDISPUTESARERESOLVED,ANDHOWTHERIGHTSANDINTERESTSOFTHETWOPARTIESAREPROTECTED,WHICHMAKESITDIFFICULTFORTHESHAREDECONOMYTOHAVEAGOODEXTERNALDEVELOPMENTSPACEARTICLE3THEMOBILEADVANTAGEISNOTWELLMOBILIZEDFORTHESHARINGECONOMY,MANYPEOPLESTILLREMAINATTHEEXCHANGELEVEL,ANDTHEYMAINLYFOCUSONHIGHERVALUEPRODUCTSFORALARGENUMBEROFSMALLSIZEDPRODUCTS,THEOWNERSWOULDRATHERCHOOSETOSHAREWITHOUTSPENDINGTIMETHISISRELATEDTOTHEDEGREEOFINTEGRATIONOFECOMMERCEDEVELOPMENTIFYOUCANNOTBUILDA020PLATFORMCONNECTEDTOAMOBILETERMINAL,THISADVANTAGEWILLNOTBEAPPARENTCHAPTERⅢHOWTOBUILDASHAREDECONOMICBUSINESSMODELSECTION1ANALYSISOFINNOVATIONFACTORSARTICLE1ESTABLISHANEFFECTIVENETWORKITISUNREALISTICTORELYSOLELYONTHEENTITYSALESMODELTOACHIEVEECONOMICSHARINGONLYTHROUGHTHEHIGHLYDEVELOPEDINTERNETTECHNOLOGY,WECANBUILDA020PLATFORMTHATMEETSTHESHARINGECONOMYTHROUGHTHEDISSEMINATION,SHARING,ANDUNBOUNDEDNATUREOFTHENETWORK,WECANEFFECTIVELYLINKHUMANRESOURCESANDMATERIALSANDALLOWMOREANDMOREPEOPLETOPARTICIPATEINTHESHARINGECONOMYARTICLE2USEIDLECAPACITYEXCESSIVECONSUMPTIONLEADSTOALARGEAMOUNTOFIDLECAPACITYITSVALUEINTIME,SPACE,ANDFUNCTIONCANONLYBEMAXIMIZEDTHROUGHTHESHARINGECONOMYTOMAKEUSEOFTHEIDLEVALUEOFGOODSORFUNCTIONSASMUCHASPOSSIBLETOBETTERMEETTHENEEDSOFSOCIETYARTICLE3MININGSOCIALNEEDSANYECONOMICMODELISBASEDONPEOPLEPEOPLESBEHAVIORSSUCHASCONSUMPTION,USE,ANDCHOICEAREALLRELATEDTOTHEIRSOCIAL
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簡(jiǎn)介:2200單詞,單詞,12500英文字符英文字符,3800漢字漢字文獻(xiàn)出處文獻(xiàn)出處BUSSEYASTRETCHINGCOPYRIGHTTOITSLIMITONTHECOPYRIGHTABILITYOFYOGAANDOTHERSPORTSMOVEMENTSINLIGHTOFTHEUSCOPYRIGHTOFFICESNEWCHARACTERIZATIONOFCOMPILATIONSJSOCIALSCIENCEELECTRONICPUBLISHING,2013JEFFREYSMOORADSPORTSLAWJOURNALVOLUMEXX2013ISSUE1ARTICLESSTRETCHINGCOPYRIGHTTOITSLIMITONTHECOPYRIGHTABILITYOFYOGAANDOTHERSPORTSMOVEMENTSINLIGHTOFTHEUSCOPYRIGHTOFFICE’SNEWCHARACTERIZATIONOFCOMPILATIONSALEXANDERBUSSEYICOPYRIGHTINGYOGAANDEXERCISEROUTINESINTHEWORDSOFTHEOSYUCOURT,“ONFIRSTIMPRESSION,ITSEEMSINAPPROPRIATE,ANDALMOSTUNBELIEVABLE,THATASEQUENCEOFYOGAPOSITIONSCOULDBEANYONEPERSON’SINTELLECTUALPROPERTY,”YETTHEISSUEISNOTSOOBVIOUS73THISPARTEXAMINESHOWONEMIGHTCONSTRUETHECOPYRIGHTACTTOAFFORDPROTECTIONTOYOGAANDOTHERSIMILAREXERCISEROUTINESTHEREAREANUMBEROFISSUESTOCONSIDERWHENDETERMININGTHECOPYRIGHTABILITYOFYOGAANDEXERCISEROUTINESFIRST,THESEATHLETICACTIVITIESAREMOSTCLOSELYRELATEDTOCHOREOGRAPHICWORKSIFTHEYCANNOTBECLASSIFIEDASCHOREOGRAPHICWORKS,THENONEMIGHTARGUETHATYOGAANDEXERCISEROUTINESCOULDFALLBACKONTHEPROTECTIONOFCOMPILATIONSLIKETHEBIKRAMEXAMPLE,ATLEASTPRIORTOTHEOFFICE’SRECENTSTATEMENTOFPOLICYBUTEVENIFYOGAANDOTHEREXERCISEROUTINESCANBECONTORTEDTOFITWITHINEITHEROFTHESECATEGORIES,THEYMUSTSTILLOVERCOMEANUMBEROFISSUES,INCLUDINGORIGINALITY,THEMERGERDOCTRINE,ANDTHEFUNCTIONALITYDOCTRINETHISPARTEXAMINESHOWYOGAANDEXERCISEROUTINESAREAFFECTEDBYEACHOFTHESEISSUESAYOGAANDEXERCISEASCHOREOGRAPHYWHENCONGRESSPASSEDTHECOPYRIGHTACTOF1976,ITASSUMEDTHATPANTOMIMESANDCHOREOGRAPHICWORKSHAD“FAIRLYSETTLEDMEANINGS”74DESPITEFAILINGTOPROVIDEADEFINITIONFORTHESEWORKS,THEHOUSEDIDINDICATETHAT“‘CHOREOGRAPHICWORKS’DONOTINCLUDESOCIALDANCESTEPSANDSIMPLEROUTINES”75THISLIKELYRULESOUTTHEMACARENAANDTHEWALTZ,BUTTHETERM“SIMPLEROUTINES”ISNOTWITHOUTITSOWNAMBIGUITIESIN1984,THEOFFICEPICKEDUPWHATCONGRESSLEFTUNDONE,PROVIDINGITSOWNDEFINITIONOFCHOREOGRAPHICWORKSINTHEDANCEMOVES,AND2ARRANGESTHEMINTO3ANORIGINALWORKINOSYU,BIKRAMARGUEDTHATHISYOGAROUTINEWASINFACTCOPYRIGHTEDASACOMPILATIONOFASANASBECAUSEHECOORDINATEDTHEPREEXISTINGPOSTURESINANEW,ORIGINALFASHION85AND,APPARENTLY,NEITHERTHECOURTNORTHEOFFICEOPPOSEDTHISARGUMENTATTHETIME86BUTEVENIFAYOGAOREXERCISEROUTINEFITSINTOTHISCATEGORY,ORTHECATEGORYOFCHOREOGRAPHICWORKS,THEREARESTILLANUMBEROFHURDLESTOCLEARINORDERTORECEIVECOPYRIGHTPROTECTIONCLIMITATIONSONCOPYRIGHTINGYOGAANDEXERCISEROUTINE1FIXATIONANDORIGINALITYASPREVIOUSLYMENTIONED,ALLCOPYRIGHTABLESUBJECTMATTERMUSTBEAN“ORIGINALWORKOFAUTHORSHIPFIXEDINANYTANGIBLEMEDIUMOFEXPRESSION”87THEFIXATIONREQUIREMENTISEASILYOVERCOMESIMPLYRECORDINGAROUTINEONVIDEOISSUFFICIENTTOFIXTHEWORK88ORIGINALITY,HOWEVER,ISNOTASSTRAIGHTFORWARDASOSYUEXPLAINED,ORIGINALITYISGENERALLYAQUESTIONOFFACT89BUTTHESTANDARDISFAIRLYLOWINMLB,THESEVENTHCIRCUITHELDTHATBASEBALLPLAYERS’PERFORMANCESINABASEBALLGAMEARESUFFICIENTLYCREATIVETOOVERCOMETHEORIGINALITYREQUIREMENT,EVENTHOUGHINMOSTINSTANCESTHEYMERELYREACTTOTHEMOVEMENTSOFTHEBALLANDOTHERPLAYERS90THEFEISTCOURTHELDTHATARRANGINGNAMESINALPHABETICALORDERWASINSUFFICIENTLYORIGINALTOGARNERCOPYRIGHTPROTECTIONINAPHONEBOOK91HOWEVER,INANOTHERCASETHECOURTHELDTHATAPHONEBOOKTHATSELECTEDBUSINESSBASEDONTHEIRINTERESTTOACHINESECOMMUNITYWASSUFFICIENTLYORIGINAL92ITSEEMSTHEN,THATSOMEARRANGEMENTSOFSIMPLEEXERCISESTEPSCOULDSATISFYTHEORIGINALITYREQUIREMENT2IDEA/EXPRESSIONDICHOTOMYTHEMERGERDOCTRINETHEIDEA/EXPRESSIONDICHOTOMY,WHICHISSIMILARTOTHEMERGERDOCTRINE,WASFIRSTDISCUSSEDINTHENINETEENTHCENTURYCASEBAKERVSELDEN93INTHATCASE,THEPLAINTIFF,SELDEN,ATTEMPTEDTOENFORCEACOPYRIGHTINRELATIONTOABOOKTHATDESCRIBEDAMETHODOFBOOKKEEPINGANDINCLUDEDCOPIESOFANUMBEROFBOOKKEEPINGFORMS94SELDENATTEMPTEDTOENJOINANOTHERFROMSELLINGABOOKTHATINCLUDEDVERYSIMILARFORMS95THECOURTHELDTHAT“THEREISACLEARDISTINCTIONBETWEENTHEBOOK,ASSUCH,ANDTHEARTWHICHITISINTENDEDTOILLUSTRATE”96INOTHERWORDS,THEBOOKISCOPYRIGHTABLE,ANDANEXACTDUPLICATIONOFTHEBOOKWOULDHAVEBEENCOPYRIGHTINFRINGEMENT,BUTTHESYSTEMDESCRIBEDINTHEBOOKISNOTCOPYRIGHTABLEBECAUSEITISMERELYANIDEAIDEASCANNOTBECOPYRIGHTEDSUCHASYSTEMMIGHTBEPROTECTABLEUNDERPATENTLAW,BUTNOTUNDERCOPYRIGHTTHENINTHCIRCUITEXPLAINSMERGERLIKETHIS“WHENTHE‘IDEA’ANDITSEXPRESSIONAREINSEPARABLE,COPYINGTHE‘EXPRESSION’WILLNOTBEBARRED,SINCEPROTECTINGTHE‘EXPRESSION’INSUCHCIRCUMSTANCESWOULDCONFERAMONOPOLYOFTHE‘IDEA’UPONTHECOPYRIGHTOWNERFREEOFTHECONDITIONSANDLIMITATIONSIMPOSEDBY
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簡(jiǎn)介:附錄附錄5英文參考資料英文參考資料1中文翻譯中文翻譯溫濕度獨(dú)立控制的空調(diào)設(shè)備在辦公大樓的工作情況溫濕度獨(dú)立控制的空調(diào)設(shè)備在辦公大樓的工作情況傳統(tǒng)的供熱通風(fēng)與空氣調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)通過(guò)冷凝的方式除濕,在給空氣除濕的同時(shí),也把空氣冷卻了。在大多數(shù)情況下,建筑物的顯性負(fù)載占了制冷負(fù)載的大部分,而隱性負(fù)載(除濕負(fù)載)只占很小一部分。但是,由于除濕需要的冷源溫度比降溫所需的冷源溫度要低得多,因此冷卻水的溫度必須降得足夠低,以滿(mǎn)足冷凝除濕的要求。此外,顯性負(fù)載和隱性負(fù)載之比很大程度上隨室外天氣、室內(nèi)人員的數(shù)量、室內(nèi)設(shè)備和照明方式的變化而變化。所以,室內(nèi)溫度和室內(nèi)濕度這兩個(gè)參數(shù),很難通過(guò)冷卻旋管冷凝這一種方式進(jìn)行有效的調(diào)節(jié)。實(shí)踐中,在室內(nèi)濕度升高時(shí),為了除濕,就調(diào)低設(shè)定的溫度值。當(dāng)空氣通過(guò)了冷凝旋管后,再將空氣加熱到合適的溫度,這樣就造成了很大的能源浪費(fèi)。為了避免上述的問(wèn)題,溫度、濕度獨(dú)立控制空調(diào)系統(tǒng)以其合適的工作方式獨(dú)樹(shù)一幟,它可以讓溫度和濕度分別通過(guò)溫度控制子系統(tǒng)和濕度控制子系統(tǒng)獨(dú)立地進(jìn)行控制。另外,溫度控制子系統(tǒng)中用來(lái)降溫的旋管的溫度可以大幅提高,也就是說(shuō),可以從當(dāng)前的7℃提高到17℃,于是就可以提升制冷機(jī)的工作狀況,甚至可以實(shí)現(xiàn)不受周?chē)h(huán)境影響的自由調(diào)溫。在混合式干燥劑除濕與空調(diào)系統(tǒng)上,已經(jīng)有很多人進(jìn)行過(guò)研究,他們通過(guò)把液態(tài)、固態(tài)干燥劑和傳統(tǒng)的冷卻系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行整合,達(dá)到避免過(guò)度冷卻的目的。液態(tài)干燥劑在最近幾年有了長(zhǎng)足的發(fā)展,因?yàn)樗幸粋€(gè)很顯著的優(yōu)點(diǎn),可以在高于露點(diǎn)溫度的情況下除濕,避免了冷卻后重新對(duì)空氣加熱的過(guò)程。有許多人,包括YADAV,DRYKORLTD和LIUETALCHENETAL等,已經(jīng)對(duì)如何提升它的效果進(jìn)行了深入的研究。他們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)獨(dú)立的除濕空調(diào)系統(tǒng),它用熱水驅(qū)動(dòng)液態(tài)干燥劑,并且把1821℃的冷卻水供給北京的一個(gè)辦公大樓。與傳統(tǒng)的空調(diào)系統(tǒng)相比,這個(gè)系統(tǒng)節(jié)省了30的制冷費(fèi)用。由MAETAL測(cè)試的混合系統(tǒng)的工作效果比傳統(tǒng)水蒸氣壓縮系統(tǒng)好445,隱形負(fù)載為30,并且這兩個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)分別可以提高到738和42。此外,關(guān)于混合系統(tǒng)在天氣很熱且潮濕的地區(qū)的可行性和工作情況的專(zhuān)門(mén)研究也得到了大力支持。本文將對(duì)深圳的一個(gè)辦公大樓里面的THIC空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的真實(shí)工作情況進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究。在這個(gè)THIC系統(tǒng)里,由熱泵驅(qū)動(dòng)的液態(tài)干燥劑新鮮空氣處理單元被用來(lái)處理室外的空氣,去除所有的隱性負(fù)載并給整個(gè)空間提供足夠的新鮮空氣。那個(gè)為室內(nèi)終端設(shè)備提供175攝氏度的冷卻水的高溫冷卻裝置被用來(lái)控制室內(nèi)溫度。THIC系統(tǒng)的工作原則和工作情況測(cè)試結(jié)果都將在本文中得到展示,間中作為一個(gè)極其重要的設(shè)計(jì)原則的分層的空調(diào)系統(tǒng),被選作門(mén)廳的空調(diào)設(shè)計(jì),正如圖2所示。詳細(xì)地說(shuō),在被占據(jù)的空間里(高度不超過(guò)2米),175℃的冷卻水通過(guò)水泵輸送到輻射采暖地板進(jìn)行降溫,被處理過(guò)的干新鮮空氣和室內(nèi)廢氣分別從整個(gè)空間的底部進(jìn)入,從中間排出。這樣就形成了一個(gè)“干空氣層”來(lái)避免較冷的地板表面有水蒸氣凝結(jié)。在遠(yuǎn)離被占據(jù)區(qū)域的較高空間,從玻璃屏進(jìn)入的太陽(yáng)輻射被裝飾物吸收,然后熱量就從百葉窗等自然通風(fēng)設(shè)備排出了。溫度控制子系統(tǒng)和濕度控制子系統(tǒng)可以根據(jù)周?chē)h(huán)境狀況和室內(nèi)要求分別進(jìn)行控制。這兩個(gè)子系統(tǒng)在濕熱的氣候都要工作;在濕冷的氣候下,只有濕度控制子系統(tǒng)要工作;當(dāng)外界空氣足夠干的時(shí)候,比如11G/KG,外界的空氣將過(guò)濾后直接進(jìn)入大樓。據(jù)我們所知,冷卻空氣比通過(guò)冷凝給空氣除濕要容易得多,因?yàn)楹笳咝枰睦湓吹臏囟缺惹罢叩偷枚唷5?,在目前的THIC系統(tǒng)中,被測(cè)的溫度控制子系統(tǒng)的COP卻低于或等于濕度控制子系統(tǒng)的COP。因此,本部分將著力解決如何改善溫度控制子系統(tǒng)的工作效果。根據(jù)表4中所示的溫度控制子系統(tǒng)中的每個(gè)元件的工作情況,我們推薦三個(gè)對(duì)溫度控制子系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行改進(jìn)的主要方案(1)對(duì)冷卻水泵的頻率進(jìn)行修改;(2)收緊帶子,提升冷卻塔的工作狀況。(3)在干燥的工作環(huán)境下,提升FCU的工作狀況。前兩個(gè)方案很容易在建筑內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn),而第三個(gè)的實(shí)現(xiàn)難度取決于新的FCU產(chǎn)品??偨Y(jié)一下,本文論述了深圳的一個(gè)辦公大樓的THIC系統(tǒng)的工作情況。液態(tài)干燥劑新鮮空氣裝置用來(lái)提供干的新鮮空氣,以對(duì)室內(nèi)的濕度進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)。175℃的冷卻水通過(guò)水泵輸送到輻射面板和干風(fēng)扇線圈來(lái)控制室內(nèi)溫度。一下是根據(jù)測(cè)試結(jié)果得出的結(jié)論(1)THIC系統(tǒng)能提供一個(gè)舒適的室內(nèi)環(huán)境,使得室內(nèi)溫度、濕度比例和二氧化碳濃度都在令人舒適的范圍內(nèi)。(2)整個(gè)THIC系統(tǒng)的COP可以達(dá)到40,其中溫度控制子系統(tǒng)和適度控制子系統(tǒng)的COP分別為3741和41。在測(cè)試的辦公大樓中,THIC系統(tǒng)的能耗是322KWH/M2YR,這也就是說(shuō),能源使用效率比傳統(tǒng)的空調(diào)系統(tǒng)高得多。(3)我們提出了溫度控制子系統(tǒng)的一些改進(jìn)方法,包括對(duì)冷卻水泵、冷卻塔和FCU的改進(jìn)。因此,預(yù)期的系統(tǒng)COP可以進(jìn)一步提高到44,這與當(dāng)前使用的空調(diào)設(shè)備相比可以節(jié)省9的能耗。
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簡(jiǎn)介:外文原文和譯文15THIFACWORLDCONGRESSONAUTOMATICCONTROL,BARCELONA,SPAIN,JULY2002TRUETIMESIMULATIONOFCONTROLLOOPSUNDESHAREDCOMPUTERRESOURCESDANHENRIKSSON,ANTONCERVIN,KARLERIK?RZéNDEPARTMENTOFAUTOMATICCONTROLLUNDINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGYBOX118,SE22100LUND,SWEDEN{DAN,ANTON,KARLERIK}CONTROLLTHSEABSTRACTTHEPAPERPRESENTSTRUETIME,AMATLAB/SIMULINKBASEDSIMULATORFORREALTIMECONTROLSYSTEMSTRUETIMEMAKESITPOSSIBLETOSIMULATETHETEMPORALBEHAVIOROFMULTITASKINGREALTIMEKERNELSCONTAININGCONTROLLERTASKSANDTOSTUDYTHEEFFECTSOFCPUANDNETWORKSCHEDULINGONCONTROLPERFORMANCETHESIMULATEDREALTIMEKERNELISEVENTDRIVENANDCANHANDLEEXTERNALINTERRUPTSASWELLASFINEGRAINEDDETAILSSUCHASCONTEXTSWITCHESARBITRARYSCHEDULINGPOLICIESMAYBEDEFINED,ANDTHECONTROLTASKSMAYBEIMPLEMENTEDUSINGCFUNCTIONS,MFUNCTIONS,ORSIMULINKBLOCKDIAGRAMSANUMBEROFEXAMPLESTHATILLUSTRATETHEUSEOFTRUETIMEAREPRESENTED1INTRODUCTIONMOSTCOMPUTERCONTROLSYSTEMSAREEMBEDDEDSYSTEMSWHERETHECOMPUTERISACOMPONENTWITHINALARGERENGINEERINGSYSTEMTHECONTROLLERSAREOFTENIMPLEMENTEDASONEORSEVERALTASKSONAMICROPROCESSORUSINGAREALTIMEKERNELORAREALTIMEOPERATINGSYSTEMDRTOSEINMOSTCASESTHEMICROPROCESSORALSOCONTAINSOTHERTASKSFOROTHERFUNCTIONS,EG,COMMUNICATIONANDUSERINTERFACESTHEKERNELOROSTYPICALLYUSESMULTIPROGRAMMINGTOMULTIPLEXTHEEXECUTIONOFTHEDIFFERENTTASKSONASINGLECPUTHECPUTIMEANDTHECOMMUNICATIONBANDWIDTH,HENCE,CANBEVIEWEDASSHAREDRESOURCESWHICHTHETASKSCOMPETEFORCOMPUTERBASEDCONTROLTHEORYNORMALLYASSUMESEQUIDISTANTSAMPLINGFLEXIBLEAPPROACHESTODYNAMICSCHEDULING,EG,FEEDBACKSCHEDULINGEKERETAL,2000ANDQUALITYOFSERVICEQOSBASEDSCHEDULINGAPPROACHES,ANDTOSIMULATEEVENTBASEDCONTROLSYSTEMS,EG,COMBUSTIONENGINECONTROLSYSTEMSANDDISTRIBUTEDCONTROLLERSFIGURE1THEINTERFACESTOTHESIMULINKBLOCKSTHESCHEDULEANDMONITORSPORTSPROVIDEPLOTSOFTHEALLOCATIONOFCOMMONRESOURCESCPU,MONITORS,NETWORKDURINGTHESIMULATION11RELATEDWORKWHILENUMEROUSTOOLSEXISTTHATSUPPORTEITHERSIMULATIONOFCONTROLSYSTEMSEGSIMULINKORSIMULATIONOFREALTIMESCHEDULINGEGSTRESSAUDSLEYETAL,1994GANDDRTSSSTORCHANDLIU,1996VERYFEWTOOLSSUPPORTCOSIMULATIONOFCONTROLSYSTEMSANDREALTIMESCHEDULINGANEARLY,TICKBASEDPROTOTYPEOFTRUETIMEWASPRESENTEDINEKERANDCERVIN,1999SINCEITWASNOTEVENTBASEDTHISEARLYVERSIONHADVERYLITTLESUPPORTFORINTERRUPTHANDLINGANDCOULDNOTHANDLEFINEGRAINEDSIMULATIONDETAILSALSO,THEREWASNOSUPPORTFORSIMULATIONOFNETWORKSTHERTSIMREALTIMESCHEDULINGSIMULATORASTANDALONECPROGRAMHASRECENTLYBEENEXTENDEDWITHANUMERICALMODULEBASEDONTHEOCTAVELIBRARYTHATSUPPORTSSIMULATIONOFCONTINUOUSDYNAMICS,SEEPALOPOLIETAL,2000HOWEVER,ITLACKSAGRAPHICALPLANTMODELINGENVIRONMENT,ANDSO
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簡(jiǎn)介:附表附表3外文翻譯外文翻譯出處出處ENERGYANDBUILDINGS,2002,342155162歐洲辦公建筑的室內(nèi)環(huán)境質(zhì)量及其改善歐洲辦公建筑的室內(nèi)環(huán)境質(zhì)量及其改善摘要摘要室內(nèi)環(huán)境質(zhì)量(簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)IEQ)是辦公建筑的一個(gè)重要的質(zhì)量方面。這種觀點(diǎn)在歐洲的一種新的方法論和軟件中得到認(rèn)可,這種方法論和軟件是針對(duì)改善辦公建筑的。(改善辦公建筑的研究簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)TOBUS)在改善辦公建筑的研究中,把居住者對(duì)室內(nèi)環(huán)境質(zhì)量的不滿(mǎn)做了一個(gè)詳細(xì)列表,同時(shí)這個(gè)列表也被作為建筑物和供熱通風(fēng)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)特性的一個(gè)列表。根據(jù)建筑物和系統(tǒng)的特性與建筑物的用途之間的關(guān)系,可以找到引起問(wèn)題的不同的可能性原因,并且可以選擇改善的可能性措施。一種關(guān)系方案應(yīng)包括以下這些關(guān)系研究對(duì)象及其類(lèi)型,辦公建筑內(nèi)居住人員的抱怨,引起這些抱怨的可能性原因以及消除這些抱怨的措施之間的關(guān)系。而且,這種關(guān)系方案還要包括與所選的研究對(duì)象無(wú)關(guān)的原因和措施。用來(lái)定性和定量研究建筑的室內(nèi)環(huán)境質(zhì)量特性的程序也已給出。這篇文章描述了在歐洲的12座建筑中集中在室內(nèi)環(huán)境質(zhì)量方面的調(diào)查結(jié)果。這篇文章也提到了這個(gè)領(lǐng)域研究的一些討論和結(jié)論,都是與室內(nèi)環(huán)境質(zhì)量及其用到的方法和程序相關(guān)的。O2002ELSEVIERSCIENCEBV版權(quán)所有。關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞室內(nèi)環(huán)境質(zhì)量;改善辦公建筑的研究;辦公建筑;調(diào)查問(wèn)卷1序言室內(nèi)環(huán)境質(zhì)量是辦公建筑的一個(gè)重要方面。從建筑物內(nèi)居住人員的角度來(lái)看,理想的狀況應(yīng)該是這樣一種室內(nèi)環(huán)境,它能使所有的居住人員滿(mǎn)意(就是他們沒(méi)有抱怨),并且不會(huì)不必要地增加疾病和受傷的危險(xiǎn)性和嚴(yán)重性。按照歐洲的89/106/EWG條例,建設(shè)項(xiàng)目必須以這樣一種方式來(lái)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)和建造,即它不會(huì)對(duì)居住者和鄰居的衛(wèi)生和健康造成威脅。按世界衛(wèi)生組織所言,“健康是一種完全的身體,精神和社交的健康狀態(tài),而且不僅僅是缺少疾病和衰弱?!辈唤】档氖覂?nèi)環(huán)境將會(huì)導(dǎo)致雇員的生產(chǎn)效率下降,并且致使因病離職的人數(shù)增加。我們現(xiàn)在面對(duì)的問(wèn)題是居住人員的健康狀況遠(yuǎn)不夠理想。我們創(chuàng)造一種更健康解決問(wèn)題的措施↓←相互影響最適宜的解決方法表1改善辦公建筑的室內(nèi)環(huán)境質(zhì)量的方法第一步考察前收集信息來(lái)找出建筑物內(nèi)存在的與室內(nèi)環(huán)境質(zhì)量相關(guān)的問(wèn)題(抱怨或是評(píng)論)。作一個(gè)清單,用來(lái)收集從建筑管理人員和技術(shù)人員那里得到的關(guān)于建筑結(jié)構(gòu)及服務(wù)的信息。作一個(gè)調(diào)查問(wèn)卷,收集居住人員可以察覺(jué)到的舒適和不滿(mǎn)的信念。下面這些程序組成第一步?分發(fā)和收集居住人員的調(diào)查問(wèn)卷(包括對(duì)居住者的選擇,這也會(huì)收到一種調(diào)查問(wèn)卷)和建筑管理人員的清單?分析調(diào)查問(wèn)卷和建筑管理人員的清單?對(duì)問(wèn)題列表(包括不滿(mǎn)和評(píng)論)以及與研究對(duì)象相關(guān)或無(wú)關(guān)的原因進(jìn)行推斷?選擇要考察的辦公室和研究對(duì)象第二步考察在第一步中發(fā)現(xiàn)的每一個(gè)問(wèn)題,都可以找到一個(gè)可能的原因。在給審核員的列表清單中提供了一些與室內(nèi)環(huán)境質(zhì)量相關(guān)的額外信息,而這些信息是不可以從居住人員的調(diào)查問(wèn)卷和建筑管理人員的清單中獲得的。下面這些程序組成第二步;?審核員根據(jù)清單作出觀點(diǎn)評(píng)價(jià)?選擇問(wèn)題的起因?選擇與室內(nèi)環(huán)境質(zhì)量相關(guān)的研究對(duì)象第三步考察后分析所有收集的信息,準(zhǔn)確的找出問(wèn)題的起因,給出由研究對(duì)象引發(fā)的問(wèn)題的解決措施,并且對(duì)不是由研究對(duì)象引發(fā)的問(wèn)題提出建議。下面這些程序組成第三步;?選擇室內(nèi)環(huán)境改善措施?檢查其相互影響?確定室內(nèi)環(huán)境質(zhì)量特性21關(guān)系方案
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簡(jiǎn)介:信息共享對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈的影響DAVIDCHALLCANSAYGINRECEIVED2APRIL2009/ACCEPTED16MAY2011/PUBLISHEDONLINE31MAY2011◎SPRINGERVERLAGLONDONLIMITED2011摘要摘要在這項(xiàng)研究中,我們通過(guò)模擬研究了信息共享對(duì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)交貨率和總成本的影響。試驗(yàn)因素包括產(chǎn)能富裕度、資源可靠性和信息共享模式,信息共享模式即共享資源可靠性信息、顧客需求和庫(kù)存水平。模擬結(jié)果表明,所有三個(gè)試驗(yàn)因素在統(tǒng)計(jì)上都有明顯意義。然而,當(dāng)分析主要和交互影響時(shí)信息共享模式表現(xiàn)獨(dú)特。這項(xiàng)研究表明,產(chǎn)能富裕度、資源可靠性交換水平和信息共享模式基于運(yùn)營(yíng)參數(shù)以及供應(yīng)鏈的柔性。因此,作為一個(gè)協(xié)調(diào)工具,引入更多的柔性而不僅注重信息共享能力或許更可行。關(guān)鍵字關(guān)鍵字供應(yīng)鏈管理供應(yīng)鏈動(dòng)態(tài)性企業(yè)資源計(jì)劃制造業(yè)信息系統(tǒng)庫(kù)存管理模擬1導(dǎo)入導(dǎo)入供應(yīng)鏈可以被看做一個(gè)商業(yè)伙伴的網(wǎng)絡(luò)及他們?cè)牧喜少?gòu)的設(shè)施,它轉(zhuǎn)化為中間產(chǎn)品和最終產(chǎn)品、分銷(xiāo)及將最終產(chǎn)品銷(xiāo)售給最終消費(fèi)者。供應(yīng)鏈?zhǔn)且粋€(gè)復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng),它涉及多個(gè)實(shí)體,包括運(yùn)送貨物的活動(dòng)以及增加從原材料階段到最終交付階段。供應(yīng)鏈中的不同實(shí)體運(yùn)營(yíng)受到不同的約束集和目標(biāo)的約束,當(dāng)談到在按時(shí)交貨、保證質(zhì)量、成本最小化方面改善供應(yīng)鏈績(jī)效時(shí),這些是高度相互依存的。因此,供應(yīng)鏈內(nèi)實(shí)體的績(jī)效依賴(lài)于其它實(shí)體績(jī)效和他們的意愿以及協(xié)調(diào)供應(yīng)鏈內(nèi)活動(dòng)的能力。信息技術(shù)進(jìn)步促成了信息獲取,這有助供應(yīng)鏈伙伴通過(guò)信息共享達(dá)成溝通、協(xié)調(diào)與合作。供應(yīng)鏈管理文獻(xiàn)揭示,通過(guò)業(yè)務(wù)伙伴間更好的信息聯(lián)系,包括長(zhǎng)的提前期、大批量生產(chǎn)、高庫(kù)存水平、慢速新產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)和發(fā)展以及長(zhǎng)訂單履行周期的各種不足可以減輕或減少。盡管信息共享可能是非常有益的,但是它不足以完全減少供應(yīng)鏈動(dòng)態(tài)固有的不確定性的影響。例如,自從FORRESTER對(duì)牛鞭效應(yīng)的研究以來(lái),在信息共享是否總是對(duì)避免牛鞭效應(yīng)有利上已經(jīng)有長(zhǎng)期的辯論和懸而未決的爭(zhēng)端。除此之外,研究者還指出信息共享的益處有賴(lài)于信息的類(lèi)型以及伙伴的需求和控制能力。本項(xiàng)研究中,通過(guò)通用假想供應(yīng)鏈模型的模擬,研究了業(yè)務(wù)伙伴按時(shí)交貨率和總成本方面對(duì)信息交換的影響。雖然供應(yīng)鏈中的信息共享已獲得廣泛研究,但信息資源共享的可靠性(即各種失敗和設(shè)備故障的發(fā)生)對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈績(jī)效的影響并沒(méi)有獲得研究。實(shí)驗(yàn)因素是產(chǎn)能富裕度(分三個(gè)層級(jí))、可靠性(分三個(gè)層級(jí))和信息共享模式,這一模式分享信息可靠性、顧客需求和庫(kù)存水平。本文結(jié)構(gòu)如下在第2節(jié)中展示了供應(yīng)鏈動(dòng)態(tài)的文獻(xiàn)調(diào)查。在第3部分中,概述了實(shí)驗(yàn)因素,對(duì)信息共享的做了簡(jiǎn)短描述。在第4部分解釋了模型的改進(jìn)。在第5和6部分討論了實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。在第7部分展示了結(jié)論。2供應(yīng)鏈動(dòng)態(tài)供應(yīng)鏈動(dòng)態(tài)很多研究者對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈管理進(jìn)行了研究。除了傳統(tǒng)的供應(yīng)鏈管理話題,例如業(yè)務(wù)計(jì)劃、戰(zhàn)略計(jì)劃和后勤,這些論文包括多種研究,從不同視角研究供應(yīng)鏈管理供應(yīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、亂序角度、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理、供應(yīng)鏈動(dòng)態(tài)、不確定性、分類(lèi)及分類(lèi)的問(wèn)題和電子商務(wù)。若需要對(duì)相關(guān)論文的廣泛了解,請(qǐng)參考MIN和ZHOU,HUANG等,GOKNUR和TURAN,以及CHAN和CHAN的文章。供應(yīng)鏈中決策設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)觸發(fā)系統(tǒng)實(shí)體間相互作用的反饋過(guò)程;當(dāng)在作出決策和察覺(jué)它的影響的時(shí)間之間有一個(gè)時(shí)間差時(shí)我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)間延遲,這通常會(huì)進(jìn)一步影響實(shí)體間的相息不完全。不與供應(yīng)鏈其他實(shí)體共享信息也會(huì)導(dǎo)致相同效果。在先進(jìn)信息技術(shù)(如射頻識(shí)別系統(tǒng))的襄助下,可以首先獲得信息,這可以提高業(yè)務(wù)的可預(yù)見(jiàn)性,然后在各級(jí)共享。供應(yīng)鏈信息共享的文獻(xiàn)包括了各種各樣的研究,從需求信息共享到生產(chǎn)信息共享再到庫(kù)存信息共享。文獻(xiàn)回顧說(shuō)明裝備了先進(jìn)IT工具的真正信息共享能力受到?jīng)Q策者對(duì)共享信息意愿的限制。然而,研究者們對(duì)信息共享的好處并未達(dá)成共識(shí)。分歧的原因是供應(yīng)鏈配置的差異,包括不同的制造戰(zhàn)略如按訂單生產(chǎn)、按庫(kù)存生產(chǎn)、按訂單裝配,信息共享水平和模式,信息共享過(guò)程本身(如基于拍賣(mài)模型的情況下),和信息共享時(shí)效性(即延時(shí))。3實(shí)驗(yàn)因素實(shí)驗(yàn)因素在該研究中,我們通過(guò)用3個(gè)試驗(yàn)因素模擬調(diào)研了業(yè)務(wù)伙伴信息共享對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈績(jī)效的影響(1)產(chǎn)能富裕度(分3個(gè)層級(jí))(2)可靠性(3個(gè)層級(jí))和(3)信息共享模型(可靠性信息共享、顧客需求信息共享和庫(kù)存水平信息共享)。產(chǎn)能富裕度因素提供了一個(gè)制造企業(yè)內(nèi)部柔性水平來(lái)評(píng)判和滿(mǎn)足供應(yīng)和需求側(cè)的想、要求,就像GAVIRNENI等和CHAN及CHAN研究的那樣。可靠性因素引入了制造業(yè)水平故障,這反過(guò)來(lái)會(huì)影響能力和準(zhǔn)時(shí)交貨,就像CACHON與FISHER和YU等強(qiáng)調(diào)的。31產(chǎn)能富裕度產(chǎn)能富裕度定義如下DTOTALDEMANITYTOTALCAPACCTIGHTNESS?當(dāng)大于1時(shí),總能力足夠滿(mǎn)足總需求。反之,若小于1,則能力不CTIGHTNESSCTIGHTNESS足以滿(mǎn)足需求。產(chǎn)能富裕度在供應(yīng)鏈信息共享的背景下已有研究。研究了各種信息共享模式產(chǎn)能富裕度并發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)能力大或小時(shí),信息共享不會(huì)增加任何價(jià)值。對(duì)單一生產(chǎn)周期多種產(chǎn)品組合報(bào)告能力緩沖的實(shí)時(shí)修訂產(chǎn)能富裕度檢測(cè)在需求不確定情況下時(shí)不顯著的,當(dāng)采用實(shí)時(shí)訂單修訂時(shí)。32可靠性對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈物流部分的可靠性罕有人研究。物流可靠性是準(zhǔn)時(shí)交貨率的代名詞。最初,混合整數(shù)規(guī)劃用來(lái)以純概率方式?jīng)Q定給定供應(yīng)商可靠性的供應(yīng)商和制造商之間的成本。對(duì)這一檢測(cè)的擴(kuò)展研究包括供應(yīng)商、制造商和分銷(xiāo)商之間的物流可靠性,整體交貨準(zhǔn)時(shí)率由此確定。對(duì)全球物流系統(tǒng)的回顧表明很少有研究將供應(yīng)鏈可靠性作為一個(gè)不確定性因素。物流可靠性對(duì)權(quán)變計(jì)劃(其中的供給和需求隨確定的物流故障率是隨機(jī)的)表明網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置、信息共享和網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)則會(huì)影響按時(shí)交貨率。供應(yīng)商可靠性已經(jīng)兩種方法模型化機(jī)器故障率方法和供應(yīng)商有效性方法。機(jī)器故障方法注供應(yīng)商的重生產(chǎn)和庫(kù)存方法。供應(yīng)商有效性方法檢查無(wú)效對(duì)直接上游買(mǎi)方的長(zhǎng)期影響。雖然如此,但是這些研究的重點(diǎn)都只是對(duì)一個(gè)實(shí)體而不是整個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈。33信息共享模型使用訂單、庫(kù)存和顧客需求信息共享對(duì)一個(gè)由制造商和零售商構(gòu)成的二級(jí)供應(yīng)鏈的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)信息共享在所有條件下夠都明顯。類(lèi)似地,在一切情況下,容量對(duì)降低持有成本影響明顯。雖然容量和信息共享都在任何情況下是顯著的,但卻沒(méi)有對(duì)相互影響進(jìn)行研究。同樣,一項(xiàng)對(duì)客戶(hù)需求和庫(kù)存信息共享與零售商和供應(yīng)商之間沒(méi)有信息共享的對(duì)比分析發(fā)現(xiàn)與沒(méi)有信息共享相比,當(dāng)共享顧客需求和庫(kù)存信息時(shí),績(jī)效有明顯提高。然而,改善并不是來(lái)自信息共享而是來(lái)自信息技術(shù),它促進(jìn)了提前期和批量規(guī)模的下降。一個(gè)對(duì)無(wú)信息共享不穩(wěn)定需求二級(jí)供應(yīng)鏈和有顧客需求信息共享的分析比較發(fā)現(xiàn),顧客需求信息共
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簡(jiǎn)介:現(xiàn)代辦公建筑發(fā)展新趨勢(shì)現(xiàn)代辦公建筑發(fā)展新趨勢(shì)綠色決定價(jià)值個(gè)性贏得市場(chǎng)綠色決定價(jià)值個(gè)性贏得市場(chǎng)威廉.克萊因進(jìn)入二十一世紀(jì)后,美國(guó)人做過(guò)一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì),發(fā)現(xiàn)美國(guó)稅收來(lái)源的835來(lái)自于寫(xiě)字樓,而不是工廠。中國(guó)的比例估計(jì)還沒(méi)那么高,但同樣,寫(xiě)字樓已經(jīng)不再像二十世紀(jì)工業(yè)文明時(shí)代那樣,僅僅是工廠的管理附屬,僅僅是企業(yè)的接待站,僅僅是管理者的門(mén)面,而真正成為了財(cái)富的聚集地。因?yàn)閷?xiě)字樓性質(zhì)的這一種根本性變化,寫(xiě)字樓開(kāi)發(fā),自然也越來(lái)越關(guān)注使用者,尤其是創(chuàng)造最大價(jià)值的員工本身的舒適、健康、個(gè)性化需求,能否激發(fā)使用者的靈感,進(jìn)行更有效率的腦力創(chuàng)造,成為衡量新時(shí)代寫(xiě)字樓的主要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?,F(xiàn)代辦公建筑開(kāi)發(fā),因而出現(xiàn)了以下一些新的趨勢(shì)。生態(tài)辦公綠色決定價(jià)值好幾年前,IBM就因?yàn)榄h(huán)境因素從中關(guān)村搬了出去,因?yàn)镮BM的全球?qū)懽謽嵌家裱?2攝氏度的辦公溫度標(biāo)準(zhǔn),用養(yǎng)熱帶魚(yú)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)養(yǎng)人、養(yǎng)設(shè)備,而中關(guān)村達(dá)不到這個(gè)要求。大企業(yè)的挑剔顯示了現(xiàn)代寫(xiě)字樓的最大特征生態(tài)辦公成為一種趨勢(shì),最貴的樓不再是最高的樓,而是環(huán)境最好、最舒適的樓。當(dāng)然,生態(tài)辦公不僅意味著小環(huán)境的綠色舒適,還意味著針對(duì)大環(huán)境的節(jié)能環(huán)保,既讓員工快樂(lè)工作,提高效率,更能節(jié)省使用費(fèi)用,讓老板快樂(lè)賺錢(qián)。高層生態(tài)寫(xiě)字樓第2頁(yè)對(duì)流;建筑與三個(gè)三角形的綠化庭園結(jié)合,為大廈雙面均提供了富有生機(jī)的綠色空間,讓人感覺(jué)就像在園林中辦公一樣。空調(diào)系統(tǒng)是生態(tài)寫(xiě)字樓的重要組成部分。像北京世紀(jì)財(cái)富中心、北京新保利大廈和深圳頂級(jí)寫(xiě)字樓華潤(rùn)大廈,都采用了VAV變風(fēng)量空調(diào)系統(tǒng),通過(guò)高效的空氣處理設(shè)備、VAV分風(fēng)箱以及高精度的DDC控制器(直接數(shù)字控制器),并配以初效、中效雙級(jí)過(guò)濾設(shè)備,令樓內(nèi)的空氣更加清新、舒適。在杭州,生態(tài)寫(xiě)字樓的建設(shè)剛剛起步,像黃龍世紀(jì)廣場(chǎng)用的是呼吸幕墻,濱江區(qū)的UT斯達(dá)康新大樓大面積采用LOWE玻璃,而黃龍區(qū)的公元大廈,則可以算得上是一個(gè)較為全方位的生態(tài)寫(xiě)字樓,采用了開(kāi)放式幕墻、外遮陽(yáng)板、內(nèi)充氬氣的LOWE中空玻璃、新冷媒超級(jí)變頻多聯(lián)中央空調(diào)、全熱交換器、節(jié)能水龍頭等一系列材料、設(shè)備,還有一個(gè)7000平方米的綠色中央庭院,非常難得。生態(tài)低層庭院式商務(wù)樓生態(tài)辦公更徹底一些,自然是直接搬到郊外的景觀辦公區(qū),趴在地面上,跟綠化結(jié)合,這在歐美已漸漸成為趨勢(shì),尤其是高科技、需要頭腦創(chuàng)意的企業(yè)。景觀辦公區(qū)來(lái)源于霍華德的“花園城市”理念,一般坐落于大城市邊緣的新城,低密度、小體量的辦公樓與優(yōu)美的綠色園林景觀有機(jī)結(jié)合,使工作者能在休閑的環(huán)境中產(chǎn)生更多的靈感。最典型的景觀辦公區(qū)是美國(guó)的硅谷,由各種各樣的商務(wù)花園群落組成,像著名的甲骨文公司就沿湖建造,整個(gè)建筑群在湖邊徐徐展開(kāi),景觀如畫(huà)。美國(guó)科羅拉多州奧羅拉市的水園辦公園區(qū),人工湖、小水池、瀑布、溪流,營(yíng)造出夢(mèng)幻般的水園景色,在里面辦公,自然是神清
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簡(jiǎn)介:此文檔是畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯成品(含英文原文中文翻譯),無(wú)需調(diào)整復(fù)雜的格式下載之后直接可用,方便快捷本文價(jià)格不貴,也就幾十塊錢(qián)一輩子也就一次的事外文標(biāo)題DESIGNANDIMPLEMENTATIONONWORKFLOWBASEDMOBILEOFFICEAUTOMATION外文作者QIANZHANG,QINGQINGZHANGANDYUNZEWANG文獻(xiàn)出處APPLIEDMECHANICSANDMATERIALSVOLS5565622018PP61196122如覺(jué)得年份太老,可改為近2年,畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文1924單詞,12021字符字符就是印刷符,中文3061漢字。DESIGNANDIMPLEMENTATIONONWORKFLOWBASEDMOBILEOFFICEAUTOMATIONQIANZHANG,QINGQINGZHANGANDYUNZEWANGKEYWORDSOFFICEAUTOMATIONWORKFLOWWORKFLOWMANAGEMENTSYSTEMMOBILEDEVICESIOSABSTRACTOAOFFICEAUTOMATION,OAHASBEENDEVELOPEDRAPIDLYINTHE1970SANDINTRODUCEDINTOCHINAINTHE1990S,ITHASENTEREDTHEHIGHSPEEDDEVELOPMENTSTAGEWITHTHERAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFMOBILEINTERNETTECHNOLOGY,ITWILLBEATRENDTOAPPLYSUCHAHIGHTECHTOOFFICEAUTOMATIONMEANTIME,THEREHASINTRODUCEDTHEWORKFLOWDEVELOPMENTAPPROACHTODEVELOPMENTINTHEOVERALLSYSTEMIMPLEMENTATIONTHISTHESISPRESENTSSTRATEGYONDESIGNANDIMPLEMENTATIONONWORKFLOWBASEDMOBILEOFFICEAUTOMATIONWITHTHERAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFMOBILEINTERNETTECHNOLOGY,ITWILLBEATRENDTOAPPLYSUCHAHIGHTECHTOOFFICEAUTOMATIONMEANTIME,THEREHASINTRODUCEDTHEWORKFLOWDEVELOPMENTAPPROACHTODEVELOPMENTINTHEOVERALLSYSTEMIMPLEMENTATIONTHISTHESISPRESENTSSTRATEGYONDESIGNANDIMPLEMENTATIONONWORKFLOWBASEDONMOBILEOFFICEAUTOMATIONINTRODUCTIONTHECONCEPTOFWORKFLOWWORKFLOWORIGINATEDINTHEFIELDOFPRODUCTIONMANAGEMENTANDOFFICEAUTOMATION,ITSESSENCEISTHEWORKFLOWWORKORGANIZATIONACCORDINGTOCERTAINRULESOFLOGICANDTASKS,IMPLEMENTATION,ANDPUTTHECOMPUTERINTHISLOGICANDRULESWITHCERTAINMATHEMATICALMODELSDESIGNEDANDCONSTRUCTEDANDITSCALCULATIONSBACKGROUNDSOFGENERALAPPLICATIONWORKFLOWIMPLEMENTATIONARETHEUSEOFCOMPUTERSINORDERTOACHIEVEABUSINESSOBJECTIVE,AMONGANUMBEROFPARTICIPANTS,ACCORDINGTOPREDETERMINEDRULESAUTOMATICALLYPASSEDDOCUMENTS,INFORMATIONORTASKSSIMPLYPUT,BUSINESSPROCESSESCANBESEENASARIVER,THEWORKFLOWISINACCORDANCEWITHCERTAINRULESFORMUTUALCONVERGENCEPROCESSINGBUSINESSACTIVITIESTHEENTIREBUSINESSPROCESSCANBEREGARDEDASARIVER,WHICHFLOWINGTHROUGHTHERIVERISTHEWORKFLOWPARTOFAWORKFLOWBELONGCOMPUTERSUPPORTEDCOOPERATIVEWORKCOMPUTERSUPPORTEDCOOPERATIVEWORK,CSCWTHEPURPOSEOFWORKFLOWMANAGEMENTSYSTEMISTOACHIEVETHEMANAGEMENTPROCESSAUTOMATION,ISRESPONSIBLEFORTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFWORKFLOWMANAGEMENTWORKFLOWMANAGEMENTSYSTEM,ISTHEORDEROFBUSINESSPROCESSESTOWORKOUTTHERULESOFABSTRACTIONTOSEPARATETHELOGICANDPROCESSESSPECIFICWORKORGANIZATIONDESIGNEDTOASSISTINTHEENTERPRISEMANAGEMENTSYSTEM,WORKFLOW,DEVELOPERSCANPROGRAMINTERFACEANDPROTOCOLPROCESSINGSYSTEMACCORDINGTODEVELOPAMOREFLEXIBLESYSTEMWHENEVENTUALLYCHANGEBUSINESSPROCESSES,USERSDONOTNEEDTOREDEVELOPTHETRANSACTIONPROCESSINGSYSTEM,THEYCANCHANGETHEIRWORKFLOWANALYSISDEMANDFORMOBILEOFFICESOFTWARESYSTEMSDURINGDEVELOPMENTOFFICESOFTWARESYSTEMS,PROGRAMMERSMUSTBESTRICTLYBUSINESSPROCESSESANDCORPORATEOFFICE,CONSISTENTWITHTHEDESIGNANDDEVELOPMENTREQUIREMENTSACCORDINGTOTHEACTUALNEEDSOFUSERS,INACCORDANCEWITHTHEOVERALLPLANNING,CONSTRUCTION,SUPPORTTHEPRINCIPLEOFDEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENTOFSOFTWARESYSTEMSREQUIRESACERTAINPERIOD,ATEACHSTEPOFTHECYCLE,THEYSHOULDENSURETHEQUALITYOFTHEDEVELOPERREQUIREDTOUSEAVARIETYOFPRODUCTIVITYTOOLS,EACH6120MECHATRONICSENGINEERING,COMPUTINGANDINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYOFFICEAUTOMATIONINFORMATIONSYSTEMISIMPLEMENTEDINTHESAMEENTERPRISEINFORMATIONPLATFORMFILES,OTHERASPECTSOFPERSONNEL,INFORMATIONTRANSMISSIONANDINTEGRATEDMANAGEMENTINORDERTOAVOIDTHEELIMINATIONOFINTERNALCOMMUNICATIONSTOSHAREINFORMATIONBETWEENCOMPANIESANDEMPLOYEES,BETWEENSUPERIORSANDSUBORDINATES,COLLABORATIVEOFFICEITSMAINPURPOSEISTOIMPROVETHEENTERPRISEMANAGEMENTLEVELANDIMPROVESTAFFEFFICIENCYASTHEULTIMATEGOALIOSBASEDSYSTEMDESIGNEXPERIENCEDEVELOPINGOFFICEAUTOMATIONSYSTEM,WESHOULDFOLLOWTHEFOLLOWINGDESIGNPRINCIPLES1DESIGNEDTOMEETTHENEEDSOFMOBILEDEVICEAPPLICATIONS2MEMORY,MINIMIZINGTHEUSEOFNETWORKRESOURCES,OPTIMIZATION3DESIGN,ASDIRECTSUPPORTFORAPPLICATIONDEVELOPMENTUSINGIOSTECHNOLOGIESANDPROPRIETARYTECHNOLOGY4USINGALAYEREDARCHITECTURE,DESIGNFULLYDECOUPLEDSUPPORTSOMETECHNOLOGYUPGRADES,FUNCTIONALANDEASYTOEXPAND5ONTHEEFFICIENCYANDPERFORMANCEGUARANTEE,YOUCANUSETHIRDPARTYDEVELOPMENTKITSIOS6SOFTWARESECURITYISNOTLESSTHANTHEORIGINALBUSINESSSYSTEM7THEPRINCIPLEOFCONSISTENCYUSEREXPERIENCECONSISTENCY,CONSISTENCYSHOULDFOCUSONTHEUSERINTERFACELEVEL,FLOW,METHODSOFOPERATION,PAGELAYOUTEXPERIENCETHROUGHPRACTICALRESEARCHINSCHOOLSFOUNDTHATSCHOOLSWANTTOUNDERSTANDTHEDIFFERENTEMPLOYEESAFTERLOGGINGSYSTEM,FORTHEINFORMATIONCONTENTOFTHEIROWNAUTHORITYATAGLANCE,INCLUDINGTHEIROWNBUSINESSPROCESSESTOBETREATED,WORK,ANDPUBLICRELEASEOFINFORMATION,SOTHATWECANLETSTAFFINITIATIVETOUNDERSTAND,DEALWITHTHEIROWNWORK,ITISREASONABLETOARRANGETHEVARIOUSPARTSOFTHEIROWNWORKINGHOURSWITHTHERAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFNETWORKTECHNOLOGY,IOSBASEDOFFICESYSTEMSCANMAKELEADERSANYWHERECANHANDLEAVARIETYOFDOCUMENTSTOSIGN,CANEFFICIENTLYHANDLEAVARIETYOFROUTINEHELPEDLEADTHECOMPLEXWORKUSINGREASONABLEWORKFLOWMANUALTRANSMISSIONCANMAXIMIZESAVINGSTIMEOVERALLSYSTEMDESIGNPROCESSIOSSOFTWARERUNNINGONTHESYSTEMPLATFORM,HOSTEDONMOBILEDEVICES,INCLUDINGMOBILEPHONESANDTABLETSSOFTWAREDESIGNGOALSOASYSTEMIMPLEMENTEDONTHEPARTOFIOSSOFTWAREFEATUR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簡(jiǎn)介:字?jǐn)?shù)英文字?jǐn)?shù)英文34513451單詞,單詞,1897518975字符;中文字符;中文61006100漢字漢字出處出處FERRADAFERRADAX,X,Nú?EZ?EZD,D,NEYEMNEYEMA,A,ETETALALALESSONSLEARNEDLESSONSLEARNEDSYSTEMSYSTEMFORFORCONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTIONPROJECTPROJECTMANAGEMENTMANAGEMENTAPRELIMINARYPRELIMINARYAPPLICATIONJAPPLICATIONJPROCEDIAPROCEDIASOCIALSOCIALANDANDBEHAVIORALBEHAVIORALSCIENCES,SCIENCES,2016,2016,226226302309302309外文文獻(xiàn)外文文獻(xiàn)ALESSONSLEARNEDSYSTEMFORCONSTRUCTIONPROJECTMANAGEMENTAPRELIMINARYAPPLICATIONABSTRACTCONSTRUCTIONCOMPANIESAREPROJECTBASEDORGANIZATIONS,SINCEMUCHOFTHEIRKNOWLEDGEISGENERATEDONSITE,FROMPROJECTSTHEYCARRYOUTINFACT,PROJECTSAREANIMPORTANTSOURCEOFEXPERTKNOWHOWANDORGANIZATIONALKNOWLEDGE,BUTLESSONSLEARNEDFROMTHEMARENOTSYSTEMATICALLYINCORPORATEDINTOSUBSEQUENTPROJECTS,EVIDENCINGALACKOFKNOWLEDGEMANAGEMENTANDLEARNINGCULTUREINLOCALCONSTRUCTIONCOMPANIESTHISARTICLEDESCRIBESARESEARCHEFFORTTHATADDRESSEDTHISSITUATIONANDDEVELOPEDALESSONSLEARNEDSYSTEMTOHELPCONSTRUCTIONCOMPANIESTOOVERCOMETHESELIMITATIONSAMULTIPLECASESTUDYMETHODOLOGYWASAPPLIEDTOUNDERSTANDTHEKNOWLEDGEANDLEARNINGREALITIESANDNEEDSOFTHREECHILEANCONSTRUCTIONCOMPANIESBASEDONTHESERESULTS,AMOBILECLOUDSHAREDWORKSPACETOSUPPORTKNOWLEDGEMANAGEMENTWASDEVELOPEDRESULTSSHOWTHATMAJORCONCERNSOFUSERSAREASSOCIATEDWITHHOWTHESYSTEMACKNOWLEDGESTHEPARTICULARITIESOFCONSTRUCTIONPROJECTSANDHOWITWILLBEINCORPORATEDINTODAILYACTIVITIESMAINCONCLUSIONSINDICATETHAT1COMPANIESACKNOWLEDGETHENEEDTODEVELOPACULTUREOFINNOVATIONWITHINTHEORGANIZATION,2USERSCONSIDERTHESYSTEMASATOOLTHATCOULDREALLYCONTRIBUTETOIMPROVETHECONSTRUCTIONPROJECTMANAGEMENTPROCESS,AND3THESYSTEMNEEDSIMPROVEMENTSREGARDINGDATABASESEARCHANDTHEINTERNETSUPPORTBEFOREBEINGFULLYIMPLEMENTEDINTHECOMPANYASAPROJECTMANAGEMENTTOOLKNOWLEDGEDURINGTHECONSTRUCTIONPROJECTMANAGEMENTPROCESSTHEPLATFORMINTENDSTOIMPROVETHEDECISIONMAKINGANDCOORDINATIONPROCESSESAMONGPROJECTMANAGERS,PROJECTSUPERVISORS,QUALITYCHIEF,OPERATIONSMANAGERANDOTHERCONSTRUCTIONPROFESSIONALSTHISARTICLEPRESENTSTHERESULTSOFANEVALUATIONOFAPROTOTYPEOFTHEMOBILECLOUDSHAREDWORKSPACETHENEXTSECTIONSINCLUDEALITERATUREREVIEWONTHEMAINTOPICSRELATEDTOTHESTUDY,THERESEARCHMETHODOLOGY,ANDTHEPROTOTYPESYSTEMANDTHEIREVALUATIONBYUSERS,FOLLOWEDBYTHEMAINCONCLUSIONSOFTHESTUDY2LESSONSLEARNEDLESSONS–LEARNEDLLAREELEMENTSOFBOTHORGANIZATIONALLEARNINGANDKNOWLEDGEMANAGEMENTCARRILLO,2005ALESSONLEARNEDISDEFINEDASKNOWLEDGEGAINEDFROMEXPERIENCE,SUCCESSFULOROTHERWISE,FORTHEPURPOSEOFIMPROVINGFUTUREPERFORMANCECONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYINSTITUTE,2007INTHISREGARD,HAVINGLLPROGRAMSHAVEBECOMECRITICALFORCONSTRUCTIONCOMPANIES,GIVENTHEGLOBALIZATIONOFPROJECTEXECUTION,ANDTHEFACTTHATACONSIDERABLENUMBEROFEMPLOYEESAREAPPROACHINGRETIREMENTCALDASETAL,2009INTHISREGARD,WHATHASMOTIVATEDCONSTRUCTIONCOMPANIESTOCONDUCTLLSISPARANAGAMAGEETAL,20121TOLEARNFROMSIMILARPASTPROJECTSTOAVOIDREPEATINGMISTAKES,2TOENSURETHATPASTSUCCESSESAREREPLICATEDINFUTUREPROJECTS,3TOGAINCOMPETITIVEEDGEOVERCOMPANIES,4TOAVOIDCORPORATE“BRAINDRAIN”,AND5TOENCOURAGEINNOVATIONABOUTLESSONSRECORDEDBYCONSTRUCTIONPROFESSIONALS,THEREARETHREEIMPORTANTPHENOMENATOCONSIDEREDFONG2THEFREQUENCYOFRECORDINGBADPRACTICESORFAILURESISMUCHLOWERTHANTHATOFRECORDINGGOODONESAND3MOSTOFTHERECORDEDGOOD/BADPRACTICESAREFORINDIVIDUALUSE,BUTNOTFORTHETEAMORORGANIZATIONALUSETHELEADINGREASONSFORTHISBEHAVIORARELACKOFEMPLOYEES’TIME,LACKOFMANAGEMENTSUPPORT,ANDLACKOFINCENTIVES,RESOURCESORGUIDELINESWILLIAMS,2008
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上傳時(shí)間:2024-03-16
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