簡介：附錄ANAEROBICTHIOSULFATELEACHINGDEVELOPMENTOFINSITUGOLDLEACHINGSYSTEMSJAHEATH,MIJEFFREY,HGZHANG,JARUMBALLABSTRACTFERRICEDTAANDFERRICOXALATECOMPLEXESAREBOTHEFFECTIVEOXIDANTSFORTHEAEROBICANDANAEROBICDISSOLUTIONOFGOLDINTHIOSULFATESOLUTIONS,ANDTHEREFOREAREPOTENTIALCANDIDATESFORTHEDEVELOPMENTOFANINSITULEACHINGSYSTEMTHETHIOSULFATEANDPOLYTHIONATESWEREQUANTIFIEDDURINGLEACHINGUSINGHPLCWITHPERCHLORATEELUENTANDANANIONEXCHANGECOLUMN,ANDITWASFOUNDTHATBOTHTHEIRONEDTAANDOXALATECOMPLEXESHAVEALOWREACTIVITYWITHTHIOSULFATE,ANDTHEYDONOTREACTWITHTHIOUREAWHENITISADDEDASALEACHINGCATALYSTANAEROBICLEACHINGEXPERIMENTSSHOWEDTHATBOTHSYSTEMSWERESTILLACTIVEAFTERSEVENDAYSLEACHING,ANDWHEN1MMTHIOUREAWASPRESENT,THEREWASSIGNIFICANTGOLDDISSOLUTIONHOWEVERINTHEABSENCEOFTHIOUREA,THEGOLDLEACHINGWASVERYSLOW,ANDHENCETHEADDITIONOFTHIOUREAASAGOLDOXIDATIONCATALYSTISREQUIREDFORTHEIRONIIILEACHINGSYSTEMSWHENANAEROBICLEACHINGWASCARRIEDOUTINTHEPRESENCEOFFINELYGROUNDPYRITE,THEIRONIIICOMPLEXWASRAPIDLYREDUCEDTOIRONIIASARESULTOFTHEPYRITECATALYSEDOXIDATIONOFTHIOSULFATEPYRRHOTITEWASALSOFOUNDTOBEPROBLEMATICASITDIRECTLYREDUCEDTHEIRONIIICOMPLEX,ANDTHEREFORETHEQUANTITYOFGOLDLEACHEDWASSIGNIFICANTLYLOWERINTHEPRESENCEOFBOTHTHESESULFIDEMINERALSTHESEPROBLEMSASSOCIATEDNEEDTOBEOVERCOMEIFSUCHASYSTEMISTOBEUSEDINANINSITULEACHENVIRONMENT1INTRODUCTIONINSITULEACHINGHASBEENINUSESINCETHEMID1970’SINTHEUNITEDSTATESANDTHEFORMERSOVIETUNIONFORPRODUCINGREFINEDURANIUMMUDD,2001A,BITHASRECENTLYBEENIMPLEMENTEDATBEVERLEY2000,ANDISSOONTOBEUSEDATHONEYMOONWELLINDECREASEASTHEREACTIONPROCEEDSBREUERANDJEFFREY,2000,ANDHENCEDISSOLVEDOXYGENISREQUIREDTOOXIDISECOPPERITHIOSULFATEBACKTOACOPPERIIAMMINETHISHASBEENDEMONSTRATEDBYANUMBEROFAUTHORS,ANDAGOODSUMMARYOFTHIOSULFATELEACHINGEXPERIMENTSUNDERTAKENINTHEPRESENCEANDABSENCEOFAIRSPARGINGAREPRESENTEDBYSENANAYAKE2007SINCETHEADDITIONORCONTROLOFOXYGENUNDERGROUNDISLIKELYTOBEDIFFICULT,THECOPPERAMMONIASYSTEMISUNLIKELYTOBEEFFECTIVEFORANINSITULEACHINGENVIRONMENTHOWEVERTWOPROMISINGIRONIIIOXIDANTSHAVEBEENINDEPENDENTLYDEVELOPEDONEUSINGETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETICACIDFORMINGFEEDTA_ZHANGETAL,2005,ANDTHEOTHERUSINGOXALATEFORMINGFEC2O433_CHANDRAANDJEFFREY,2005BOTHOFTHESECOMPLEXESAREVERYSTABLE,WITHLOGBFEEDTA_251SMITHANDMARTELL,1989ANDLOGBFEC2O433186SMITHANDMARTELL,1977THEMAINADVANTAGEINUSINGIRONIIIBASEDOXIDANTSISTHATTHEYHAVEBEENCLAIMEDTOUNREACTIVETOWARDSTHIOSULFATECOMPAREDTOCOPPERIIAMMINETHEREFORE,THEYMAYPOTENTIALLYBEUSEDINANANAEROBICENVIRONMENT,SINCEOXYGENMAYNOTBEREQUIREDTOREGENERATETHEOXIDANTANOTHERADVANTAGEOFTHEIRONIIIOXIDANTSISTHATAMMONIAISNOTREQUIREDTOSTABILISETHEOXIDANTTHISENABLESTHEIRPOTENTIALIMPLEMENTATIONINTOENVIRONMENTSWHERELEGISLATIONISSTRICTONTHEUSEANDRELEASEOFAMMONIAINTOTHEENVIRONMENTTHEFOCUSOFTHISWORKWASTOEVALUATEALTERNATIVEOXIDANTSFORTHEINSITU,THIOSULFATELEACHINGOFGOLDEMPHASISWASPLACEDONEVALUATIONOFIRONIIIBASEDOXIDANTSINANAEROBICORLOWOXYGENENVIRONMENTS,TOSIMULATECONDITIONSLIKELYTOBEFOUNDINDEPOSITSSUCHASTHEVICTORIANDEEPLEADS2EXPERIMENTALMETHODS21AEROBICLEACHINGTHEAEROBICLEACHINGEXPERIMENTSWERECARRIEDOUTUSINGASTANDARDGLASSELECTROCHEMICALCELLTHEMAINCELLCOMPARTMENTHADALUGGINCAPILLARYWITHAREFERENCEELECTRODEATTACHEDTHROUGHTHEBOTTOMBYAWATERPROOFSCREWFITTINGTHEGOLDSAMPLEUSEDWASAROTATINGDISCELECTRODERDE,17MM,9999PURITYTHEREFERENCEELECTRODEUSEDWASANACTIVONSINGLEJUNCTIONSATURATEDCALOMELREFERENCEELECTRODE

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簡介：附錄A

簡介：JURNALPENGURUSAN24200577103EARNINGSMANAGEMENTANDBOARDCHARACTERISTICSEVIDENCEFROMMALAYSIANORMANMOHDSALEHTAKIAHMOHDISKANDARMOHDMOHIDRAHMATABSTRACTTHEMALAYSIANCODEOFCORPORATEGOVERNANCEWASINTRODUCEDTOIMPROVETHEMONITORINGFUNCTIONOFTHEBOARDOFDIRECTORS,AUDITCOMMITTEEANDTHEEXTERNALAUDITTHISSTUDYASSESSESTHEEFFECTIVENESSOFSOMEBOARDCHARACTERISTICSTOMONITORMANAGEMENTBEHAVIORWITHRESPECTTOTHEIRINCENTIVESTOMANAGEEARNINGSWEFOUNDDISCRETIONARYACCRUALSASAPROXYFOREARNINGSMANAGEMENTISNEGATIVELYRELATEDTOMANAGEMENTOWNERSHIP,BUTPOSITIVELYRELATEDTOTHEEXISTENCEOFCEOCHAIRMANDUALITY,AFTERCONTROLLINGFORSIZE,LEVERAGEANDPERFORMANCETHERESULTSHOWSMULTIPLEDIRECTORSHIPSFACTORISNEGATIVELYRELATEDTOEARNINGSMANAGEMENTPROXYONLYINFIRMSWITHNEGATIVEUNMANAGEDEARNINGSTHISIMPLIESMULTIPLEDIRECTORSHIPSFACTORISEFFECTIVETODETECTEARNINGSMANAGEMENTPRACTICESTOAVOIDLOSSESEXAMINATIONOFTHEDATAALSOSHOWSTHATTHERATIOOFINDEPENDENTBOARDMEMBERSISNOTSIGNIFICANTLYRELATEDTOEARNINGSMANAGEMENTINFIRMSWITHDUALITYSTATUSABSTRAKKODTADBIRURUSKORPORATDIPERKENALKANDIMALAYSIAUNTUKMENINGKATKANKEBERKESANANFUNGSIPEMANTAUANLEMBAGAPENGARAH,JAWATANKUASAAUDITDANAUDITLUARANKAJIANINIMENILAIKEBERKESANANCIRITERTENTULEMBAGAPENGARAHDALAMMEMANTAUKELAKUANPIHAKPENGURUSANBERHUBUNGDENGANINSENTIFUNTUKMENGURUSPEROLEHANKAJIANINIMENDAPATIAKRUANBOLEHPILIHYANGMENJADIPROKSIKEPADAPENGURUSANPEROLEHANMEMPUNYAIHUBUNGANYANGNEGATIFDENGANPEMILIKANPENGURUSAN,DANMEMPUNYAIHUBUNGANYANGPOSITIFDENGANKEWUJUDANCEOPENGERUSIBERDWIPERANAN,SETELAHMENGAWALFAKTORFAKTORSAIZ,LEVERAJDANPRESTASIHASILKAJIANJUGAMENUNJUKKANBAHAWAFAKTORPENGARAHBERBILANGMEMPUNYAIHUBUNGANYANGNEGATIFDENGANPROKSIPENGURUSANPEROLEHANTETAPIHANYABAGISYARIKATYANGMENCATATKANPEROLEHANTIDAKDIURUSYANGNEGATIFKEADAANINIMENGGAMBARKANFAKTORPENGARAHBERBILANGADALAHEFEKTIFBAGIMENGESANAMALANPENGURUSANPEROLEHANYANGBERTUJUANUNTUKMENGELAKKERUGIANPEMERIKSAANKEATASDATAJUGAMENUNJUKANNISBAHAHLILEMBAGAPENGARAHBEBASTIDAKMEMPUNYAIHUBUNGANDENGANPENGURUSANPEROLEHANDALAMFIRMAYANGMEMPUNYAICEOPENGERUSIBERDWIPERANANINTRODUCTIONEARNINGSMANAGEMENTANDBOARDCHARACTERISTICS79EXPECTEDASSOCIATIONSBETWEENSOMECORPORATEGOVERNANCECHARACTERISTICSANDEARNINGSMANAGEMENTNEXT,THERESEARCHMETHODANDDATACOLLECTINGPROCESSAREDESCRIBED,FOLLOWEDBYADISCUSSIONOFTHEEMPIRICALRESULTSANDSENSITIVITYANALYSESTHEPAPERENDSWITHACONCLUSIONFINANCIALREPORTINGENVIRONMENTINMALAYSIATHEAPPROVEDACCOUNTINGSTANDARDSISSUEDBYTHEMALAYSIANACCOUNTINGSTANDARDSBOARDMASBAREBASICALLYDEVELOPEDBASEDONTHEINTERNATIONALACCOUNTINGSTANDARDSIASINTHEEARLYSTAGEOFTHEPROFESSIONALDEVELOPMENT,MALAYSIAMODELEDCLOSELYTHEUKFINANCIALREPORTINGSYSTEMWITHTHEEMPHASISGIVENONTHECOMPANIESACT1965INREGULATINGTHEREPORTINGPRACTICESTAKIAHETAL2003TAN2000THECOMPANIESACT1965OFMALAYSIADEALSWITHFUNDAMENTALRULESGOVERNINGPROCEDURESFORINCORPORATION,CONSTITUTIONALSTRUCTUREANDDISSOLUTIONOFCOMPANIESTHEACTTHROUGHTHENINTHSCHEDULE,WHICHWASREVISEDIN1985,PRESCRIBESTHEMINIMUMDISCLOSUREREQUIREMENTSTHEDIRECTORSHAVETOPRESENTTOSHAREHOLDERSANAUDITEDPROFITANDLOSSSTATEMENTS,ANAUDITEDBALANCESHEET,ADIRECTOR’SREPORT,ASTATEMENTOFCHANGESINFINANCIALPOSITIONANDNOTESTOTHEACCOUNTSHOWEVER,THEACTDOESNOTMAKEANYREFERENCETOACCOUNTINGSTANDARDSISSUEDBYPROFESSIONALACCOUNTINGBODIESDURINGTHISEARLYSTAGE,THEMALAYSIANINSTITUTEOFACCOUNTANTSMIAANDTHEMALAYSIANINSTITUTEOFCERTIFIEDPUBLICACCOUNTANTSMICPA,THENKNOWNASTHEMALAYSIANASSOCIATIONOFCERTIFIEDPUBLICACCOUNTANTSMACPA,ADOPTEDTHEINTERNATIONALACCOUNTINGSTANDARDSIASSINADDITION,CUSTOMIZEDMALAYSIANACCOUNTINGSTANDARDSMASSWEREISSUEDTODEALWITHDOMESTICACCOUNTINGSPECIFICISSUESBY1997,ATOTALOF24IASSAND8MASSWEREISSUEDHOWEVER,THEREWASNOREGULATORYMECHANISMTOENFORCETHECOMPLIANCETOTHESESTANDARDSASMANDATORYTAN2000AREVIEWMECHANISMWASSETUPBYBOTHMIAANDMICPATHROUGHTHEIROWNFINANCIALSTATEMENTREVIEWCOMMITTEETHATCONDUCTTHOROUGHREVIEWSOFFINANCIALSTATEMENTSPREPAREDANDAUDITEDBYTHEIRMEMBERSDEPARTURESFROMAPPROVEDSTANDARDSMAYRESULTINAFORMALENQUIRYBEINGCONDUCTEDANDACTIONMAYBETAKENIFFOUNDGUILTYTAN2000INORDERTOESTABLISHAREGULATORYMECHANISM,THEFINANCIALREPORTINGACT,1997WASPASSED,UNDERWHICHTHEMASBWASFORMEDTHEFINANCIALREPORTINGACT1997SETSOUTREGULATIONSABOUTTHEFINANCIALREPORTINGITGIVESSTATUTORYPOWERTOTHEMALAYSIANACCOUNTINGSTANDARDSBOARDMASBTOISSUEREPORTINGSTANDARDSANDMADECOMPLIANCETOTHESTANDARDSMANDATORYTHEMASBWASGIVENTHEAUTHORITYTOISSUE,REVIEW,REVISEORADOPTACCOUNTINGSTANDARDSWITHTHEESTABLISHMENTOFMASB,ALLIASSPREVIOUSLYADOPTEDAREREVIEWEDANDREVISEDORREPLACEDBYSTANDARDSKNOWNASMASBACCOUNTINGSTANDARDSBOTHTHEFINANCIALREPORTINGACT1997ANDTHECOMPANIESACT1965

簡介：英文原文MULTICRITERIASELECTIONOFELECTRICPOWERPLANTSUSINGANALYTICALHIERARCHYPROCESSABSTRACTTHISPAPERUSESANALYTICALHIERARCHYPROCESSAHPMETHODOLOGYTOPERFORMACOMPARISONBETWEENTHEDIFFERENTELECTRICITYPOWERPRODUCTIONOPTIONSINJORDANTHESYSTEMSWHICHWERECONSIDERED,INADDITIONTOFOSSILFUELPOWERPLANTS,ARENUCLEAR,SOLAR,WIND,ANDHYDROPOWERRESULTSONCOSTTOBENEFITRATIOSSHOWTHATSOLAR,WIND,ENDHYDROPOWERMAYBETHEBESTALTERNATIVESFORELECTRICPOWERPRODUCTIONNUCLEARELECTRICITYTURNSOUTTOBETHEWORSTCHOICE,FOLLOWEDBYFOSSILFUELELECTRICPOWER1INTRODUCTIONJORDANISANONOILPRODUCINGMIDDLEEASTERNCOUNTRYITRELIESHEAVILYONIMPORTINGOILFROMNEIGHBORINGCOUNTRIESMOSTOFTHEELECTRICPOWERTHATISGENERATEDTOSERVEDIFFERENTSECTORSOFTHECOUNTRYISPRODUCEDFROMPOWERPLANTSTHATUSEFOSSILFUELTHISFUELISEITHERTOTALLYIMPORTEDSUCHASPETROLEUMHYDROCARBONFUEL,ORPARTIALLYLOCALONLYWITHSMALLPERCENTAGESUCHASNATURALGASTHE1996ELECTRICALENERGYCONSUMPTIONINJORDANREACHEDAVALUEOF6000GWHABOUT93OFHISAMOUNTWASPRODUCEDBYTHENATIONALELECTRICPOWERCOMPANYNEPCOWHICHISTHEMAINELECTRICITYSUPPLIERINTHECOUNTRY1OTHEROPTIONSORALTERNATIVESOFENERGYSOURCESFORELECTRICPOWERGENERATIONMUSTTEECONSIDEREDTHESEOPTIONSMAYINCLUDENUCLEAR,SOLAR,WIND,ORHYDROELECTRICENERGIESTHEJORDANIANEXPERIENCEWITHELECTRICITYGENERATIONUSINGSOLARANDWINDENERGYTECHNOLOGYHASBEENONTHESMALLANDEXPERIMENTALSCALETHESERENEWABLEENERGYSYSTEMSWEREUTILIZEDINMOSTLYREMOTEAREASOFJORDANTHEYAREUSEDTOGENERATEELECTRICPOWERFORINDIVIDUALAPPLICATIONSUCHASCLINICS,LIGHTING,ANDEDUCATIONALTELEVISIONSETSTHEREMOTEVILLAGEOFJURFELDARAWEESHLOCATEDINTHEJORDANDESERTOFAPOPULATIONOF600,ISTHEBESTEXAMPLE2THENECESSARYELECTRICALENERGYISTOTALLYSUPPLIEDBYSOLARANDWINDENERGYCONVERSIONSYSTEMSINTHISPAPER,OILFIREDPOWERPLANTSINADDITIONTOOTHERALTERNATIVESAREBEINGEVALUATEDTHEOTHERALTERNATIVESINCLUDENUCLEAR,SOLAR,WINDANDHYDROPOWERABRIEFDESCRIPTIONOFVARIOUSPOWERPLANTTECHNOLOGIESWILLBEPRESENTEDUSINGADECISIONSUPPORTSYSTEMTHROUGHAMULTIPLECRITERIAANALYSIS,SUCHASAHP,ANATTEMPTWILLBEMADETOASSISTDECISIONMAKERSTOEVALUATETHEUSEOFTHEABOVETECHNOLOGIESWHICHCANBEMOSTSUITABLEFORELECTRICALPOWERPRODUCTIONINJORDAN2FOSSILFUELELECTRICALPOWERPLANTSINGENERAL,FOSSILFUELSARENONRENEWABLETHEYORIGINATEFROMTHEEARTHASARESULTOFDECOMPOSITIONANDCHEMICALCONVERSIONOFORGANICMATERIALSTHEYCOMEINTHREEORGANICFORMS1SOLID,EGCOALANDOILSHALE2LIQUID,EGMOSTPETROLEUMPRODUCTS,AND3GAS,EGNATURALGASCOALREPRESENTSTHELARGESTFOSSILFUELENERGYRESOURCEINELECTRICPOWERGENERATION3,4OILSHALEISAFOSSILFUELTHATEXISTSINTOBEONEOFTHELEASTEXPENSIVEFORMSOFNEWELECTRICALGENERATIONINTHETWENTYFIRSTCENTURY22WITHGLOBALEFFORTSTOBECOMETOUGHONFOSSILFUELRELATEDENERGYSYSTEMSANDTOREDUCETHEEMISSIONSOFCO2SIGNIFICANTLY,THISWILLMOSTLIKELYINTRODUCELOWERCOSTWINDSYSTEMSFOREXAMPLE,LARGEWINDPOWERPLANTSATGOODWINDSITESUSINGEMERGINGTECHNOLOGIESCANDELIVERELECTRICITYINTOUTILITYGRIDATLOWPRICESTHATAREBECOMINGCOMPETITIVEWITHTHOSEOFCONVENTIONALPOWERGENERATIONWINDPOWERPLANTSCANUSEHUNDREDSOFWINDTURBINESTHATRANGEINSIZEFROM50TO500KWEACHLOCATEDINSOMEREMOTEAREASTHEPLANT’SCOMPUTERIZEDANDCONTROLCENTEROPERATESSIMILARTOFOSSILFUELPLANTS,EXCEPTITDOESNOTHAVETOBEINSIGHTOFTURBINESINARECENTSTUDYAMODELOFWINDPOWERPLANTFORISOLATEDLOCATIONWASPRESENTED23INCREASESINTHEPRICESOFFUELANDCOSTOFFOSSILFUELPLANTSANDINRELYINGLESSONNONRENEWABLEENERGYRESOURCES,DECREASETHEVALUEANDCOSTOFWINDPOWERGENERATIONSYSTEMSSIGNIFICANTLY24,25THEREARENUMBEROFSITESINJORDANWITHPOTENTIALLYHIGHWINDSPEEDS,THATCANBEUTILIZEDFORTHISPURPOSE26,27HABALIETAL27HAVEPRESENTEDANEVALUATIONOFWINDENERGYINJORDANANDITSAPPLICATIONFORELECTRICALPOWERGENERATIONATOTALOF11WINDSITESWERECONSIDEREDCOVERINGTHEENTIRECOUNTRYTHETHREEMOSTPOTENTIALSITESINJORDANAREFOUNDTOBERASMUNEEF,MAFRAQ,ANDAQABATHEYHAVEWINDSPEEDSTHATRANGEFROM4TO23MSTHROUGHOUT80OFTHEWHOLEYEAR5HYDROELECTRICPOWERPLANTSHYDROELECTRICPOWERPLANTSCANPROVIDEABASISFOREVALUATINGTHEPOTENTIALOFRENEWABLESOURCESOFENERGYWHENCOMPAREDTOOTHERTHERMALPOWERPLANTS,THEYAREFOUNDTOBECONVENTIONALANDRELIABLESOMECOUNTRIESUTILIZETHISFORMOFFREENATURALENERGYINTOUSEFULTYPEOFELECTRICALPOWERFOREXAMPLE,11OFTHEELECTRICPOWERPRODUCEDINTHEUSAWASPROVIDEDBYHYDROELECTRICPOWER4EGYPTANDTURKEY,COUNTRIESOFTHISREGION,ALSOUTILIZETHISTYPEOFPOWERFORGENERATINGELECTRICITYATLOWCOSTSANUMBEROFSTUDIESWEREINVOLVEDINUTILIZINGHYDROPOWERINJORDANFORTHEPURPOSEOFELECTRICITYPRODUCTION28,WATERDESALINATION29,30,ANDBOTHELECTRICITYPRODUCTIONANDWATERDESALINATION8,31THESESTUDIES,MAINLY,CONSIDEREDTHELINKAGEOFREDANDDEADSEASWITHACANALTOGENERATEHYDROPOWERTHEDEADSEAISABOUT400MBELOWSEALEVELBSL,ITISROUGHLY200KMTOTHENORTHOFTHEGULFOFAQABAITISANEXTENSIONOFTHEREDSEATHEDEADSEAHASNOOUTLETITSWATERLEVELISAFUNCTIONOFINFLOWANDEVAPORATIONOFWATERFORTHOUSANDSOFYEARSTHEDEADSEAMAINTAINEDANEQUILIBRIUMWITHTHEANNUALINFLOWANDEVAPORATIONOFWATERTHISRESULTEDINACONSTANTSEALEVELFOREXAMPLE,IN1930THESURFACEOFTHEDEADSEAWASMEASUREDATITSHISTORICALELEVATIONOFABOUT390MBSLTHEJORDANRIVERISCONSIDEREDTOBETHEMAINTRIBUTARYOFTHEDEADSEAOVERTHEYEARSDUETOINCREASEINPOPULATIONANDAGRICULTURALDEVELOPMENT,WATERWASDIVERTEDFORIRRIGATIONINTHEJORDANVALLEYANDNEIGHBORINGCOUNTRIESTHEREFORE,ITSELEVATIONWASFORCEDTODROP,DRASTICALLYI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簡介：1附錄附錄A3

簡介：中文中文5440字出處出處ENERGYFUELS,2011,25729392944能源與燃料關(guān)于利用CEO2/ΓAL2O3來脫除氣態(tài)汞的實驗研究摘要摘要在氮氣、氧氣、一氧化氮、二氧化硫和水蒸氣中對浸漬了二氧化鈰的三氧化二鋁進(jìn)行脫汞能力實驗。利用BET比表面積分析儀、X射線衍射和熱重分析法來表征樣本。分析了CEO2的負(fù)載值、反應(yīng)溫度、反應(yīng)時間，煙氣中SO2、NO、O2和H2OG的含量對汞的脫除效率的影響。結(jié)果顯示，CEO2大大提高了AL2O3對汞的脫除效率，在350℃的測試溫度下，CEO2最佳質(zhì)量百分比為9％。在150到300℃的范圍內(nèi)，脫汞效率隨著溫度的升高而升高，當(dāng)超過350℃后將會下降。另外，O2和NO提高了脫汞效率，然而SO2和H2OG降低了脫汞效率。此外，延長反應(yīng)時間對脫汞效率產(chǎn)生了較小的負(fù)面影響，表明了CEO2/ΓAL2O3具有耐高溫的特點。1介紹幾十年來，汞是一種知名的環(huán)境污染物，因為它的揮發(fā)性、生物積累性和有毒性對人類的身體健康和環(huán)境造成了有害影響。因此，近年來汞的排放受到了原來越多的關(guān)注。在2010年聯(lián)合國環(huán)境規(guī)劃署對汞的排放出臺了全球性的具有法律約束力的文件，全球汞污染控制逐漸成為全球立法和科學(xué)關(guān)注的焦點。根據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)57，燃煤煙氣中主要存在三種形式的汞單質(zhì)汞HG0、二價汞HG2和顆粒態(tài)汞HGP。不同形式的汞具有不同的物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)。特別是二價汞是水溶性的，可以通過濕法煙氣脫硫裝置除去；顆粒態(tài)的單質(zhì)汞可以由除塵設(shè)備脫除。然而，單質(zhì)汞熔點低易揮發(fā)且難溶于水，很難從煙氣中脫除，是當(dāng)今汞污染控制的一大難題。在過去的幾十年中，人們利用了一些方法如顆粒吸附法、氧化還原法、化學(xué)沉淀法來控制單質(zhì)汞的排放和評估污染規(guī)模。其中，顆粒吸附法的主要缺點是成本高，吸附效果不佳，適用溫度范圍小，反應(yīng)速度慢，吸附率低，因此氧化還原法具有非常廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。這種方法中，影響操作成本和汞的脫除效果的重要因素是催化劑。目前氧化還原法脫除汞中用到的催化劑主要有V2O5/AC,MNO2/AC和FE2O3/TIO2，它們都有很好的催化效果。然而，很少報道利用CEO2/ΓAL2O3催化氧化單質(zhì)汞。二氧化鈰是一種無毒的，蘊含豐富且價格低廉的稀土材料，它的潛在價值受到了越來越多的關(guān)注。據(jù)了解，二氧化鈰還可以提高單質(zhì)汞的脫除效率。然而單質(zhì)鈰的熱穩(wěn)定性較差，它在高溫下快速燒結(jié)后會失去儲氧能力，這會導(dǎo)致催化劑失活。因此，人們在利用化學(xué)合成法使金屬氧化物浸漬二氧化鈰方面做出了重大努力。兩種不同氧化物的混合，不僅改善金屬氧化物的性能，而且形成了新的更穩(wěn)定的化合物，這可能會產(chǎn)生完全不同的物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)和催化性質(zhì)。ΓAL2O3是一種重要的工業(yè)催化劑載體、催化劑、吸附劑和陶瓷原料，由于其低成本、高表面積、高孔隙率、良好的熱穩(wěn)定性、高機(jī)械強度和耐酸性使其在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域得到方法應(yīng)用。因此此項實驗的主要研究CEO2/ΓAL2O3，對單質(zhì)汞的脫除產(chǎn)生的影響。實驗在一個固定床系統(tǒng)上研究，煙氣模擬系統(tǒng)包括氮氣、氧氣、二氧化硫、一氧化氮、水蒸氣和氣態(tài)汞。研究討論了二氧化鈰投入量、反應(yīng)溫度、反應(yīng)時間和煙氣成分對脫除效率的影響。圖1汞脫除實驗流程圖（1）質(zhì)量流量控制器（2）三通閥（3）溫度控制器（4）催化劑（5）固定床反應(yīng)器（6）排氣收集器（7）汞蒸氣滲透管（8）水浴（9）汞分析儀（10）水泡器（11）加熱板（1214）閥門（15）四通閥實驗中，進(jìn)出口的汞濃度由微分汞分析儀測得（模型QM201G），這種儀器是基于冷蒸氣原子熒光光譜法測得汞濃度的。檢測的極限為0001ΜG/M3，正常的范圍為001100ΜG/M3。在汞分析儀中，樣本氣態(tài)先由矽膠除濕，然后進(jìn)入到汞收集器中，在那里汞被金膜收集起來。金膜被加熱到一定溫度后，汞就能被釋放出來。在整個檢測過程中，汞分析儀每隔三分鐘實時響應(yīng)一次。在我們的研究中，進(jìn)口處汞的濃度是固定的。實驗在這樣的模型下進(jìn)行。在每次運行前，都要關(guān)閉閥門（14）來測量汞濃度。然后，打開閥門（14）關(guān)閉閥門（13），氣體流過固定床。此時，汞值分析儀顯示的是汞的出口濃度。根據(jù)資料，汞脫除效率Η可有下面公式計算其中HG0IN和HG0OUT分別為進(jìn)口和出口處得汞濃度因為實驗誤差是不可避免的，所以脫汞效率要測定三次求平均值，并且實驗結(jié)果的相對誤差要控制在1以下。3結(jié)果與分析與分析31樣品特性樣品的多孔結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)如表1所示。很明顯，未經(jīng)處理的ΓAL2O3具有最高的比表面積（約14166M2/G）和最大孔徑（約1206NM）。然而，樣品的比表面積，孔容積和孔徑隨著CEO2負(fù)載值的增加而減小。尤其是當(dāng)CEO2負(fù)載值增加到15時，比表面積會從14166急劇減少到7512M2/G，空容積從043減少到035M3/G,孔徑從1206減少到1124NM。原因可能是浸漬在ΓAL2O3表面的CEO2堵塞樣品空隙。圖2對ΓAL2O3,6?O2/ΓAL2O3和9?O2/ΓAL2O3X射線衍射進(jìn)行比較。檢測了三個樣本中在2Θ3640°,4448°和6570°范圍內(nèi)相應(yīng)的ΓAL2O3峰值。此外，6％CEO2/ΓAL2O3的圖譜中

簡介：山東科技大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文附錄附錄附錄DATINGOFCOALFIRESINXINJIANG,NORTHWESTCHINA23XIANGMINZHANG,SALOMONBKROONENBERGANDCORBDEBOERDEPARTMENTOFEARTHRESOURCESSURVEYS,ITC,POBOX6,ENSCHEDE,THENETHERLANDSFACULTYOFAPPLIEDEARTHSCIENCES,DELFTUNIVERSITYOFTECHNOLOGY,POBOX5028,2600GADELFT,THENETHERLANDSPALAEOMAGNETICLABORATORY,FACULTYOFEARTHSCIENCES,UNIVERSITYOFUTRECHT,3584CDUTRECHT,THENETHERLANDSABSTRACTCOALFIRESINCHINACONSUMEVASTAMOUNTSOFFUELANDCAUSESERIOUSENVIRONMENTALPROBLEMSMOSTOFTHESECOALFIRESARERELATEDTOMININGACTIVITYHOWEVER,NATURALLYPRODUCEDPALAEOCOALFIRESINXINJIANG,NORTHWESTCHINA,HAVEBEENRECOGNIZEDVIABURNTROCKSTHEBURNTROCKSINTHESTUDYAREAAREFOUNDATDIFFERENTRIVERTERRACESUNDERLYINGUNBURNTALLUVIALANDRIVERTERRACEDEPOSITSSEVERALAGEGROUPSOFCOALFIRESHAVEBEENIDENTIFIEDBASEDONTHEPOSITIONSOFBURNTROCKSATRIVERTERRACESANDTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHEBURNTROCKSANDTHETERRACEDEPOSITSTHESEPALAEOCOALFIRESARE1PLIOCENE–EARLYQUATERNARYINAGEAT200MABOVEPRESENTRIVERTERRACEDEPOSITS2MIDDLEPLEISTOCENEINAGE,AT90M3LATEPLEISTOCENE,AT90–70M4HOLOCENE5BURNTROCKSRELATINGTOACTIVECOALFIRESPALAEOMAGNETICDATAOFTHEBURNTROCKSFROMDIFFERENTTERRACESGIVENORMALREMANENTMAGNETIZATIONANDHELPFURTHERTOCONSTRAINTHEAGESOFTHECOALFIRESTERRANOVA,16,68–74,2004INTRODUCTION山東科技大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文附錄PROVIDEFURTHERCONSTRAINTSONTHEABSOLUTEAGESOFTHECOALFIRESOURSTUDYSHOWSTHATCOALFIRESHAVEREPEATEDLYOCCURREDSINCETHEPLIOCENEANDTHATMOSTOFTHEBURNTROCKSAREOFPLEISTOCENEAGEGEOLOGICALSETTINGTHETOUTUNHESTUDYAREAISSITUATED30KMSOUTHWESTOFURUMQI,THECAPITALCITYOFXINJIANG,CHINA,INTHETRANSITIONZONEBETWEENTHETIANSHANMOUNTAINRANGEANDTHEJUNGGARBASIN,ATANALTITUDEOF1000–1400MITISCROSSEDBYTHETOUTUNHERIVER,WHICHISFEDBYTHEGLACIERSOFTHETIANSHANMOUNTAINSANDBYITSTRIBUTARYRIVERSTHEQIANSHUIHE,GANGOUANDHAOJIAGOUFIG1THECOREOFTHEE–WTRENDINGTIANSHANMOUNTAINRANGECONSISTSOFPREMESOZOICBASEMENTROCKSPENGANDZHANG,1989BGXJ,1993CARROLLETAL,1995ONTHENORTHERNSIDEOFTHETIANSHAN,MESOZOICANDCENOZOICSEDIMENTARYROCKSHAVEBEENDETACHEDFROMTHEUNDERLINGPREMESOZOICROCKSANDFOLDEDINTOTHREELINESOFE–WTRENDINGANTICLINESANDSYNCLINESTHEKELAZHAANTICLINEINTHESTUDYAREAISSITUATEDINTHEFIRSTLINE,WITHJURASSICSTRATAFORMINGTHECOREOFTHEFOLDSUNFOLDEDPLIOCENESEDIMENTSUNCONFORMABLYCOVERTHEJURASSICANDCRETACEOUSROCKSTHEMAINCOALBEARINGSTRATATHATHAVEBURNTOUTBELONGTOTHEMIDDLEJURASSICXISHANYAOGROUP,WHICHCONSISTSOFFRESHWATERDELTAICSEDIMENTSBGXJ,1993SCHNEIDER,1996THECOALLAYERSARECONCENTRATEDINTHELOWERPARTSOFTHEXISHANYAOGROUP,WITHTHICKNESSVARYINGFROM1TO27MTHELOWESTMINEABLELAYERISTHEDACAOCOALLAYER,WITHACONSTANTTHICKNESSOF15–17MTHETOUTUNHERIVERDISSECTSTHEFOLDEDJURASSICROCKSANDHASAFLIGHTOFATLEASTSIXRIVERTERRACESINTHEVALLEYFIG2HUANGANDZHAO,1981QIAO,1981MOLNARETAL,1994THEUPPERMOSTTERRACESARESITUATEDABOUT90MABOVETHERIVER,THELOWERMOSTONEABOUT15MABOVETHEPRESENTRIVERLEVELTHEOTHERTERRACESARESITUATEDBETWEENTHESE,WITHAREGULARHEIGHTINTERVALOFABOUT10–15MMOSTOFTHETERRACESARECUTINTOBEDROCKANDCAPPEDBY1–3MOFCOARSE

簡介：信息共享對供應(yīng)鏈的影響DAVIDCHALLCANSAYGINRECEIVED2APRIL2009/ACCEPTED16MAY2011/PUBLISHEDONLINE31MAY2011◎SPRINGERVERLAGLONDONLIMITED2011摘要摘要在這項研究中，我們通過模擬研究了信息共享對準(zhǔn)時交貨率和總成本的影響。試驗因素包括產(chǎn)能富裕度、資源可靠性和信息共享模式，信息共享模式即共享資源可靠性信息、顧客需求和庫存水平。模擬結(jié)果表明，所有三個試驗因素在統(tǒng)計上都有明顯意義。然而，當(dāng)分析主要和交互影響時信息共享模式表現(xiàn)獨特。這項研究表明，產(chǎn)能富裕度、資源可靠性交換水平和信息共享模式基于運營參數(shù)以及供應(yīng)鏈的柔性。因此，作為一個協(xié)調(diào)工具，引入更多的柔性而不僅注重信息共享能力或許更可行。關(guān)鍵字關(guān)鍵字供應(yīng)鏈管理供應(yīng)鏈動態(tài)性企業(yè)資源計劃制造業(yè)信息系統(tǒng)庫存管理模擬1導(dǎo)入導(dǎo)入供應(yīng)鏈可以被看做一個商業(yè)伙伴的網(wǎng)絡(luò)及他們原材料采購的設(shè)施，它轉(zhuǎn)化為中間產(chǎn)品和最終產(chǎn)品、分銷及將最終產(chǎn)品銷售給最終消費者。供應(yīng)鏈?zhǔn)且粋€復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)，它涉及多個實體，包括運送貨物的活動以及增加從原材料階段到最終交付階段。供應(yīng)鏈中的不同實體運營受到不同的約束集和目標(biāo)的約束，當(dāng)談到在按時交貨、保證質(zhì)量、成本最小化方面改善供應(yīng)鏈績效時，這些是高度相互依存的。因此，供應(yīng)鏈內(nèi)實體的績效依賴于其它實體績效和他們的意愿以及協(xié)調(diào)供應(yīng)鏈內(nèi)活動的能力。信息技術(shù)進(jìn)步促成了信息獲取，這有助供應(yīng)鏈伙伴通過信息共享達(dá)成溝通、協(xié)調(diào)與合作。供應(yīng)鏈管理文獻(xiàn)揭示，通過業(yè)務(wù)伙伴間更好的信息聯(lián)系，包括長的提前期、大批量生產(chǎn)、高庫存水平、慢速新產(chǎn)品設(shè)計和發(fā)展以及長訂單履行周期的各種不足可以減輕或減少。盡管信息共享可能是非常有益的，但是它不足以完全減少供應(yīng)鏈動態(tài)固有的不確定性的影響。例如，自從FORRESTER對牛鞭效應(yīng)的研究以來，在信息共享是否總是對避免牛鞭效應(yīng)有利上已經(jīng)有長期的辯論和懸而未決的爭端。除此之外，研究者還指出信息共享的益處有賴于信息的類型以及伙伴的需求和控制能力。本項研究中，通過通用假想供應(yīng)鏈模型的模擬，研究了業(yè)務(wù)伙伴按時交貨率和總成本方面對信息交換的影響。雖然供應(yīng)鏈中的信息共享已獲得廣泛研究，但信息資源共享的可靠性（即各種失敗和設(shè)備故障的發(fā)生）對供應(yīng)鏈績效的影響并沒有獲得研究。實驗因素是產(chǎn)能富裕度（分三個層級）、可靠性（分三個層級）和信息共享模式，這一模式分享信息可靠性、顧客需求和庫存水平。本文結(jié)構(gòu)如下在第2節(jié)中展示了供應(yīng)鏈動態(tài)的文獻(xiàn)調(diào)查。在第3部分中，概述了實驗因素，對信息共享的做了簡短描述。在第4部分解釋了模型的改進(jìn)。在第5和6部分討論了實驗結(jié)果。在第7部分展示了結(jié)論。2供應(yīng)鏈動態(tài)供應(yīng)鏈動態(tài)很多研究者對供應(yīng)鏈管理進(jìn)行了研究。除了傳統(tǒng)的供應(yīng)鏈管理話題，例如業(yè)務(wù)計劃、戰(zhàn)略計劃和后勤，這些論文包括多種研究，從不同視角研究供應(yīng)鏈管理供應(yīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、亂序角度、風(fēng)險管理、供應(yīng)鏈動態(tài)、不確定性、分類及分類的問題和電子商務(wù)。若需要對相關(guān)論文的廣泛了解，請參考MIN和ZHOU，HUANG等，GOKNUR和TURAN，以及CHAN和CHAN的文章。供應(yīng)鏈中決策設(shè)計一個觸發(fā)系統(tǒng)實體間相互作用的反饋過程；當(dāng)在作出決策和察覺它的影響的時間之間有一個時間差時我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)時間延遲，這通常會進(jìn)一步影響實體間的相息不完全。不與供應(yīng)鏈其他實體共享信息也會導(dǎo)致相同效果。在先進(jìn)信息技術(shù)（如射頻識別系統(tǒng)）的襄助下，可以首先獲得信息，這可以提高業(yè)務(wù)的可預(yù)見性，然后在各級共享。供應(yīng)鏈信息共享的文獻(xiàn)包括了各種各樣的研究，從需求信息共享到生產(chǎn)信息共享再到庫存信息共享。文獻(xiàn)回顧說明裝備了先進(jìn)IT工具的真正信息共享能力受到?jīng)Q策者對共享信息意愿的限制。然而，研究者們對信息共享的好處并未達(dá)成共識。分歧的原因是供應(yīng)鏈配置的差異，包括不同的制造戰(zhàn)略如按訂單生產(chǎn)、按庫存生產(chǎn)、按訂單裝配，信息共享水平和模式，信息共享過程本身（如基于拍賣模型的情況下），和信息共享時效性（即延時）。3實驗因素實驗因素在該研究中，我們通過用3個試驗因素模擬調(diào)研了業(yè)務(wù)伙伴信息共享對供應(yīng)鏈績效的影響（1）產(chǎn)能富裕度（分3個層級）（2）可靠性（3個層級）和（3）信息共享模型（可靠性信息共享、顧客需求信息共享和庫存水平信息共享）。產(chǎn)能富裕度因素提供了一個制造企業(yè)內(nèi)部柔性水平來評判和滿足供應(yīng)和需求側(cè)的想、要求，就像GAVIRNENI等和CHAN及CHAN研究的那樣?？煽啃砸蛩匾肓酥圃鞓I(yè)水平故障，這反過來會影響能力和準(zhǔn)時交貨，就像CACHON與FISHER和YU等強調(diào)的。31產(chǎn)能富裕度產(chǎn)能富裕度定義如下DTOTALDEMANITYTOTALCAPACCTIGHTNESS?當(dāng)大于1時，總能力足夠滿足總需求。反之，若小于1，則能力不CTIGHTNESSCTIGHTNESS足以滿足需求。產(chǎn)能富裕度在供應(yīng)鏈信息共享的背景下已有研究。研究了各種信息共享模式產(chǎn)能富裕度并發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)能力大或小時，信息共享不會增加任何價值。對單一生產(chǎn)周期多種產(chǎn)品組合報告能力緩沖的實時修訂產(chǎn)能富裕度檢測在需求不確定情況下時不顯著的，當(dāng)采用實時訂單修訂時。32可靠性對供應(yīng)鏈物流部分的可靠性罕有人研究。物流可靠性是準(zhǔn)時交貨率的代名詞。最初，混合整數(shù)規(guī)劃用來以純概率方式?jīng)Q定給定供應(yīng)商可靠性的供應(yīng)商和制造商之間的成本。對這一檢測的擴(kuò)展研究包括供應(yīng)商、制造商和分銷商之間的物流可靠性，整體交貨準(zhǔn)時率由此確定。對全球物流系統(tǒng)的回顧表明很少有研究將供應(yīng)鏈可靠性作為一個不確定性因素。物流可靠性對權(quán)變計劃（其中的供給和需求隨確定的物流故障率是隨機(jī)的）表明網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置、信息共享和網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)則會影響按時交貨率。供應(yīng)商可靠性已經(jīng)兩種方法模型化機(jī)器故障率方法和供應(yīng)商有效性方法。機(jī)器故障方法注供應(yīng)商的重生產(chǎn)和庫存方法。供應(yīng)商有效性方法檢查無效對直接上游買方的長期影響。雖然如此，但是這些研究的重點都只是對一個實體而不是整個供應(yīng)鏈。33信息共享模型使用訂單、庫存和顧客需求信息共享對一個由制造商和零售商構(gòu)成的二級供應(yīng)鏈的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)信息共享在所有條件下夠都明顯。類似地，在一切情況下，容量對降低持有成本影響明顯。雖然容量和信息共享都在任何情況下是顯著的，但卻沒有對相互影響進(jìn)行研究。同樣，一項對客戶需求和庫存信息共享與零售商和供應(yīng)商之間沒有信息共享的對比分析發(fā)現(xiàn)與沒有信息共享相比，當(dāng)共享顧客需求和庫存信息時，績效有明顯提高。然而，改善并不是來自信息共享而是來自信息技術(shù)，它促進(jìn)了提前期和批量規(guī)模的下降。一個對無信息共享不穩(wěn)定需求二級供應(yīng)鏈和有顧客需求信息共享的分析比較發(fā)現(xiàn)，顧客需求信息共

簡介：畢業(yè)設(shè)計（外文翻譯）英文題目REALIZATIONOFNEURALNETWORKINVERSESYSTEMWITHPLCINVARIABLEFREQUENCYSPEEDREGULATINGSYSTEM中文題目PLC變頻調(diào)速的網(wǎng)絡(luò)反饋系統(tǒng)的實現(xiàn)系（院）自動化系專業(yè)電氣工程與自動化學(xué)生姓名00學(xué)號2009022221指導(dǎo)教師李思光職稱講師二〇一三年六月濱州學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文翻譯1REALIZATIONOFNEURALNETWORKINVERSESYSTEMWITHPLCINVARIABLEFREQUENCYSPEEDREGULATINGSYSTEMTHEVARIABLEFREQUENCYSPEEDREGULATINGSYSTEMWHICHCONSISTSOFANINDUCTIONMOTORANDAGENERALINVERTER,ANDCONTROLLEDBYPLCISWIDELYUSEDININDUSTRIALFIELDHOWEVER,FORTHEMULTIVARIABLE,NONLINEARANDSTRONGLYCOUPLEDINDUCTIONMOTOR,THECONTROLPERFORMANCEISNOTGOODENOUGHTOMEETTHENEEDSOFSPEEDREGULATINGTHEMATHEMATICMODELOFTHEVARIABLEFREQUENCYSPEEDREGULATINGSYSTEMINVECTORCONTROLMODEISPRESENTEDANDITSREVERSIBILITYHASBEENPROVEDBYCONSTRUCTINGANEURALNETWORKINVERSESYSTEMANDCOMBININGITWITHTHEVARIABLEFREQUENCYSPEEDREGULATINGSYSTEM,APSEUDOLINEARSYSTEMISCOMPLETED,ANDTHENALINEARCLOSELOOPADJUSTORISDESIGNEDTOGETHIGHPERFORMANCEUSINGPLC,ANEURALNETWORKINVERSESYSTEMCANBEREALIZEDINACTURALSYSTEMTHERESULTSOFEXPERIMENTSHAVESHOWNTHATTHEPERFORMANCESOFVARIABLEFREQUENCYSPEEDREGULATINGSYSTEMCANBEIMPROVEDGREATLYANDTHEPRACTICABILITYOFNEURALNETWORKINVERSECONTROLWASTESTIFIED1INTRODUCTIONINRECENTYEARS,WITHPOWERELECTRONICTECHNOLOGY,MICROELECTRONICTECHNOLOGYANDMODERNCONTROLTHEORYINFILTRATINGINTOACELECTRICDRIVINGSYSTEM,INVERTERSHAVEBEENWIDELYUSEDINSPEEDREGULATINGOFACMOTORTHEVARIABLEFREQUENCYSPEEDREGULATINGSYSTEMWHICHCONSISTSOFANINDUCTIONMOTORANDAGENERALINVERTERISUSEDTOTAKETHEPLACEOFDCSPEEDREGULATINGSYSTEMBECAUSEOFTERRIBLEENVIRONMENTANDSEVEREDISTURBANCEININDUSTRIALFIELD,THECHOICEOFCONTROLLERISANIMPORTANTPROBLEMNEURALNETWORKINVERSECONTROLWASREALIZEDBYUSINGINDUSTRIALCONTROLCOMPUTERANDSEVERALDATAACQUISITIONCARDSTHEADVANTAGESOFINDUSTRIALCONTROLCOMPUTERAREHIGHCOMPUTATIONSPEED,GREATMEMORYCAPACITYANDGOODCOMPATIBILITYWITHOTHERSOFTWAREETCBUTINDUSTRIALCONTROLCOMPUTERALSOHASSOMEDISADVANTAGESININDUSTRIALAPPLICATIONSUCHASINSTABILITYANDFALLIBILITYANDWORSECOMMUNICATIONABILITYPLCCONTROLSYSTEMISSPECIALDESIGNEDFORINDUSTRIALENVIRONMENTAPPLICATION,ANDITSSTABILITYANDRELIABILITYAREGOODPLCCONTROLSYSTEMCANBEEASILYINTEGRATEDINTOFIELDBUSCONTROLSYSTEMWITHTHE

簡介：1JSPINTRODUCEDJSPJAVASERVERPAGESISCORPORATIONINITIATESONEKINDOFDYNAMICHOMEPAGETECHNICALSTANDARDBYSUNMICROSYSTEMSWHICH,MANYCOMPANIESPARTICIPATIONESTABLISHESTOGETHERTHISTECHNOLOGYHASPROVIDEDFORTHEFOUNDATIONDEMONSTRATIONDYNAMICPRODUCTIONCONTENTWEBPAGESIMPLEANDDIRECTANDTHEFASTMETHODTHEJSPTECHNOLOGYDESIGNGOALISMAKESTHESTRUCTURETOBEEASIERBASEDONTHEWEBAPPLICATIONPROCEDUREANDQUICKLY,BUTTHESEAPPLICATIONPROCEDURESCANWITHEACHKINDOFWEBSERVER,USINGTHESERVER,THEBROWSERANDTHEDEVELOPMENTKITWORKTOGETHERTHEJSPSTANDARDISTHEWEBSERVER,APPLIESTHESERVER,THETRANSACTIONSYSTEM,ASWELLASBETWEENTHEDEVELOPMENTKITSUPPLIERTHEBROADCOOPERATIONRESULTINTHETRADITIONALHOMEPAGEHTMLDOCUMENTHTM,HTMLCENTERJOINSTHEJAVAPROCEDUREFRAGMENTSCRIPTLETANDTHEJSPMARKTAG,CONSTITUTEDTHEJSPHOMEPAGEJSPTHEWEBSERVERWHENMEETSVISITSTHEJSPHOMEPAGETHEREQUEST,FIRSTCARRIESOUTPROCEDUREFRAGMENT,THENWILLCARRYOUTTHERESULTTORETURNBYTHEHTMLFORMFORTHECUSTOMERTHEPROCEDUREFRAGMENTMAYOPERATETHEDATABASE,AGAINTHEDIRECTIONALHOMEPAGEASWELLASTRANSMITSEMAILANDSOON,THISISAFUNCTIONWHICHTHEESTABLISHMENTDYNAMICWEBSITENEEDSALLPROCEDURESOPERATIONALLINTHESERVERENDEXECUTION,INTHENETWORKTRANSMITSTHERESULTWHICHONLYISOBTAINSFORTHECUSTOMEREND,ISLOWESTTOTHECLIENTBROWSERREQUEST,MAYREALIZEDOESNOTHAVEPLUGIN,DOESNOTHAVEACTIVEX,NONJAVAAPPLET,EVENDOESNOTHAVEFRAME3JSP（JAVASERVERPAGES）是一種基于JAVA的腳本技術(shù)。在JSP的眾多優(yōu)點之中，其中之一是它能將HTML編碼從WEB頁面的業(yè)務(wù)邏輯中有效地分離出來。用JSP訪問可重用的組件，如SERVLET、JAVABEAN和基于JAVA的WEB應(yīng)用程序。JSP還支持在WEB頁面中直接嵌入JAVA代碼?？捎脙煞N方法訪問JSP文件瀏覽器發(fā)送JSP文件請求、發(fā)送至SERVLET的請求。

簡介：光電技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)生文獻(xiàn)翻譯高低折射率微?；旌衔锏膶崟r交互式光學(xué)微操作高低折射率微?；旌衔锏膶崟r交互式光學(xué)微操作學(xué)生姓名學(xué)生姓名彭雍彭雍專業(yè)電子科學(xué)與技子科學(xué)與技術(shù)班級電科光科光電子081導(dǎo)師姓名職稱蘇禮坤（副教授）禮坤（副教授）文獻(xiàn)提交日期文獻(xiàn)提交日期2012年03月01日2在這里，本文論證一種對高、低折射率微?；旌衔锏膶崟r的、用戶交互式操作的方法，該方法讀取二維相圖，利用廣義相差的方法，使用可編程空間光調(diào)制器將二維相圖編碼成輸入光束，以生成在橫平板上對混合物微粒有光學(xué)限制的符合要求的光強分布。對于球形微粒，可使用具有徑向?qū)ΨQ性質(zhì)的捕獲光束。在使用橫剖面是禮帽形的捕獲光束時，高折射率微球在捕獲面上被有效地捕獲和操作12,13。在另一方面，低折射率微粒被橫剖面是圓環(huán)形的光束捕獲14。經(jīng)驗證，與其他方法不同，廣義相差方法很容易地既提供生成對高、低折射率微?？瑟毩⒉僮鞯墓鈱W(xué)勢阱的能力，和對兩種類型微粒實行實時任意動力學(xué)操作的靈活性。這種優(yōu)秀性能可以使應(yīng)用于石油、食品和藥品加工領(lǐng)域的空氣泡中微粒封裝和油包水膠狀液的加工變得方便。2實驗實驗?zāi)z體微粒的捕獲和操作用圖1所示的實驗裝置實現(xiàn)。系統(tǒng)利用連續(xù)波（CW）倍頻摻釹釩酸釔（NDYVO4）激光（532NM，光譜物理，MILLENIAV）泵浦連續(xù)波摻鈦藍(lán)寶石（TIS）激光（波長可調(diào)諧，光譜物理，3900S）。摻鈦藍(lán)寶石激光器利用內(nèi)置石英濾光片選擇在近紅外光譜內(nèi)700到850納米長作為工作波長。在此實驗中，工作波長被設(shè)定為。依830NM??靠摻釹釩酸釔激光最大05W的泵浦能量，摻鈦藍(lán)寶石激光能提供最大15W的能量。激光經(jīng)過擴(kuò)束校正后，入射到反射式純相位空間光調(diào)制器中。應(yīng)用平行式向列相液晶（濱松光子技術(shù)）的空間光調(diào)制器由計算機(jī)視頻輸出控制的視頻圖像陣列分辨率（480X480像素）液晶投影元件編址。圖1，同時在捕獲面上進(jìn)行高、低折射率微粒操作的實驗裝置。入射到空間光調(diào)制器中的擴(kuò)束激光來自可視連續(xù)波摻釹釩酸釔激光泵浦的摻鈦藍(lán)寶石（TIS）激光。在電

簡介：附錄附錄B英文原文及翻譯英文原文及翻譯

簡介：2000英文單詞，英文單詞，11萬英文字符，中文萬英文字符，中文3600字FINANCIALRISKMANAGEMENTALTHOUGHFINANCIALRISKHASINCREASEDSIGNIFICANTLYINRECENTYEARS,RISKANDRISKMANAGEMENTARENOTCONTEMPORARYISSUESTHERESULTOFINCREASINGLYGLOBALMARKETSISTHATRISKMAYORIGINATEWITHEVENTSTHOUSANDSOFMILESAWAYTHATHAVENOTHINGTODOWITHTHEDOMESTICMARKETINFORMATIONISAVAILABLEINSTANTANEOUSLY,WHICHMEANSTHATCHANGE,ANDSUBSEQUENTMARKETREACTIONS,OCCURVERYQUICKLYTHEECONOMICCLIMATEANDMARKETSCANBEAFFECTEDVERYQUICKLYBYCHANGESINEXCHANGERATES,INTERESTRATES,ANDCOMMODITYPRICESCOUNTERPARTIESCANRAPIDLYBECOMEPROBLEMATICASARESULT,ITISIMPORTANTTOENSUREFINANCIALRISKSAREIDENTIFIEDANDMANAGEDAPPROPRIATELYPREPARATIONISAKEYCOMPONENTOFRISKMANAGEMENTWHATISRISKRISKPROVIDESTHEBASISFOROPPORTUNITYTHETERMSRISKANDEXPOSUREHAVESUBTLEDIFFERENCESINTHEIRMEANINGRISKREFERSTOTHEPROBABILITYOFLOSS,WHILEEXPOSUREISTHEPOSSIBILITYOFLOSS,ALTHOUGHTHEYAREOFTENUSEDINTERCHANGEABLYRISKARISESASARESULTOFEXPOSUREEXPOSURETOFINANCIALMARKETSAFFECTSMOSTORGANIZATIONS,EITHERDIRECTLYORINDIRECTLYWHENANORGANIZATIONHASFINANCIALMARKETEXPOSURE,THEREISAPOSSIBILITYOFLOSSBUTALSOANOPPORTUNITYFORGAINORPROFITFINANCIALMARKETEXPOSUREMAYPROVIDESTRATEGICORCOMPETITIVEBENEFITSRISKISTHELIKELIHOODOFLOSSESRESULTINGFROMEVENTSSUCHASCHANGESINMARKETPRICESEVENTSWITHALOWPROBABILITYOFOCCURRING,BUTTHATMAYRESULTINAHIGHLOSS,AREPARTICULARLYTROUBLESOMEBECAUSETHEYAREOFTENNOTANTICIPATEDPUTANOTHERWAY,RISKISTHEPROBABLEVARIABILITYOFRETURNSSINCEITISNOTALWAYSPOSSIBLEORDESIRABLETOELIMINATERISK,UNDERSTANDINGITISANIMPORTANTSTEPINDETERMININGHOWTOMANAGEITIDENTIFYINGEXPOSURESANDRISKSFORMSTHEBASISFORANAPPROPRIATEFINANCIALRISKMANAGEMENTSTRATEGYHOWDOESFINANCIALRISKFINANCIALRISKARISESTHROUGHCOUNTLESSTRANSACTIONSOFAFINANCIALNATURE,WIDELYAMONGFINANCIALINSTITUTIONSANDONORGANIZEDEXCHANGESTHEVALUEOFDERIVATIVESCONTRACTS,SUCHASFUTURES,FORWARDS,OPTIONS,ANDSWAPS,ISDERIVEDFROMTHEPRICEOFTHEUNDERLYINGASSETDERIVATIVESTRADEONINTERESTRATES,EXCHANGERATES,COMMODITIES,EQUITYANDFIXEDINCOMESECURITIES,CREDIT,ANDEVENWEATHERTHEPRODUCTSANDSTRATEGIESUSEDBYMARKETPARTICIPANTSTOMANAGEFINANCIALRISKARETHESAMEONESUSEDBYSPECULATORSTOINCREASELEVERAGEANDRISKALTHOUGHITCANBEARGUEDTHATWIDESPREADUSEOFDERIVATIVESINCREASESRISK,THEEXISTENCEOFDERIVATIVESENABLESTHOSEWHOWISHTOREDUCERISKTOPASSITALONGTOTHOSEWHOSEEKRISKANDITSASSOCIATEDOPPORTUNITIESTHEABILITYTOESTIMATETHELIKELIHOODOFAFINANCIALLOSSISHIGHLYDESIRABLEHOWEVER,STANDARDTHEORIESOFPROBABILITYOFTENFAILINTHEANALYSISOFFINANCIALMARKETSRISKSUSUALLYDONOTEXISTINISOLATION,ANDTHEINTERACTIONSOFSEVERALEXPOSURESMAYHAVETOBECONSIDEREDINDEVELOPINGANUNDERSTANDINGOFHOWFINANCIALRISKARISESSOMETIMES,THESEINTERACTIONSAREDIFFICULTTOFORECAST,SINCETHEYULTIMATELYDEPENDONHUMANBEHAVIORTHEPROCESSOFFINANCIALRISKMANAGEMENTISANONGOINGONESTRATEGIESNEEDTOBEIMPLEMENTEDANDREFINEDASTHEMARKETANDREQUIREMENTSCHANGEREFINEMENTSMAYREFLECTCHANGINGEXPECTATIONSABOUTMARKETRATES,CHANGESTOTHEBUSINESSENVIRONMENT,ORCHANGINGINTERNATIONALPOLITICALCONDITIONS,FOREXAMPLEINGENERAL,THEPROCESSCANBESUMMARIZEDASFOLLOWS1、IDENTIFYANDPRIORITIZEKEYFINANCIALRISKS2、DETERMINEANAPPROPRIATELEVELOFRISKTOLERANCE3、IMPLEMENTRISKMANAGEMENTSTRATEGYINACCORDANCEWITHPOLICY4、MEASURE,REPORT,MONITOR,ANDREFINEASNEEDEDDIVERSIFICATIONFORMANYYEARS,THERISKINESSOFANASSETWASASSESSEDBASEDONLYONTHEVARIABILITYOFITSRETURNSINCONTRAST,MODERNPORTFOLIOTHEORYCONSIDERSNOTONLYANASSET’SRISKINESS,BUTALSOITSCONTRIBUTIONTOTHEOVERALLRISKINESSOFTHEPORTFOLIOTOWHICHITISADDEDORGANIZATIONSMAYHAVEANOPPORTUNITYTOREDUCERISKASARESULTOFRISKDIVERSIFICATION

簡介：APPLICATIONOFAFEASIBLEFORMABILITYDIAGRAMFORTHEEFFECTIVEDESIGNINSTAMPINGPROCESSESOFAUTOMOTIVEPANELSDAECHEOLKOA,SEUNGHOONCHAB,SANGKONLEEC,CHANJOOLEEB,BYUNGMINKIMD,AILIC,PUSANNATIONALUNIVERSITY,30JANGJEONDONG,KUMJEONGGU,BUSAN609735,SOUTHKOREABPRECISIONMANUFACTURINGSYSTEMSDIVISION,PUSANNATIONALUNIVERSITY,30JANGJEONDONG,KUMJEONGGU,BUSAN609735,SOUTHKOREACPNUIFAM,JOINTRESEARCHCENTER,PUSANNATIONALUNIVERSITY,30JANGJEONDONG,KUMJEONGGU,BUSAN609735,SOUTHKOREADSCHOOLOFMECHANICALENGINEERING,PUSANNATIONALUNIVERSITY,30JANGJEONDONG,KUMJEONGGU,BUSAN609735,SOUTHKOREAARTICLEINFOARTICLEHISTORYRECEIVED4MAY2009ACCEPTED11SEPTEMBER2009AVAILABLEONLINE16SEPTEMBER2009KEYWORDSSTAMPINGPROCESSFEASIBLEFORMABILITYDIAGRAMFESIMULATIONDESIGNOFEXPERIMENTARTIFICIALNEURALNETWORKAUTOMOTIVEPANELABSTRACTTHEOBJECTIVEOFTHISSTUDYISTOPROPOSEAMETHODOFPROCESSDESIGNTHATUSESAFEASIBLEFORMABILITYDIAGRAM,WHICHDENOTESTHESAFEREGIONWITHOUTFRACTUREANDWRINKLE,FORTHEEFFECTIVEANDRAPIDDESIGNOFSTAMPINGPROCESSESTODETERMINETHEFEASIBLEFORMABILITYDIAGRAM,FEANALYSESHAVEBEENPERFORMEDFORCOMBINATIONSOFPROCESSVARIABLESTHATCORRESPONDTOTHEORTHOGONALARRAYOFDESIGNOFEXPERIMENTSSUBSEQUENTLY,THECHARACTERISTICVALUESFORFRACTUREANDWRINKLEHAVEBEENESTIMATEDFROMTHERESULTSOFFEANALYSESONTHEBASISOFTHEFORMINGLIMITDIAGRAMTHECHARACTERISTICVALUESFORALLCOMBINATIONSWITHINAWHOLERANGEOFPROCESSVARIABLESHAVEBEENPREDICTEDTHROUGHTHETRAININGOFANARTIFICIALNEURALNETWORKTHEFEASIBLEFORMABILITYDIAGRAMHASBEENFINALLYDETERMINEDFORALLCOMBINATIONSOFPROCESSVARIABLESTHESTAMPINGPROCESSESOFAUTOMOTIVEPANELSTOSUPPORTSUSPENSIONMODULE,SUCHASTHETURRETSUSPENSIONANDTHEWHEELHOUSE,HAVEBEENTAKENASEXAMPLESTOVERIFYTHEEFFECTIVENESSOFPROCESSDESIGNTHROUGHFEASIBLEFORMABILITYDIAGRAMACOMPARISONOFTHEFESIMULATIONRESULTSWITHTHEEXPERIMENTALRESULTSREVEALSTHATTHEDESIGNOFSTAMPINGPROCESSESTHROUGHFEASIBLEFORMABILITYDIAGRAMISEFFICIENTANDSUITABLEFORACTUALPROCESSES?2009ELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVED1INTRODUCTIONINMETALFORMINGTECHNOLOGIES,THESTAMPINGPROCESSFORSHEETMETALISONEOFTHESIGNIFICANTMANUFACTURINGPROCESSESINTHEPRODUCTIONOFSHEETMETALCOMPONENTSSTAMPINGTECHNOLOGYHASBEENEXTENSIVELYAPPLIEDINTHEAUTOMOTIVEINDUSTRYTHEFORMABILITYOFSTAMPINGPRODUCTSISGENERALLYINFLUENCEDBYVARIOUSPROCESSVARIABLESSUCHASTHESHAPEOFTHEDIE,MATERIALPROPERTIES,THESHAPEOFTHEINITIALBLANK,THEBLANKHOLDINGFORCE,THELAYOUTOFTHEDRAWBEAD,LUBRICATIONITISVERYIMPORTANTTODESIGNSTAMPINGPROCESSESTHATCANPRODUCESOUNDPRODUCTSWITHOUTDEFECTS,SUCHASFRACTUREANDWRINKLETHEDESIGNOFSTAMPINGPROCESSESHASBEENMAINLYPERFORMEDBYEITHERATRIALANDERRORAPPROACH,WHICHISBOTHTIMEANDCOSTINTENSIVE,ORFINITEELEMENTANALYSISFEANALYSISCOMBINEDWITHOPTIMALDESIGNPROCEDURE,WHICHPOSESSOMEPROBLEMSINACTUALINDUSTRIALAPPLICATIONS1–7SINCETHEFORMABILITYANDPRODUCTQUALITYINSTAMPINGPROCESSESDEPENDONTHEINITIALBLANKSHAPE,THEOPTIMALDESIGNOFBLANKSHASBEENINVESTIGATEDBYMANYRESEARCHERSLEEANDHUH8SUGGESTEDANINVERSEFINITEELEMENTAPPROACHFORTHEPREDICTIONOFTHEBLANKSHAPEGUOETAL1CONDUCTEDTHEOPTIMALDESIGNOFBLANKSONTHEBASISOFTHEVARIATIONINTHETHICKNESSOFTHESHEETMATERIALAMETHODFORTHEDESIGNOFOPTIMALBLANKSHAPETHATUSESTHEINITIALNODALVELOCITYWASPROPOSEDBYSONANDSHIM9YEHETAL10SUGGESTEDAFORWARDINVERSEPREDICTIONSCHEMETODETERMINETHEOPTIMALBLANKSHAPEALTHOUGHTHEMETHODSMENTIONEDABOVEAREEXCELLENT,THERESTILLREMAINPROBLEMSWHENTHEMETHODSAREAPPLIEDFORTHEOPTIMALDESIGNOFBLANKSINACTUALINDUSTRIALPROBLEMSWITHVARIOUSPROCESSVARIABLESINRECENTYEARS,MUCHRESEARCHHASFOCUSEDONTHECOMBINATIONOFFEANALYSISANDOPTIMIZATIONTECHNOLOGYTOOPTIMIZESTAMPINGPROCESSESKATAYAMAETAL11OPTIMIZEDTHEDIESHAPETOIMPROVEFORMINGDEFECTS,SUCHASFRACTUREANDWRINKLE,INATWOSTAGEDEEPDRAWINGPROCESSJANSSONETAL12OPTIMIZEDTHEDRAWINOFANAUTOMOTIVEPARTBYADJUSTINGTHEDRAWBEADRESTRAININGFORCETHROUGHRESPONSESURFACEMETHODOLOGYANDASPACEMAPPINGTECHNIQUEKAYABASIANDEKICI6PROPOSEDANOPTIMIZATIONMETHODTOIMPROVETHEFORMABILITYOFAUTOMOTIVESIDEPANELSTHEOPTIMALVALUESOFPROCESSVARIABLESWERECALCULATEDBYTHEMETHODWEIETAL7PROPOSEDAMETHODTOOPTIMIZEPROCESSVARIABLESANDTOPREDICTPERFORMANCEWITHREGARDTOTOLERANCEINTHESTAMPINGOFDECKLIDOUTERPANELSAPARETOBASEDMULTIOBJECTIVEGENETICALGORITHMWASPROPOSEDBYLIUANDYANG13THEIRPROPOSEDALGORITHMWASAPPLIEDFORTHEOPTIMIZATIONOFPROCESSVARIABLES,SUCHASTHEBLANKHOLDINGFORCEANDTHEDRAWBEADRESTRAININGFORCE02613069/SEEFRONTMATTER?2009ELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVEDDOI101016/JMATDES200909022CORRESPONDINGAUTHORTEL82515103697EMAILADDRESSBMKIMPUSANACKRBMKIMMATERIALSANDDESIGN3120101262–1275CONTENTSLISTSAVAILABLEATSCIENCEDIRECTMATERIALSANDDESIGNJOURNALHOMEPAGEWWWELSEVIERCOM/LOCATE/MATDESERRORISWITHINASPECIFIEDTOLERANCEASSUMEDTOBE10?3INTHISSTUDYTHEFORMULAFORTHEERRORISGIVENBELOWE?AT?ADAT??2D1TWHEREEISTHESHAPEERRORANDATANDADARETHEAREASOFTHETARGETANDDEFORMEDCONTOURS,RESPECTIVELYASMENTIONEDABOVE,THEOPTIMALSHAPEOFBLANKISDEPENDENTONTHEPROCESSVARIABLESTODETERMINETHEFEASIBLESHAPEOFBLANK,THECONTOUROFTHEINITIALBLANKOBTAINEDFROMEQ1ISOFFSETBYAUNIFORMDISTANCEALONGTHENORMALDIRECTIONOFTHECONTOURTHELOWERANDUPPERBOUNDSONTHEOFFSETDISTANCEOFTHEBLANKARETHEBLANKSHAPETOBECOMETHETARGETCONTOURAFTERSTAMPINGANDTHEBLANKSHAPETOBEENLARGEDUPTOTHEENDOFTHESTAMPINGDIEFACE,RESPECTIVELYTHEOFFSETSHAPEOFBLANK,ASSHOWNINFIG1B,ISDETERMINEDASFOLLOWSXD?XITDBND2TWHEREXDISTHECOORDINATEVECTOROFTHENODALPOINTLOCATEDATTHEOUTLINEOFTHEOFFSETBLANK,XIISTHECOORDINATEVECTOROFTHENODALPOINTLOCATEDATTHEOUTLINEOFTHEINITIALBLANK,DISTHEAMOUNTOFOFFSET,ANDBNISTHEUNITNORMALVECTORINTHEDIRECTIONOFMOVEMENTTHEOTHERPROCESSVARIABLES,VIZ,THEBLANKHOLDINGFORCEANDTHEDRAWBEAD,PLAYANIMPORTANTROLEINTHECONTROLOFDEFECTSTHEBLANKHOLDINGFORCEISDESIGNEDTOBEWITHINTHERANGEOFCAPACITIESOFPRESSESINACTUALINDUSTRYACIRCULARDRAWBEADISEMPLOYEDINORDERTOSUPPLYANADDITIONALRESTRAININGFORCETOTHEBLANKVARIOUSSHAPESOFDRAWBEADARECONSIDEREDWITHDIFFERENTPARAMETERS,SUCHASTHEHEIGHTANDSHOULDERRADIUSOFTHEDRAWBEAD,ASSHOWNINFIG2FIG2GEOMETRICPARAMETERSOFTHEDRAWBEADFIG3DEFINITIONOFCHARACTERISTICVALUESONTHEBASISOFTHEFORMINGLIMITDIAGRAMFIG4SCHEMATICPROCEDUREFORDETERMININGTHEFEASIBLEFORMABILITYDIAGRAM1264DCKOETAL/MATERIALSANDDESIGN3120101262–1275