簡介：字?jǐn)?shù)英文字?jǐn)?shù)英文23352335單詞，單詞，1305713057字符；中文字符；中文39063906漢字漢字作者及出處作者及出處KOLCHEDANTSEVKOLCHEDANTSEVL,L,ADAMTSEVICHADAMTSEVICHA,A,STUPAKOVASTUPAKOVAO,O,ETETALALMEASURESMEASURESTOTOREDUCEREDUCECONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTIONTIMETIMEOFOFHIGHRISEHIGHRISEBUILDINGSC//E3SBUILDINGSC//E3SWEBWEBOFOFCONFERENCESEDPCONFERENCESEDPSCIENCES,2018,3303062SCIENCES,2018,3303062外文文獻(xiàn)外文文獻(xiàn)MEASURESTOREDUCECONSTRUCTIONTIMEOFHIGHRISEBUILDINGSABSTRACTTHEORGANIZATIONALANDTECHNOLOGICALSOLUTIONSFORHIGHRISEBUILDINGSCONSTRUCTIONEFFICIENCYINCREASEARECONSIDERED,PRIMARILY–DECREASEOFTYPICALFLOORCONSTRUCTIONTIMEANDIMPROVEMENTOFBEARINGSTRUCTURESCONCRETEQUALITYTHEESSENCEOFOFFEREDTECHNOLOGYISACONCRETEMIXINGSTATIONANDAPOLYGONMAINLYFORLOADBEARINGWALLPANELSWITHSTARTERBARSCASTINGARELOCATEDONTHEBUILDINGSITEFORREINFORCEDCONCRETECOMPONENTSMANUFACTURINGANDBUTTJOINTSGROUTINGTHEWARMEDUPCONCRETEMIXTURESAREUSEDTHERESULTSOFRESEARCHESANDELABORATIONSCARRIEDOUTBYTHESPSUACEINAREAOFAPRELIMINARYWARMINGUPOFCONCRETEMIXTURESAREPRESENTEDTHEPOSSIBILITYANDFEASIBILITYOFTHEIRUSAGEINHIGHRISEBUILDINGSANDOFEXCESSHEIGHTBUILDINGSCONSTRUCTIONINCLUDINGCASTINPLACEANDPRECASTEXECUTIONARESHOWNTHEESSENCEOFHEATVIBROTREATINGOFCONCRETEMIXTUREISREVEALEDASAKINDOFPRIORELECTRORESISTIVECURING,ANDTHEACHIEVEDRESULTSAREACCELERATEDCONCRETESTRENGTHGAIN,POWERINPUTSDECREASE,CONCRETEQUALITYIMPROVEMENTITISSHOWNTHATTHELOCATIONOFACONCRETEMIXINGSTATIONONTHEBUILDINGSITEENABLESTOBROADENPOSSIBILITIESOFTHE“THERMOS”METHODUSEANDTOAVOIDCONCRETEMIXTURESWARMINGUPINMEDIUMMASSSTRUCTURESERECTIONCOLUMNS,GIRDERSDURINGTHEHIGHRISEBUILDINGSCONSTRUCTIONITISEXPERIMENTALLYPROVEDTHATTHESPLICEBETWEENPRECASTELEMENTSENCASEDWITHWARMEDUPCONCRETEMIXTUREISEQUALWITHCONJUGATEDELEMENTSINSTRENGTHCONSTRUCTIONINHIGHRISESBUILDINGMENTIONEDPARAMETERSOFCONCRETEPHYSICALANDMECHANICALPROPERTIESAREESTIMATEDRELATIVELYRELATIVECOMPRESSIVE,TENSILE,BENDINGSTRENGTH,ETC,WHATGIVESTHEOPPORTUNITYTOAPPLYTHELABANDFIELDTESTSRESULTSTOCONCRETESOFDIFFERENTCLASSESINADDITIONTOTRADITIONALGOSTOVSKAYATECHNIQUES,FOREXAMPLE,GOST1018090CONCRETEMETHODSOFDETERMININGSTRENGTHONTESTSPECIMENS,FORTESTOFJOINTOFPRECASTMONOLITHICBUILDINGSWASDESIGNEDBYASPECIALTECHNIQUEONACTIVEAREAOFTHE“OLD”CONCRETEWHICHARETHEENDSOFCOMBINEDPANELSTHEVERTICALINCLINEDCHASES4MMWIDEAND6MMDEPTHWEREMADETHECONCRETEMIXTUREOF“NEW“CONCRETEWASWARMEDUPJUSTBEFORETHEPLACINGWITHALTERNATEELECTRICCURRENTOFINDUSTRIALFREQUENCY50HZTO500СAND700СTEMPERATUREANDTHENPLACEDWITHVIBRATIONINSPLICECAVITYFOR“OLD“AND“NEW“CONCRETESSAMPLESSHEARTESTINGPOSTGRADUATESTUDENTMUSTAFINRRCREATEDSPECIALMETHODEXCLUDESTHEAPPEARANCEOFTHETORSIONALMOMENTABOUT“OLD“AND“NEW“CONCRETESCONTACTPLANETHEESSENCEOFCONCRETEMIXTURETHERMALTREATMENTTHATISAKINDOFAPRELIMINARYWARMINGUP,ITSRATIONALAPPLICATIONFIELD,USEDMATERIALS,ANDTHEACHIEVEDEFFECTAREPRESENTEDINWRITINGITISIMPORTANTTONOTEHERETHATONLYAPPLICATIONOFWARMEDUPCONCRETEMIXTURESMADEATSITEPOLYGONENABLESTOGETCONCRETETRANSPORTSTRENGTHINMINIMUMTIMEWITHMINIMUMPOWERINPUTSANDREQUIREDCONCRETEQUALITYPROVIDEDTHEGROUTINGOFBUTTJOINTSBETWEENPRECASTELEMENTSWITHWARMEDUPMIXTUREPROVIDESTHEEQUALITYINSTRENGTHOFTHEJOINTANDCONJUGATEDELEMENTSTHEFEASIBILITYOFACONCRETEMIXINGSTATIONLOCATIONONASITEOFAHIGHRISEBUILDINGCONSTRUCTION,ITSPARAMETERSARESUBSTANTIATEDINWRITINGS3RESULTS31THEMOBILECONCRETEMIXINGSTATIONCMSLOCATIONONHIGHRISEBUILDINGSITE

簡介：中文中文3076字出處出處MAGESWARIM,VIDIVELLIBTHEUSEOFSHEETGLASSPOWDERASFINEAGGREGATEREPLACEMENTINCONCRETEJOPENCIVILENGINEERINGJOURNAL,2010,46571畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯院系系土木工程與建筑系年級專年級專業(yè)業(yè)姓名名學(xué)號號附件件THEUSEOFSHEETGLASSPOWDERASFINEAGGREGATEREPLACEMENTINCONCRETE指導(dǎo)老師評語指導(dǎo)教師簽名年月日2WASTEGLASSESALWAYSCRACKS2,6VERYLIMITEDWORKHASBEENCONDUCTEDFORTHEUSEOFGROUNDGLASSASACONCRETEREPLACEMENT7THESEWASTESTORAGEDISPOSALSAREBECOMINGASERIOUSENVIRONMENTALPROBLEMESPECIALLYFORCHIDAMBARAMWHEREPLACEDISPOSALSITESARELACKINGHENCETHEREISANEEDFORRECYCLINGMOREANDMOREWASTEMATERIALSTHEMOSTWIDELYUSEDFINEAGGREGATEFORTHEMAKINGOFCONCRETEISTHENATURALSANDMINEDFROMTHERIVERBEDSHOWEVER,THEAVAILABILITYOFRIVERSANDFORTHEPREPARATIONOFCONCRETEISBECOMINGSCARCEDUETOTHEEXCESSIVENONSCIENTIFICMETHODSOFMININGFROMTHERIVERBEDS,LOWERINGOFWATERTABLE,SINKINGOFTHEBRIDGEPIERS,ETCAREBECOMINGCOMMONTREATS5THEPRESENTSCENARIODEMANDSIDENTIFICATIONOFSUBSTITUTEMATERIALSFORTHERIVERSANDFORMAKINGCONCRETERECENTLY,SOMEATTEMPTSHAVEBEENMADETOUSEGROUNDGLASSASAREPLACEMENTINCONCRETE810THEOBJECTIVEOFTHISPAPERISTOPRESENTTHERESULTSOFEXPERIMENTALINVESTIGATIONSONPHYSICALANDMECHANICALPROPERTIESOFCONCRETEMADEWITHSHEETGLASSPOWDERCONCRETENATURALFINEAGGREGATEISSUBSTITUTEDBYWEIGHTBYSHEETGLASSPOWDERATRATESVARYINGFROM10,20,30,40AND50PERCENTAGESCOMPRESSIVE,TENSION,ANDFLEXURALSTRENGTHAREEVALUATEDANDCOMPAREDUPTO180DAYSOFAGESSPECIFICPROPERTIESOFCONCRETEMATERIALSANDSHEETGLASSPOWDERAREALSOSTUDIEDMATERIALSANDMETHODSTHERAWMATERIALS,USEDFORTHISSTUDYARENATURALCOARSEAGGREGATE,FINEAGGREGATE,SHEETGLASSPOWDERSGPAGGREGATEAND53GRADESPORTLANDCEMENTTHESHEETGLASSUSEDFORTHISSTUDYWASCOLLECTEDFROMTHEPOINTSINCHIDAMBARAMTALUKATCUDDALOREDISTRICTSHEETGLASSISCONVERTEDINTOFINEAGGREGATEASSHOWNINFLOWCHARTFIG1ANDTHEPROCEDUREFORMAKINGSHEETGLASSCRETEISSHOWNINFLOWCHARTFIG2SHEETGLASSCOLLECTEDFROMSHOPSISSHOWNINFIG3,SHEETGLASSCRUSHEDISSHOWNINFIG4ANDSHEETGLASSPOWDERISSHOWNINFIG5SHEETGLASSPOWDERUSINGSIEVESIZEFROM475MMONWARDSISSHOWNINFIG6TABLE1SHOWSTHEFINENESSMODULUSRESULTSOFS,SGP,S10SGP,S20SGP,S30SGP,S40SGPANDS50SGPFIG3SHOWSTHEFINEAGGREGATEMATERIALOFGRADINGCURVEANDALSOSGP,S10SGP,S20SGP,S30SGP,S40SGPS50SGPAND100SGPTHESANDUSEDFORTHESTUDYWASLOCALLYAVAILABLERIVERSANDCONFORMINGTOGRADINGZONEIIIOFIS3831970THECOARSEAGGREGATEWASANORMALWEIGHTAGGREGATEWITHAMAXIMUMSIZEOF20MMIS4562000TABLE2SHOWSTHEPHYSICALPROPERTIESOFSGPANDFINEANDCOARSEAGGREGATETABLE3SHOWSCHEMICALCHARACTERISTICSOFTHESGPMATERIALTHECONTROLMIXOFTHECONCRETEWASDESIGNEDWITHAMIXRATIOOFCEMENT/WATER/SAND/COARSEOF1048166361BYWEIGHTTHISMIXDESIGNYIELDEDANAVERAGE28DAYSCOMPRESSIVESTRENGTH41MPATHESANDWASREPLACEDWITH10,20,30,40,AND50SGP

簡介：中文中文5351字出處出處ENVIRONMENTALEARTHSCIENCES,2011,622357365外文原文SURFACESETTLEMENTPREDICTIONSFORISTANBULMETROTUNNELSEXCAVATEDBYEPBTBMSGERCELEBIHCOPURIOCAKABSTRACTINTHISSTUDY,SHORTTERMSURFACESETTLEMENTSAREPREDICTEDFORTWINTUNNELS,WHICHARETOBEEXCAVATEDINTHECHAINAGEOF0850TO0900MBETWEENTHEESENLERANDKIRAZLISTATIONSOFTHEISTANBULMETROLINE,WHICHIS4KMINLENGTHTHETOTALLENGTHOFTHEEXCAVATIONLINEIS212KMBETWEENESENLERANDBASAKSEHIRTUNNELSAREEXCAVATEDBYEMPLOYINGTWOEARTHPRESSUREBALANCEEPBTUNNELBORINGMACHINESTBMSTHATHAVETWINTUBESOF65MDIAMETERANDWITH14MDISTANCEFROMCENTERTOCENTERTHETBMINTHERIGHTTUBEFOLLOWSABOUT100MBEHINDTHEOTHERTUBESEGMENTALLININGOF14MLENGTHISCURRENTLYEMPLOYEDASTHEFINALSUPPORTSETTLEMENTPREDICTIONSAREPERFORMEDWITHFINITEELEMENTMETHODBYUSINGPLAXISFINITEELEMENTPROGRAMEXCAVATION,GROUNDSUPPORTANDFACESUPPORTSTEPSINFEMANALYSESARESIMULATEDASAPPLIEDINTHEFIELDPREDICTIONSAREPERFORMEDFORATYPICALGEOLOGICALZONE,WHICHISCONSIDEREDASCRITICALINTERMSOFSURFACESETTLEMENTGEOLOGYINTHESTUDYAREAISCOMPOSEDOFFILL,VERYSTIFFCLAY,DENSESAND,VERYDENSESANDANDHARDCLAY,RESPECTIVELY,STARTINGFROMTHESURFACEINADDITIONTOFINITEELEMENTMODELING,THESURFACESETTLEMENTSAREALSOPREDICTEDBYUSINGSEMITHEORETICALSEMIEMPIRICALANDANALYTICALMETHODSTHERESULTSINDICATETHATTHEFEMODELPREDICTSWELLTHESHORTTERMSURFACESETTLEMENTSFORAGIVENVOLUMELOSSVALUETHERESULTSOFSEMITHEORETICALANDANALYTICALMETHODSAREFOUNDTOBEINGOODAGREEMENTWITHTHEFEMODELTHERESULTSOFPREDICTIONSARECOMPAREDANDVERIFIEDBYFIELDMEASUREMENTSITISSUGGESTEDTHATGROUTINGOFTHEEXCAVATIONVOIDSHOULDBEPERFORMEDASFASTASPOSSIBLEAFTEREXCAVATIONOFASECTIONASAPRECAUTIONAGAINSTSURFACESETTLEMENTSDURINGEXCAVATIONFACEPRESSUREOFTHETBMSSHOULDBECLOSELYMONITOREDANDADJUSTEDFORDIFFERENTZONESKEYWORDSSURFACESETTLEMENTPREDICTION_FINITEELEMENTMETHOD_ANALYTICALMETHOD_SEMITHEORETICALMETHOD_EPBTBMTUNNELING_ISTANBULMETROINTRODUCTIONINCREASINGDEMANDONINFRASTRUCTURESINCREASESATTENTIONTOSHALLOWSOFTGROUNDTUNNELINGMETHODSINURBANIZEDAREASMANYSURFACEANDSUBSURFACESTRUCTURESMAKEUNDERGROUNDCONSTRUCTIONWORKSVERYDELICATEDUETOTHEINFLUENCEOFGROUNDCONDITIONS,THELONGTERMSETTLEMENTSMAYBECONSIDEREDASVERYLIMITEDTHEREAREMAINLYTHREESETTLEMENTPREDICTIONAPPROACHESFORMECHANIZEDTUNNELEXCAVATIONS1NUMERICALANALYSISSUCHASFINITEELEMENTMETHOD,2ANALYTICALMETHODAND3SEMITHEORETICALSEMIEMPIRICALMETHODAMONGTHEM,THENUMERICALAPPROACHESARETHEMOSTRELIABLEONESHOWEVER,THERESULTSOFALLMETHODSSHOULDBEUSEDCAREFULLYBYANEXPERIENCEDFIELDENGINEERINDESIGNINGTHESTAGEOFANEXCAVATIONPROJECTINTHISSTUDY,ALLTHREEPREDICTIONMETHODSAREEMPLOYEDFORACRITICALZONETOPREDICTTHESHORTTERMMAXIMUMSURFACESETTLEMENTSABOVETHETWINTUNNELSOFTHECHAINAGEBETWEEN0850AND0900MBETWEENESENLERANDKIRAZLISTATIONSOFISTANBULMETROLINE,WHICHIS4KMINLENGTHPLAXISFINITEELEMENTMODELINGPROGRAMISUSEDFORNUMERICALMODELINGTHEMETHODSUGGESTEDBYLOGANATHANANDPOULOS1998ISUSEDFORTHEANALYTICALSOLUTIONAFEWDIFFERENTSEMITHEORETICALMODELSAREALSOUSEDFORPREDICTIONSTHERESULTSARECOMPAREDANDVALIDATEDBYFIELDMEASUREMENTSDESCRIPTIONOFTHEPROJECT,SITEANDCONSTRUCTIONMETHODTHEFIRSTCONSTRUCTIONPHASEOFISTANBULMETROLINEWASSTARTEDIN1992ANDOPENEDTOPUBLICIN2000THISLINEISBEINGEXTENDEDGRADUALLY,ASWELLASNEWLINESAREBEINGCONSTRUCTEDINOTHERLOCATIONSONEOFTHESEMETROLINESISTHETWINLINEBETWEENESENLERANDBASAKSEHIR,WHICHIS212KMTHEEXCAVATIONOFTHISSECTIONHASBEENSTARTEDINMAY2006CURRENTLY,AROUND1,400MOFEXCAVATIONHASALREADYBEENCOMPLETEDTHEREGIONISHIGHLYPOPULATEDINCLUDINGSEVERALSTORYBUILDINGS,INDUSTRIALZONESANDHEAVYTRAFFICALIGNMENTANDSTATIONSOFTHEMETROLINEBETWEENESENLERANDBASAKSEHIRISPRESENTEDINFIG1

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簡介：STUDYONNEURALNETWORKSCONTROLALGORITHMSFORAUTOMOTIVEADAPTIVESUSPENSIONSYSTEMSLJFU,JGCAOSCHOOLOFAUTOMOBILEENGINEERING,CHONGQINGINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGY,XINGSHENGROADNO04YANGJIAPING,CHONGQING,CHINA400050EMAILFLJCQITEDUCNABSTRACTTHESEMIACTIVESUSPENSION,WHICHCONSISTSOFPASSIVESPRINGANDACTIVESHOCKABSORBERINTHELIGHTOFDIFFERENTROADCONDITIONSANDAUTOMOBILERUNNINGCONDITIONS,ISTHEMOSTPOPULARAUTOMOTIVESUSPENSIONBECAUSEACTIVESUSPENSIONISCOMPLICATEDINSTRUCTUREANDPASSIVESUSPENSIONCANNOTMEETTHEDEMANDSOFVARIOUSROADCONDITIONSANDAUTOMOBILERUNNINGCONDITIONSINTHISPAPER,ANEUROFUZZYADAPTIVECONTROLCONTROLLERVIAMODELINGOFRECURRENTNEURALNETWORKSOFAUTOMOTIVESUSPENSIONISPRESENTEDTHEMODELINGOFNEURALNETWORKSHASIDENTIFIEDAUTOMOTIVESUSPENSIONDYNAMICPARAMETERSANDPROVIDEDLEARNINGSIGNALSTONEUROFUZZYADAPTIVECONTROLCONTROLLERINORDERTOVERIFYCONTROLRESULTS,AMINIBUSFITTEDWITHMAGNETORHEOLOGICALFLUIDSHOCKABSORBERANDNEUROFUZZYCONTROLSYSTEMBASEDONDSPMICROPROCESSORHASBEENEXPERIMENTEDWITHVARIOUSVELOCITYANDROADSURFACESTHECONTROLRESULTSHAVEBEENCOMPAREDWITHTHOSEOFOPENLOOPPASSIVESUSPENSIONSYSTEMTHESERESULTSSHOWTHATNEURALCONTROLALGORITHMEXHIBITSGOODPERFORMANCETOREDUCTIONOFMINIBUSVIBRATIONIINTRODUCTIONTHEMAINFUNCTIONSOFAUTOMOTIVESUSPENSIONSYSTEMARETOPROVIDESUPPORTTHEWEIGHTOFAUTOMOBILE,TOPROVIDESTABILITYANDDIRECTIONCONTROLDURINGHANDLINGMANEUVERSANDTOPROVIDEEFFECTIVEISOLATIONFROMROADDISTURBANCESTHESEDIFFERENTTASKSLEADTOCONFLICTINGDESIGNREQUIREMENTSTHESEMIACTIVESUSPENSION,WHICHCONSISTSOFPASSIVESPRINGANDACTIVESHOCKABSORBERWITHCONTROLLABLEDAMPINGFORCEINTHELIGHTOFDIFFERENTROADCONDITIONSANDAUTOMOBILERUNNINGCONDITIONS,ISTHEMOSTPOPULARAUTOMOTIVESUSPENSIONBECAUSETHEACTIVESUSPENSIONISCOMPLICATEDINSTRUCTUREANDCONVENTIONALPASSIVESUSPENSIONCANNOTMEETTHEDEMANDSOFDIFFERENTROADCONDITIONSANDAUTOMOBILERUNNINGCONDITIONSSIMIACTIVESUSPENSIONWITHVARIABLEMAGNETORHEOLOGICALMRFLUIDSHOCKABSORBERSHASSOMEADVANTAGESINREDUCINGAUTOMOBILEVIBRATIONATRELATIVELOWCASTANDPOWERSOFAR,THEREAREANUMBEROFCONTROLMETHODSTHATHAVEBEENDEVELOPEDFORSEMIACTIVESUSPENSION,STARTWITHSKYHOOKMETHODDESCRIBEDBYKARNOOPP,ETALLTHISMETHODATTEMPTSTOMAKETHESHOCKABSORBEREXERTAFORCETHATISPROPORTIONALTOTHEABSOLUTEVELOCITYBETWEENSPRUNGMASSESSOMEINVESTIGATIONSUSECRLIAO,BCHENSCHOOLOFAUTOMOBILEENGINEERING,CHONGQINGINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGY,XINGSHENGROADNO04YANGJIAPING,CHONGQING,CHINA400050EMAILCHENBAOCQITEDUCNLINEARSUSPENSIONMODEL,WHICHISLINEARIZEDAROUNDTHEOPERATIONALPOINTS,ANDCONTROLALGORITHMAREDERIVEDUSINGLINEARMODELS,SUCHASLQGANDROBUSTCONTROL2,3THESECONTROLMETHODSCANNOTMAKEAFULLEXPLOITATIONOFSEMIACTIVESUSPENSIONRESOURCESBECAUSEOFAUTOMOTIVESUSPENSIONISINHERENTNONLINEARPERFORMANCEINORDERTOIMPROVEPERFORMANCEOFNONLINEARSUSPENSIONSYSTEM,SOMEINTELLIGENTCONTROLTECHNIQUES,SUCHASFUZZYLOGICCONTROL,NEURALNETWORKSCONTROLANDNEUROFUZZYCONTROL,HAVEBEENRECENTLYAPPLIEDTONONLINEARSUSPENSIONCONTROLBYRESEARCHERS4,5INTHISPAPER,ANEUROFUZZYADAPTIVECONTROLCONTROLLERISAPPLIEDTOCONTROLSUSPENSIONVIBRATIONVIAMODELINGOFRECURRENTNEURALNETWORKSOFAUTOMOTIVESUSPENSIONANDCONTINUOUSLYVARIABLEMRSHOCKABSORBERSTHECONTROLLERSTRUCTURESDESIGNANDNEUROFUZZYCONTROLALGORITHMSAREPRESENTEDINSECTION2ARECURRENTNEURALNETWORKSDYNAMICSMODELINGOFSUSPENSIONARESHOWNRESPECTIVELYINSECTION3THECONTROLSYSTEMEXPERIMENTATIONSAREGIVENINSECTION4ANDSOMECONCLUSIONSAREFINALLYDRAWNINSECTION5HINEUROFUZZYADAPTIVECONTROLALGORITHMSFORAUTOMOTIVESUSPENSIONSTHENEUROFUZZYCONTROLSYSTEMPRESENTEDINTHISPAPER,SHOWNINFIGURE1,ISCOMPOSEDOFANEUROFUZZYNETWORKANDARECURRENTNEURALNETWORKMODELINGOFMINIBUSSUSPENSIONTHENEUROFUZZYNETWORKISDEFINEDASADAPTIVECONTROLLER,WHICHHASFUNCTIONOFLEARNINGANDCONTROLTHEFUNCTIONOFRECURRENTNEURALNETWORKISTOIDENTIFYMINIBUSSUSPENSIONMODELPARAMETERSYTANDYDTARESYSTEMACTUALOUTPUTANDSYSTEMDESIREOUTPUTRESPECTIVELYINFIGURE1XLTISSYSTEMERROROFSYSTEMACTUALOUTPUTBETWEENSYSTEMDESIREOUTPUT,X2TISSYSTEMERRORRATEOFSYSTEMACTUALOUTPUTBETWEENSYSTEMDESIREOUTPUTXITANDX2TAREDEFINEDASFELLOWSXITETYTYDT1X2TETET1ET20780394224/05/2000C2005IEEE1795WHEREWI,,W°AREWEIGHTOFTHERECURRENTNEURALNETWORK,XJTISOUTPUTOFNEURONWITHLOCALFEEDBACKLOOPNEURONINTHEHIDDENLAYER,P,QAREINPUTNEURONNUMBERANDFEEDBACKNEURONNUMBERRESPECTIVELYTHEACTIVATIONFUNCTIONFORBOTHINPUTNEURONSANDOUTPUTNEURONSISLINEARFUNCTION,WHILETHEACTIVATIONFORNEURONSINTHEHIDDENLAYERISSIGMOIDFUNCTIONHEOBJECTIVEFUNCTIONETCANBEDEFMEDINTHETERMSOFTHEERRORSIGNALETASET_YTYT21E2T722THATIS,ETISTHEINSTANTANEOUSVALUEOFTHEERRORENERGYTHESTEPBYSTEPADJUSTMENTSTOTHESYNAPTICWEIGHTSOFNEURONARECONTINUEDUNTILTHESYSTEMREACHSTEADYSTATE,IETHESYNAPTICWEIGHTSAREESSENTIALLYSTABILIZEDDIFFERENTIATINGETWITHRESPECTTOWEIGHTVECTORWYIELDSAET__8ET0Y8FROMEXPRESSION1,2AND3,DIFFERENTIATINGAT0DIWITHRESPECTTOTHEWEIGHTVECTORW1W,,W,YRESPECTIVELYYIELDSASTXTASTWOAX1QWAXITAWJJAWJFROM4,5AND6,ANALYZINGVALUEOFSYNAPTICWEIGHTISDETERMINEDBYWT1WTQET89T12WHEREQTHELEANINGRATEPARAMETER,ADETAILEDCONVERGENCEANALYSISOFTHERECURRENTTRAININGALGORITHMISRATHERCOMPLICATEDTOACQUIRETHELEANINGRATEPARAMETERVALUEACCORDINGTOEXPRESSION13,THEWEIGHTVECTORWFORRECURRENTNEURALNETWORKCANBEADJUSTEDWEESTABLISHATHELYAPUNOVFUNCTIONASFOLLOWSVT1/2E2T,WH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簡介：26FEBRUARY,2014INTJAGRIC7126－351INTRODUCTION?SAUDIARABIAISONEOFTHECOUNTRIESTHATFACINGGREATCHALLENGESDUETOITSLIMITEDWATERRESOURCESINANARIDCLIMATEFORWHEATPRODUCTION,CONSIDERINGASTRATEGICCROPDEMANDASTHEPOPULATIONINCREASESGREATLYWHEATISTHEMOSTIMPORTANTSTAPLECROPPRODUCEDINTHEKINGDOMOFSAUDIARABIAKSAITSCULTIVATIONAREAWASESTIMATEDATABOUT195884HECTAREIN2009,WITHTOTALPRODUCTIONOFABOUT115MILLIONTONSPERYEARWHEATRECEIVEDDATE20131127ACCEPTEDDATE20140220BIOGRAPHYHUSSEINMOHAMMEDALGHOBARI,EMAILHGOBARIKSUEDUSACORRESPONDINGAUTHORMOHAMEDSAIDABDALLAELMARAZKY,DEPARTMENTOFAGRICULTUREENGINEERINGKINGSAUDUNIVERSITYPOBOX2460,RIYADH11451,KINGDOMOFSAUDIARABIAEMAILMELMARAZKYKSUEDUSACULTIVATEDAREAWASESTIMATEDATABOUT42OFTHETOTALCULTIVATEDAREAINKSA1,ANDSEASONALWATERCONSUMPTIONWASESTIMATEDAT414MMINEASTERNREGION2THISWASQUANTIFIEDBY8347MMAND6558MMFORTHESAMEREGIONUNDERFLOODANDSPRINKLERIRRIGATIONSYSTEMSCONDITION,RESPECTIVELY,WHILETHESEASONALWATERCONSUMPTIONFORTHECENTRALREGIONANDNORTHERNBORDERWASESTIMATEDAT675MMAND600MM,RESPECTIVELY,BYUSINGSPRINKLERIRRIGATION3THEAUTHORALSOREPORTEDTHEHIGHESTWATERCONSUMPTIONINTHEKSA,WHICHWASABOUT9563MMINALMEDINAREGIONPROPERSCHEDULINGOFSPRINKLERIRRIGATIONISCRITICALFOREFFICIENTWATERMANAGEMENTINCROPPRODUCTION,PARTICULARLYUNDERCONDITIONSOFWATERSCARCITY4THESTUDYONTHEAPPLIEDAMOUNTOFSPRINKLERIRRIGATIONWATER,IRRIGATIONFREQUENCYANDWATERUSEAREPARTICULARLYIMPORTANTINORDERTOOBTAINHIGHERYIELDS5SPRINKLER28FEBRUARY,2014INTJAGRICTHEOTHERONEUSEDFORCONTROLEXPERIMENTWHICHWASUSINGIRRIGATIONMANUALLYBASEDONETCVALUESASTRIPOFLAND,10MINWIDTHWASUSEDASABUFFERZONEBETWEENPLOTSTHESOILTYPEINTHEPLOTAREAWASSANDYLOAMSOMESOILPHYSICALPROPERTIESOFTHEEXPERIMENTALFIELDRELATEDTOIRRIGATIONARESHOWNINTABLE2SOLIDSPRINKLERIRRIGATIONSYSTEMSWEREINSTALLEDFORBOTHWHEATPLOTSSISANDCISTHESESYSTEMSWEREEVALUATEDANDFOUNDTOBECAPABLETOACHIEVEHIGHPERFORMANCEANDWATERUNIFORMITYFORIRRIGATEDAREATHEFIELDSTUDYWASCARRIEDOUTINSPLITPLOTDESIGNEDWITHTHREEREPLICATESUSEDWITHIRRIGATIONMETHODSASMAINPLOTSANDIRRIGATIONLEVELSASSUBPLOTSEACHPLOTCONSISTSOFEIGHTSPRINKLERSTOCOVERCULTIVATEDAREAOF24M9MIRRIGATIONSYSTEMSWEREEQUIPPEDWITHCONTROLLERSTOCONTROLTHEPRESSUREBYUSINGPRESSUREREGULATORS,ANDFLOWMETERSTOMEASURETHEAMOUNTOFWATERAPPLIEDINEACHIRRIGATIONEVENTTHISSPRINKLERSYSTEMHASBEENDESIGNEDANDINSTALLEDFOREACHFIELDPLOTWITHPVCLATERALS,ANDWERECONNECTEDTOTHESUBMAINANDMAINPIPESTHESPRINKLERHEADSWEREFITTEDONTHETOPOFTHESPRINKLERRISERS,WHICHWEREGALVANIZEDSTEELPIPESTHEFIELDEVALUATIONSOFSPRINKLERSYSTEMWERECARRIEDOUTUNIFORMITYINDEXVALUESWEREFOUNDTOBEWITHINACCEPTABLERESULTSANDREPRESENTINGGOODWATERDISTRIBUTIONUNIFORMITYTABLE2PHYSICALCHARACTERISTICCISOFDIFFERENTSOILLAYERSUNDERSTUDYPARTICLESIZEDISTRIBUTION/BD/GCM3PWP/M3M3FC/M3M3SOILTEXTURECLASSCLAYSILTSANDLAYERDEPTH/CM1645321474SANDYLOAM1342117774810201616541727SANDYLOAM15711165726420301596581590SANDYLOAM14831482703530601616151597SANDYLOAM146512757260AVERAGENOTEBDBULKDENSITY,PWPPERMANENTWELTINGPOINT,FCFIELDCAPACITY23COMPONENTS,FUNCTIONS,ANDINSTALLATIONOFTHESMARTSYSTEMTHESISCHOSENFORTHISSTUDYWASTHEHUNTERETSYSTEMTHEUSEOFTHETRADENAMEDOESNOTIMPLYPROMOTIONOFTHISPRODUCTITISMENTIONEDFORRESEARCHPURPOSESONLYTHESMARTCONTROLLERSINTEGRATEMANYDISCIPLINESTOPRODUCEASIGNIFICANTIMPROVEMENTINCROPPRODUCTIONANDRESOURCEMANAGEMENT21THISSYSTEMISNOTCONSIDEREDASTHEBESTSYSTEM,BUTITWASINEXPENSIVEANDAVAILABLEONTHELOCALMARKETTHESISWASINSTALLEDACCORDINGTOTHEMANUFACTURER’SINSTRUCTIONSINTHEFIELDFORTHEPLANNEDEXPERIMENTSITCANBECUSTOMIZEDBYSTATIONOR“ZONE”FORSPECIFICPLANTS,SOILSANDDRIPTYPESTHISTYPEOFSYSTEMUSESDIGITALELECTRONICCONTROLLERSANDMODULES,ANDITSPLATFORMCANBEWIREDTOANETCMODULETHATCANSENSETHELOCALCLIMATICCONDITIONSVIADIFFERENTSENSORSTHATMEASUREWINDSPEED,RAINFALL,SOLARRADIATION,AIRTEMPERATUREANDRELATIVEHUMIDITYTHEETCMODULETHENRECEIVESDATAFROMTHEETCSENSORAND

簡介：JOURNALOFCONSTRUCTIONALSTEELRESEARCH6220061192–1198WWWELSEVIERCOM/LOCATE/JCSRCONSIDERATIONSONRECENTTRENDSIN,ANDFUTUREPROSPECTSOF,STEELBRIDGECONSTRUCTIONINJAPANTOSHIYUKIKITADA?DEPARTMENTOFCIVILENGINEERING,OSAKACITYUNIVERSITY,OSAKA,JAPANABSTRACTINTHISPAPER,CONSIDERATIONISGIVENONRECENTTRENDSIN,ANDREQUIREMENTSFORABRIGHTFUTUREOF,STEELBRIDGECONSTRUCTIONINJAPANASFARASRECENTTRENDSARECONCERNED,ITISOBSERVEDTHATTHECONSTRUCTIONOFLONGANDBIGSTEELBRIDGESHASPRACTICALLYBEENCOMPLETEDCONSEQUENTLY,THEFOCUSOFRECENTMAINWORKSISTHEMAINTENANCEOFSUPERANNUATEDOVERAGEDBRIDGESANDTHESEISMICRETROFITTINGOFEXISTINGBRIDGESTHEREFRESHMENTANDREGENERATIONOFSOMESUPERANNUATEDBRIDGESISALSONEEDEDRECENTLYINORDERTOMITIGATETHEUNCOMFORTABLEINFLUENCEOFTHESEBRIDGESONTHEIRSURROUNDINGENVIRONMENTASFORABRIGHTFUTUREINSTEELBRIDGECONSTRUCTION,FIRSTANDFOREMOSTITISEMPHASIZEDTHATTHESTEELBRIDGEINDUSTRYSHOULDBEABLETOATTRACT,TRAINANDRETAINBETTERSTUDENTSANDENGINEERSFORTHISPURPOSE,MAINTENANCEANDRETROFITTINGWORKSSHOULDBEECONOMICALLYREASONABLEJOBSTHENECESSITYANDIMPORTANCEOFTHESEWORKSSHOULDBEUNDERSTOODBYTHENATIONTHROUGHRETROFITTINGEXISTINGBRIDGESAGAINSTDISASTERSANDMITIGATINGTHEUNFAVOURABLEINFLUENCEOFBRIDGESTRUCTURESONTHEBRIDGEENVIRONMENTONTHEBASISOFTHECODEOFETHICSFORCIVILENGINEERSPROMULGATEDBYJSCEMOREOVER,BRIDGEENGINEERSSHOULDSEEKBETTERSOCIALSTATUSANDTHEBRIDGEENGINEERINGFIELDSHOULDBECOMEATTRACTIVETOYOUNGSTUDENTSWHOWILLBEARTHEFUTUREOFTHISFIELDC?2006ELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVEDKEYWORDSSTEELBRIDGECONSTRUCTIONMAINTENANCEBRIDGEENVIRONMENTCIVILENGINEERINGETHICSSTATEOFTHEART1INTRODUCTIONTHEAKASHIKAIKYOBRIDGEISNOWCROSSINGTHEAKASHISTRAITWITHACENTRESPANLENGTHOF1991M,MAKINGITTHELONGESTSUSPENSIONBRIDGEINTHEWORLDTATARABRIDGE,THELONGESTCABLESTAYEDBRIDGE,WITHAMAINSPANLENGTHOF890M,ISSTANDINGNOWONONEOFTHECROSSSEAROUTESCONNECTINGTHEHONSHUANDSHIKOKUISLANDSTECHNOLOGICALANDFINANCIALBACKGROUNDSHAVEPERMITTEDTHEACCOMPLISHMENTOFMANYLARGEPROJECTSPERTAININGTOTHECONSTRUCTIONOFTHESELARGESCALESTEELBRIDGESINBAYROUTESANDCROSSSEAHIGHWAYSATTHETIMEOFTHEIRINCEPTION,JAPANWASSTILLADEVELOPINGCOUNTRYANDMOREINFRASTRUCTUREWASNEEDEDTHESEDAYS,HOWEVER,THEPLANNINGFORTHECONSTRUCTIONOFLONGSPANSTEELBRIDGESHASPRACTICALLYFINISHEDDUETOSERIOUSECONOMICRECESSIONINTHECIVILENGINEERINGFIELDWHICHSHOULD?CORRESPONDINGADDRESSBRIDGEENGINEERINGLABORATORY,DEPARTMENTOFCIVILENGINEERING,OSAKACITYUNIVERSITY,33138SUGIMOTOSUMIYOSHIKU,5588585OSAKA,JAPANTEL81666052734FAX81666052765EMAILADDRESSKITADACIVILENGOSAKACUACJPBEDISTINGUISHEDFROMTHEBUILDINGINDUSTRY,NEWCONSTRUCTIONISNOTLARGESCALEINTHEFAIRLYWELLDEVELOPEDJAPAN,ITISNOLONGERCONSIDEREDAMAININDUSTRIALSECTOR1INJAPAN,MANYBRIDGESWEREINTENSIVELYCONSTRUCTEDINTHE1960S–80S,DURINGTHEPERIODOFHIGHECONOMICGROWTH,WITHTHENUMBEROFBRIDGESCONSTRUCTEDPERYEARDECREASINGRECENTLYTOHALFOFTHEOVERALLPEAKMORESPECIFICALLY,THESTEELBRIDGEINDUSTRYREACHEDTHEGOLDENAGEINTHELATTERHALFOFTHE1960SHOWEVER,THELATESTDATAINDICATESTHATTHERECENTNUMBEROFCONSTRUCTEDSTEELBRIDGESHASDECLINEDTOAPPROXIMATELY40OFITSPEAK,THOUGHTHENUMBEROFCONSTRUCTEDRCANDPCBRIDGESREMAINSALMOSTCONSTANTFROMTHEBEGINNINGOF1960TODATEAFTERTHECONSTRUCTIONOFMANYBRIDGESASONEOFTHEIMPORTANTINFRASTRUCTURES,BRIDGESWERECONSTRUCTEDPREDOMINANTLYINPLACESOFDIRECTNEEDRECENTLY,ITISOBSERVEDTHATVARIOUSKINDSOFDAMAGEHAVEOCCURREDTOMANYBRIDGESMAINLYCONSTRUCTEDINTHE1960SESPECIALLYFOLLOWINGTHEINVESTIGATIONOFDAMAGETOSTEELSTRUCTURESDUETOTHEHYOGOKENNAMBUEARTHQUAKEWHICHOCCURREDIN1995,IMPORTANCEHASBEENATTACHEDTOSEISMICDESIGNFORTHECONSTRUCTIONOFNEWBRIDGESANDTOSEISMIC0143974X/SEEFRONTMATTERC?2006ELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVEDDOI101016/JJCSR2006060161194TKITADA/JOURNALOFCONSTRUCTIONALSTEELRESEARCH6220061192–119814FURTHERMORE,MANYDRIVERSNOWCOMPLAINABOUTTHEUNCOMFORTABLEFEELINGINDRIVINGOVERSOMEBRIDGESDUETOBIGGAPSANDMISALIGNMENTSATTHEIREXPANSIONJOINTSMANYNEIGHBORHOODSINCLOSEPROXIMITYTOSOMESUPERANNUATEDBRIDGESALSOCOMPLAINABOUTNOISEANDVIBRATIONFROMTHEBRIDGES15CONSIDERINGTHESECIRCUMSTANCES,THEREFRESHMENTANDRECREATIONOFSOMESUPERANNUATEDBRIDGESSEEMSTOBENEEDEDTOADDRESSISSUESRELATEDTOBRIDGESAFETYANDTOTHEUNCOMFORTABLEINFLUENCEOFTHEBRIDGESONTHEIRSURROUNDINGENVIRONMENT16RECENTLYJOBSINSTEELBRIDGEINDUSTRYHAVEDECLINEDSUBSTANTIALLY22RECENTMAINWORKS1CONSTRUCTIONOFNEWBRIDGESINTHENEWCONSTRUCTIONSECTOR,THEREISSEVERECOMPETITIONBETWEENTHESTEELBRIDGEANDCONCRETEBRIDGEINDUSTRIESTHISISBECAUSETHECONSTRUCTIONOFLONGSPANANDBIGBRIDGES,WHICHOCCUPIEDTHESTEELBRIDGEINDUSTRY,HASDECLINEDAND,CONSEQUENTLY,THESTEELBRIDGEINDUSTRYTRIESTOWINJOBSMAINLYINTHECONSTRUCTIONOFMIDSPANBRIDGES,TYPICALLYWITHASPANLENGTHOF40–80MASARESULT,MANYECONOMICAL,RATIONALANDMIDSPANBRIDGESWITHNEWTYPESOFSTRUCTURESHAVEBEENDEVELOPEDBYBOTHSTEELANDCONCRETEBRIDGEINDUSTRIESTHEFOLLOWINGNEWTYPESOFSTEELBRIDGESWEREDEVELOPEDINSEEKINGTOEXPANDTHEMARKETFORNEWCONSTRUCTION,TOINCLUDEBRIDGESWITHMEDIUMSPANLENGTH–PLATEGIRDERBRIDGESMADEOFTHICKSTEELPLATES,WITHFEWERSTIFFENERSANDLESSWELDINGLINESFORCOSTREDUCTION–TWOMAINPLATEGIRDERBRIDGESWITHPCDECKS–CONTINUOUS,COMPOSITEANDTWOMAINPLATEGIRDERBRIDGES–TWONARROWBOXGIRDERBRIDGES–CONTINUOUSCOMPOSITETWONARROWBOXGIRDERBRIDGESSTRENGTHENEDBYCABLESTOIN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簡介：1畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）計(jì)（論文）外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯題目金融銀行信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理與知識管理金融銀行信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理與知識管理教學(xué)院院經(jīng)濟(jì)與管理學(xué)院經(jīng)濟(jì)與管理學(xué)院專業(yè)名稱專業(yè)名稱工商管理工商管理3FIELDSAYBüBEAURUM20043ANALYZESKNOWLEDGEMANAGEMENTINSOFTWAREENGINEERINGANDDJHARVEY＆RHOLDSWORTH20054STUDYKNOWLEDGEMANAGEMENTINTHEAEROSPACEINDUSTRYLIYANG20075STUDIESKNOWLEDGEMANAGEMENTININFORMATIONBASEDEDUCATIONANDJAYASUNDARA＆CHAMINDACHIRAN20086REVIEWTHEPREVAILINGLITERATUREONKNOWLEDGEMANAGEMENTINBANKINGINDUSTRIESLIANGPINGANDWUKEBAO20107STUDYTHEINCENTIVEMECHANISMOFKNOWLEDGEMANAGEMENTINBANKINGTHEREAREALSOMANYPAPERSABOUTRISKSANALYSISANDRISKSMANAGEMENTBEFORETHE1980S,THEDOMINANTMATHEMATICALTHEORYOFRISKSANALYSISWASTODESCRIBEAPAIROFRANDOMVECTORSBUT,THESIMPLIFICATIONASSUMPTIONSANDMETHODSUSEDBYCLASSICALCOMPETINGRISKSANALYSISCAUSEDCONTROVERSYANDCRITICISMSTARTINGAROUNDTHE1980S,ANALTERNATIVEFORMULATIONOFRISKANALYSISWASDEVELOPED,WITHTHEHOPETOBETTERRESOLVETHEISSUESOFFAILUREDEPENDENCYANDDISTRIBUTIONIDENTIFIABILITYTHENEWFORMULATIONISUNIVARIATERISKANALYSISACCORDINGTOCROWDER20018,DAVID＆MOESCHBERGER19789ANDHOUGAARD200010,UNIVARIATESURVIVALRISKANALYSISHASBEENDOMINANTLY,WHICHISBASEDONTHEIIDASSUMPTIONSINDEPENDENTANDIDENTICALLYDISTRIBUTEDOR,ATLEAST,BASEDONTHEINDEPENDENTFAILUREASSUMPTIONDISTRIBUTIONFREEREGRESSIONMODELINGALLOWSONETOINVESTIGATETHEINFLUENCESOFMULTIPLECOVARIATESONTHEFAILURE,ANDITRELAXESTHEASSUMPTIONOFIDENTICALFAILUREDISTRIBUTIONANDTOSOMEEXTENT,ITALSORELAXESTHESINGLEFAILURERISKRESTRICTIONHOWEVER,THEINDEPENDENTFAILURESASWELLASSINGLEFAILUREEVENTSARESTILLASSUMEDINTHEUNIVARIATESURVIVALANALYSISOFCOURSE,THESEDEFICIENCIESDONOTINVALIDATEUNIVARIATEANALYSIS,ANDINDEED,INMANYAPPLICATIONS,THOSEASSUMPTIONSAREREALISTICALLYVALIDBASEDONTHEABOVEMENTIONEDSTUDIES,MAANDKRINGS2008A,2008B11DISCUSSTHERELATIONSHIPANDDIFFERENCEOFUNIVARIATEANDMULTIVARIATEANALYSISINCALCULATINGRISKSASFORTHEPAPERSONMANAGINGTHERISKSINBANKS,LAWRENCEJWHITE200812STUDIESTHERISKSOFFINANCIALINNOVATIONSANDTAKESOUTSOMECOUNTERMEASURESTOREGULATEFINANCIALINNOVATIONSSHAOBAIQUAN201013STUDIESTHEWAYSTOMANAGETHERISKSINBANKSFROMTHEABOVEPAPERS,WECANSEETHATFEWSCHOLARSHAVESTUDIEDTHEWAYTOMANAGECREDITRISKSWITHKNOWLEDGEMANAGEMENTSOTHISPAPERWILLDISCUSSUSINGKNOWLEDGEMANAGEMENTTOMANAGECREDITRISKSFORFINANCIALBANKS

簡介：中文中文3125字畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）題目翻譯題目翻譯題目一種關(guān)于平臺(tái)型機(jī)械臂正運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)問題完整通用一種關(guān)于平臺(tái)型機(jī)械臂正運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)問題完整通用的解決的解決方法方法學(xué)院自動(dòng)化學(xué)院自動(dòng)化學(xué)院專業(yè)自動(dòng)化自動(dòng)化姓名班級學(xué)號指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)教師少數(shù)被動(dòng)關(guān)節(jié)變量,因此該方法的計(jì)算效率及其實(shí)現(xiàn)較為簡單。二、位置正運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)二、位置正運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)讓我們首先考慮一個(gè)如圖1所示的6自由度STEWART平臺(tái)。以移動(dòng)平臺(tái)的三個(gè)非線性點(diǎn)為考慮,分別為PII1,3。三個(gè)點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)表示的基礎(chǔ)參考系{0XY–2}可以表示為圖1一個(gè)通用6自由度開始平臺(tái)圖2局部和基礎(chǔ)坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)常數(shù)向量固定到基礎(chǔ)平臺(tái),,可以表示為B是從O點(diǎn)到點(diǎn)（見圖2）的距離；可以表示為B作為可伸長鏈接的長度，單位向量表示關(guān)節(jié)的方向，是關(guān)于局部坐標(biāo)系{}的方向向量，矩陣OI?Z?YI?ZI表示關(guān)于基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的局部結(jié)構(gòu)。為了方便起見，選擇局部坐標(biāo)系，這樣它的軸XI與相連，它的軸與基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的Z軸平行。因此旋轉(zhuǎn)矩陣可以表示為ZIR

簡介：中文9160字譯自ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCETECHNOLOGY，2013，47，74377445電子廢棄物拆解與管理的影響稻粒中重金屬隨時(shí)間和空間的分布、遷移和健電子廢棄物拆解與管理的影響稻粒中重金屬隨時(shí)間和空間的分布、遷移和健康潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)康潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)摘要摘要自2005年起，考慮到環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟(jì)兩方面的因素，中國在電子廢棄物處理處置領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)開始不斷強(qiáng)化管理、集中拆解和采用先進(jìn)循環(huán)回收技術(shù)等手段。在本研究中，為了研究砷、鎘、銅、鉛等元素隨時(shí)空的變化，采集了電子廢棄物拆解區(qū)2006年至2010年的水稻樣本。這些樣本中AS、CD、CU、PB含量的幾何平均值分別為111、217、4676、237NGG1。在取樣周期里，鉛含量的水平表現(xiàn)出顯著的下降趨勢，另外三種元素含量則保持相對連續(xù)甚至上升的趨勢。電子廢棄物拆解區(qū)的稻粒樣本中砷、鎘、銅、鉛濃度明顯高于其他地區(qū)P005，這表明電子垃圾拆解活動(dòng)與升高的鉛、銅、鎘含量之間的密切下相關(guān)。通過電子廢棄物拆解區(qū)大米消費(fèi)對人類進(jìn)行的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估表明調(diào)查結(jié)果中超過60的CD的危險(xiǎn)系數(shù)都超過1。研究結(jié)果表明嚴(yán)格貫徹電子廢棄垃圾拆解控制措施對控制重金屬向環(huán)境排放產(chǎn)生積極影響。然而，重金屬的環(huán)境行為不同于單個(gè)元素的地球化學(xué)特征。我們?nèi)匀恍枰嗟男迯?fù)技術(shù)以減少對周圍環(huán)境的重金屬污染。1引言引言近幾十年來，隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)和技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展，電力和電子設(shè)備廢物（EWASTE）的數(shù)量正持續(xù)增長，相應(yīng)的環(huán)境問題也造成了公眾對電子廢棄物處理處置的擔(dān)憂13。盡管巴塞爾公約對電子廢棄物的跨境轉(zhuǎn)移行為做出了嚴(yán)格地控制管理規(guī)定，大量的電子廢棄物還是通過違法途徑或“灰市”被輸出到中國、印度和非洲一些國家4。除此之外，近年來在中國生產(chǎn)出的本土電子廢棄物數(shù)量也在持續(xù)增加5。電子設(shè)備包含大量可回收的化學(xué)成分，其中稀有金屬最值得人們關(guān)注。這是電子廢棄物循環(huán)產(chǎn)業(yè)數(shù)量在近幾十年迅速增長的主要原因之一，尤其在發(fā)展中國家。由于安裝和操作的高成本，環(huán)境友好型循環(huán)回收技術(shù)對發(fā)展中國家，尤其是小型車間作坊來說并不是最佳的選擇6。因此，發(fā)展中國家的很多地區(qū)采用原始的電子廢棄物回收技術(shù)，這也導(dǎo)致了相當(dāng)大量有害污染物的排放失去了控制，例如重金屬和持久性有機(jī)污染物（POPS）7,8。中國已經(jīng)起草和頒布了法律法規(guī)來管理電子廢棄物的違法處理，但是執(zhí)法不嚴(yán)已經(jīng)在近幾十年造成了一些的地方環(huán)境污染加重。一些惡名昭著的電子廢棄物拆解區(qū)坐落在中國，其中臺(tái)州和貴嶼是最大的電子垃圾拆解區(qū)9,10。在臺(tái)州、貴嶼電子廢棄物拆解區(qū)周圍的生物種群和人類在內(nèi)的，發(fā)現(xiàn)了高水平的重金屬和持久性有機(jī)污染物的殘留8,1114。其中DENG,WJ等人15在電子廢棄物回收區(qū)的總懸浮顆粒（TSP）和細(xì)顆粒物（PM25）中發(fā)現(xiàn)了含量極高的鎘（CD）、銅（CU）和鉛PB。LEUNG等人曾評估了電子廢棄物循環(huán)再生據(jù)點(diǎn)和公共場所（如食品市場和學(xué)校操場）周圍的地表浮土樣本中重金屬的濃度，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)這回收區(qū)之一，早在21世紀(jì)初期，很多以家庭為單位的電子垃圾加工作坊就普遍存在。峰江鎮(zhèn)于20世紀(jì)80年代開始回收改造廢棄的變壓器和發(fā)電機(jī)。在20世紀(jì)90年代早期，大量的電子廢棄物包括計(jì)算機(jī)、電纜、電視機(jī)、冰箱和其他家用電器廣泛以進(jìn)口渠道進(jìn)入這個(gè)區(qū)域。這里也是重要的農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)，其中水稻是主要的農(nóng)作物。本項(xiàng)研究的采樣區(qū)域分為兩部分。有共計(jì)采集99個(gè)的水稻谷粒樣品。第一部分采集于（79個(gè)樣本，2006年5個(gè)，2007年19個(gè)，2008年24個(gè)，2009年19個(gè)，2010年12個(gè)）是在峰江鎮(zhèn)2006年至2010年收獲期間，這部分樣品代表執(zhí)行更嚴(yán)格的法規(guī)以后，重金屬在水稻谷粒中的時(shí)間變化趨勢。第二部分（20個(gè)樣本）收集用來考察重金屬的空間分布和電子垃圾拆解活動(dòng)對周圍的非電子垃圾拆解區(qū)的潛在影響。該部分樣本采集于2010年在峰江鎮(zhèn)電子垃圾拆解區(qū)周圍的非電子垃圾拆解區(qū)，采樣區(qū)域覆蓋了方圓50KM范圍（如圖1）。每個(gè)樣本包含5個(gè)重復(fù)，都至少從每個(gè)村莊中幾個(gè)稻田中獲得的子樣本組成。這些樣本經(jīng)冷凍干燥后被分離成糙米，再用實(shí)驗(yàn)室去殼機(jī)去殼。經(jīng)過研究討論，考慮到實(shí)驗(yàn)的便捷性，我們把樣品分成四組，分別標(biāo)記為來自電子垃圾回收區(qū)的稻米樣本（RE），來自非電子垃圾回收區(qū)的稻米樣本（RN），來自電子垃圾回收區(qū)的去殼稻米樣本（HE），來自非電子垃圾回收區(qū)的去殼稻米樣本（HN）。22化學(xué)分析化學(xué)分析所有樣本都被磨成纖細(xì)的粉末，保存在4oC環(huán)境下，然后分析。分析方法是依據(jù)我們之前的工作17，只在此做簡要描述。大約02G的樣本在聚四氯乙烯消化罐中被消化。其中加入2ML濃縮的硝酸（69，分析級純，SIGMAALDRIC提供）并預(yù)先消化4H。然后，加入1ML30的過氧化氫（北京化學(xué)試劑公司提供），在如下條件下用微波消解裝置（CEMMARSX500，美國）消化在10MIN內(nèi)逐漸加熱到160oC并保持恒溫30MIN，再在10MIN內(nèi)由160oC逐漸加熱到180oC保持恒溫30MIN。冷卻后，用超純水將消化產(chǎn)物稀釋至40ML，待分析。用電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜法（ICPMS，AGILENT7500CE，US）分析這些樣本的非金屬砷（AS）和三種重金屬CD、CU和PB的總濃度。所有的測定都用外標(biāo)法，平行測定三份獨(dú)立的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果，并遵循我們實(shí)驗(yàn)室先前制定的質(zhì)量保證方法16,17。23質(zhì)量保證和質(zhì)量控制質(zhì)量保證和質(zhì)量控制表1電子垃圾拆解區(qū)和非電子垃圾拆解區(qū)的稻米及去殼稻米樣本中重金屬成分的含量電子垃圾拆解區(qū)和非電子垃圾拆解區(qū)的稻米及去殼稻米樣本中重金屬成分的含量元素地點(diǎn)N范圍中值A(chǔ)MAASDBGMGSDCASREDRNE7920142847233711711611942137671111512615CDRERN792029515428258260244496715867217383034CURERN79202808606638434146072619494413812560742467615242515PBRERN79202548210316123711525072118142371511711ASHEFHNG792092539116635267159274892221422591419416CDHEHN792029313715142285364735664936283283920CUHEHN792025411762576411637179572273104551920333933321803917264519PBHEHN7920106934471611281533477404013385091448334301684714A算術(shù)平均值；B算數(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差；C幾何標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差；D電子垃圾拆解區(qū)稻米樣本；E非電子垃圾拆解區(qū)稻米樣本；F電子垃圾拆解區(qū)去殼稻米樣本；G非電子垃圾拆解區(qū)去殼稻米樣本。

簡介：現(xiàn)代辦公建筑發(fā)展新趨勢現(xiàn)代辦公建筑發(fā)展新趨勢綠色決定價(jià)值個(gè)性贏得市場綠色決定價(jià)值個(gè)性贏得市場威廉．克萊因進(jìn)入二十一世紀(jì)后，美國人做過一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)，發(fā)現(xiàn)美國稅收來源的835來自于寫字樓，而不是工廠。中國的比例估計(jì)還沒那么高，但同樣，寫字樓已經(jīng)不再像二十世紀(jì)工業(yè)文明時(shí)代那樣，僅僅是工廠的管理附屬，僅僅是企業(yè)的接待站，僅僅是管理者的門面，而真正成為了財(cái)富的聚集地。因?yàn)閷懽謽切再|(zhì)的這一種根本性變化，寫字樓開發(fā)，自然也越來越關(guān)注使用者，尤其是創(chuàng)造最大價(jià)值的員工本身的舒適、健康、個(gè)性化需求，能否激發(fā)使用者的靈感，進(jìn)行更有效率的腦力創(chuàng)造，成為衡量新時(shí)代寫字樓的主要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。現(xiàn)代辦公建筑開發(fā)，因而出現(xiàn)了以下一些新的趨勢。生態(tài)辦公綠色決定價(jià)值好幾年前，IBM就因?yàn)榄h(huán)境因素從中關(guān)村搬了出去，因?yàn)镮BM的全球?qū)懽謽嵌家裱?2攝氏度的辦公溫度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，用養(yǎng)熱帶魚的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)養(yǎng)人、養(yǎng)設(shè)備，而中關(guān)村達(dá)不到這個(gè)要求。大企業(yè)的挑剔顯示了現(xiàn)代寫字樓的最大特征生態(tài)辦公成為一種趨勢，最貴的樓不再是最高的樓，而是環(huán)境最好、最舒適的樓。當(dāng)然，生態(tài)辦公不僅意味著小環(huán)境的綠色舒適，還意味著針對大環(huán)境的節(jié)能環(huán)保，既讓員工快樂工作，提高效率，更能節(jié)省使用費(fèi)用，讓老板快樂賺錢。高層生態(tài)寫字樓第2頁對流；建筑與三個(gè)三角形的綠化庭園結(jié)合，為大廈雙面均提供了富有生機(jī)的綠色空間，讓人感覺就像在園林中辦公一樣?？照{(diào)系統(tǒng)是生態(tài)寫字樓的重要組成部分。像北京世紀(jì)財(cái)富中心、北京新保利大廈和深圳頂級寫字樓華潤大廈，都采用了VAV變風(fēng)量空調(diào)系統(tǒng)，通過高效的空氣處理設(shè)備、VAV分風(fēng)箱以及高精度的DDC控制器（直接數(shù)字控制器），并配以初效、中效雙級過濾設(shè)備，令樓內(nèi)的空氣更加清新、舒適。在杭州，生態(tài)寫字樓的建設(shè)剛剛起步，像黃龍世紀(jì)廣場用的是呼吸幕墻，濱江區(qū)的UT斯達(dá)康新大樓大面積采用LOWE玻璃，而黃龍區(qū)的公元大廈，則可以算得上是一個(gè)較為全方位的生態(tài)寫字樓，采用了開放式幕墻、外遮陽板、內(nèi)充氬氣的LOWE中空玻璃、新冷媒超級變頻多聯(lián)中央空調(diào)、全熱交換器、節(jié)能水龍頭等一系列材料、設(shè)備，還有一個(gè)7000平方米的綠色中央庭院，非常難得。生態(tài)低層庭院式商務(wù)樓生態(tài)辦公更徹底一些，自然是直接搬到郊外的景觀辦公區(qū)，趴在地面上，跟綠化結(jié)合，這在歐美已漸漸成為趨勢，尤其是高科技、需要頭腦創(chuàng)意的企業(yè)。景觀辦公區(qū)來源于霍華德的“花園城市”理念，一般坐落于大城市邊緣的新城，低密度、小體量的辦公樓與優(yōu)美的綠色園林景觀有機(jī)結(jié)合，使工作者能在休閑的環(huán)境中產(chǎn)生更多的靈感。最典型的景觀辦公區(qū)是美國的硅谷，由各種各樣的商務(wù)花園群落組成，像著名的甲骨文公司就沿湖建造，整個(gè)建筑群在湖邊徐徐展開，景觀如畫。美國科羅拉多州奧羅拉市的水園辦公園區(qū)，人工湖、小水池、瀑布、溪流，營造出夢幻般的水園景色，在里面辦公，自然是神清

簡介：畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）英文翻譯英文翻譯題目專業(yè)金融學(xué)班級20102010金融秋季班金融秋季班學(xué)生學(xué)號學(xué)生學(xué)號10610012575561061001257556學(xué)生姓名學(xué)生姓名崔航崔航指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)教師高建霞高建霞2012年2FACEDTHEPROBLEMOFBANKSBEINGCLOSEDATNONWORKINGHOURSANDWECANHANDLEBANKINGAFFAIRSALLTHETIMETHEREFOREITSAVESTHECUSTOMERSTIMEANDMONEYONTHEOTHERHANDINRECENTYEARSMOBILEPHONESHAVEBEENDEVELOPEDANDWIDELYUSEDAFTERTHEMOBILEPHONESHAVEGOTSODEVELOPEDANDSOPHISTICATEDANDHAVEBEENMODIFIEDTOBECAPABLEOFNEWSERVICESTHEBANKSTOOKINTOCONSIDERATIONTHEPRESENTATIONOFBANKINGSERVICESTHROUGHMOBILEPHONESTOMENTIONTHEREASONSOFSUPERIORITYOFMBANKINGMOBILEBANKINGOVEREBANKINGELECTRONICBANKINGWECANPOINTTOTHEFOLLOWINGITEMS2,31NOPLACERESTRICTIONINMBANKINGWECANHANDLEOURBANKINGTRANSACTIONSWHEREVERWEAREANDWHENEVERWEWANT2HIGHPENETRATIONCOEFFICIENTHIGHCOEFFICIENTOFMOBILEPHONEUSEINTHEWORLDGUARANTEESPROBABILITYOFGROWTHANDSUCCESSFORMOBILEBANKINGSERVICES3FULLYPERSONALIZEDMOBILEPHONESARECOMPLETELYPRIVATEANDAREUSEDONLYBYITSOWNERTHEREFOREITINCREASESAUTHENTICITYOFIDENTIFICATIONOFTHEPEOPLEWHOUSETHEBANKINGSERVICES4AVAILABILITYMOSTPEOPLECARRYTHEIRMOBILEPHONESWITHTHEMWHEREVERTHEYGOWHETHERINDOORSOROUTDOORSASARESULTITISPOSSIBLETOOFFERBANKINGSERVICESTOCUSTOMERSALLTHETIMEOFCOURSEMOBILEBANKINGHASSOMEDISADVANTAGESTOOAMONGMOSTIMPORTANTITEMSOFTHESEDISADVANTAGESWECANPOINTTOLACKOFPROPERKEYBOARDFORMOSTMOBILEPHONES,SMALLDISPLAYANDUNCERTAINTYOFUSERSABOUTSECURITYSYSTEMOFMOBILEBANKINGBUTASAWHOLEMOBILEBANKINGHASBEENWELCOMEDDUETOINCREASEOFCUSTOMERSWELFAREANDDECREASEOFCOSTSOFBANKINGSERVICESMOBILEBANKINGISDIVIDEDINTOMOBILEFORWARDINGSERVICESANDMOBILEBANKINGSERVICESMOBILEBANKINGSERVICESWHICHARETHESAMEASNORMALBANKINGSERVICESAREDIVIDEDINTOFOURTYPES1NOTIFICATIONSANDALERTSTHESESERVICESAREPRESENTEDFORADVISINGTHECUSTOMERSOFTHETRANSACTIONSDONEORTOBEDONECONCERNINGHISACCOUNT2INFORMATIONTHESPECIALPIECESOFINFORMATIONCONCERNINGTRANSACTIONSANDTHEAMOUNTOFMONEYAVAILABLEINCUSTOMERSACCOUNTARESENTATCERTAININTERVALS3APPLICATIONSINTHISTYPEOFSERVICESANAPPLICATIONISSENTTOTHESERVERCONCERNINGTHEACCOUNTORSPECIALTRANSACTION4TRANSFERTHROUGHTHISSERVICEBANKSCANTRANSFERAMOUNTOFMONEYBETWEENCUSTOMERSACCOUNTSORPAYANAMOUNTTOATHIRDPARTYTOIMPLEMENTMOBILEBANKINGWEREQUIREANINFRASTRUCTURESERVERSUCHASWAPWIRELESSAPPLICATIONPROTOCOL,IMODE,PALMNET,ETCFOREXCHANGEOFINFORMATIONWITHTHECUSTOMERWECANUSESERVICESSUCHASSMSSHORTMESSAGINGSERVICEORMMSMULTIMESSAGINGSERVICE4BUTINSOMEDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESSUCHASIRANSERVICES

簡介：中文中文4195字出處出處JMANAGGOV201014115–144一個(gè)關(guān)于應(yīng)急理論基礎(chǔ)的內(nèi)部控制因素及其后果的形成ANNUKKAJOKIPII摘要摘要為了保證企業(yè)需求內(nèi)部控制活動(dòng)的有效性和信息的可靠性以及遵守法律的適用性。因此，COCO,COSO等幾個(gè)框架顯示公司的特征，這個(gè)不同對內(nèi)部的控制也不同。每個(gè)組織要選擇最適合的控制系統(tǒng)時(shí)，必須考慮到意外事故的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是否切合權(quán)變理論。本文研究的是檢視這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)特點(diǎn)的選擇是否適應(yīng)他們公司內(nèi)部控制結(jié)構(gòu)和它是否會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些更加優(yōu)惠的有效性的評估控制管理。雖然內(nèi)部控制的組成部分已進(jìn)行單獨(dú)控制，本文嘗試闡明內(nèi)部控制的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)并將其放到更加廣闊的背景中。結(jié)果證明，基于對741芬蘭公司W(wǎng)EB調(diào)查，表明公司用內(nèi)部控制結(jié)構(gòu)來應(yīng)對環(huán)境的不確定性，并觀測控制的有效性的戰(zhàn)略對其內(nèi)部控制結(jié)構(gòu)有著顯著的效果。關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞內(nèi)部控制、成效、權(quán)變理論、結(jié)構(gòu)方塊建模11文章概述文章概述人們普遍認(rèn)為，一個(gè)內(nèi)部控制系統(tǒng)可以幫助企業(yè)降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表的可靠性保證體系和法律的遵循情況（SPIRAANDPAGE2003）因此，越來越多的企業(yè)倒閉和一些廣泛宣傳企業(yè)舞弊行為導(dǎo)致企業(yè)在他們具體的操作環(huán)境下更多的關(guān)注自己的內(nèi)部控制。在巨大的管理壓力下，如何提高內(nèi)部控制的有效性以及有效的與董事會(huì)和股東溝通。由于內(nèi)部控制可能會(huì)影響長期的報(bào)告，導(dǎo)致審計(jì)人員、供應(yīng)商、客戶都對內(nèi)部控制感興趣。KINNEY在2000年指出，盡管內(nèi)部控制對公司影響很大，但在組織環(huán)境中內(nèi)部控制結(jié)構(gòu)卻無法實(shí)現(xiàn)。關(guān)于內(nèi)部控制的抓也文獻(xiàn)在國際研究上已取得進(jìn)展，但迄今為止，內(nèi)部控制的研究數(shù)量有限。在2004年SELTOANDWIDENER出版的專業(yè)文章中提出，在管理控制中研究較少的內(nèi)部控制有著很強(qiáng)的實(shí)用性。在2000年MAIJOOR越來越重視企業(yè)內(nèi)部的控制，以及現(xiàn)有的研究不足，為其創(chuàng)造了新的研究基于和需求。這項(xiàng)研究有助于了解內(nèi)部控制結(jié)構(gòu)及其在公司環(huán)境中觀察到對公司的效果。即使內(nèi)部控制結(jié)構(gòu)框架中提出了一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)部控制目標(biāo)，但仍然需要注意的是，有效地內(nèi)部控制是要根據(jù)公司的不同特點(diǎn)來制定的。因此，即使是內(nèi)部控制的框架中也無法提供一個(gè)企業(yè)的特點(diǎn)和其控制系統(tǒng)的關(guān)系。因此，本研究利用一個(gè)應(yīng)急方法，審查內(nèi)部控制結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)，并且將其放到不同釋。權(quán)變理論構(gòu)成了一種新的方法來演技有內(nèi)部控制的理論和基礎(chǔ)特點(diǎn)，這些從應(yīng)急控制文件總結(jié)而來。戰(zhàn)略尺寸組織結(jié)構(gòu)預(yù)知環(huán)境的不確定性應(yīng)變特征RQ1RQ2RQ3RQ4控制環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估控制活動(dòng)信息和通信監(jiān)控內(nèi)部控制結(jié)構(gòu)RQ5效率和效力活動(dòng)可靠性信息遵守法律和法規(guī)內(nèi)部控制評判效果因此管理控制在組織制度中的一個(gè)重要控制子集一直是權(quán)變理論的研究主體。研究主要集中在上下文變量對管理控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的影響，在這文獻(xiàn)中，是對文獻(xiàn)回顧的研究基礎(chǔ)上分析的。其目的是利用了解內(nèi)部控制結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)和影響來觀察成效以作為制定權(quán)變理論。內(nèi)部控制和權(quán)變理論共享某些元素，但是共同點(diǎn)和不同點(diǎn)的廣度取決于所用的定義。在2003年CHENHALL指出，以前的應(yīng)變研究是基礎(chǔ)的管理控制研究，遵循傳統(tǒng)的感知旨在協(xié)助管理人員決策的被動(dòng)工具。一是管理控制系統(tǒng)包含了一個(gè)會(huì)計(jì)系統(tǒng)，還包括個(gè)人或家族控制的控制因素。圖1說明了研究框架和理論基礎(chǔ)上的內(nèi)部控制框架。變量之間的關(guān)系有三組，在應(yīng)變特點(diǎn)，內(nèi)部控制結(jié)構(gòu)和觀察成效是本文研究的終點(diǎn)。前四個(gè)研究問題（RQ1RQ4）旨在測試（戰(zhàn)略，規(guī)模，組織應(yīng)變特征結(jié)構(gòu)和環(huán)境的不確定性）等因素對內(nèi)部控制結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。這些因素前人都有所研究（例如CHENHALL2003；DONALDSON2001；HOQUEANDJAMES2000；MACINTOSH1994；SIMONS1987；DRAZINANDVANDEVEN1985；OTLEY1980指出，指出這些因素對控制結(jié)構(gòu)和企業(yè)的績效產(chǎn)生一定的影響。第五個(gè)研究因素（RQ5）集中于內(nèi)部控制結(jié)構(gòu)與內(nèi)部控制有效性的關(guān)系上。變量之間的理論關(guān)系是基于COSO1994年提出的。指出根據(jù)特定的情況對內(nèi)部控制的需求不盡相同，但是內(nèi)部控制組成的部分功能可以引導(dǎo)有效地內(nèi)部控制系統(tǒng)。FISHER1998年指出，成功的剪裁控制系統(tǒng)以適應(yīng)企業(yè)的特點(diǎn)等類似的權(quán)變理論對公司的業(yè)績有著突出的貢獻(xiàn)。然而企業(yè)可能有著傳統(tǒng)性能的其他目標(biāo)。因此根據(jù)FISHER1995年的建議，在模型中所設(shè)想的一個(gè)非財(cái)務(wù)目標(biāo)對內(nèi)部控制的有效性產(chǎn)生理想的效果。用內(nèi)部控制因素管理眼力大的公司已成為關(guān)鍵的因