簡(jiǎn)介：中文中文2800字文獻(xiàn)出處文獻(xiàn)出處XUB,LIY,DONGXY,ETALHIGHLYSENSITIVEREFRACTIVEINDEXSENSORBASEDONACLADDINGETCHEDTHINCOREFIBERSANDWICHEDBETWEENTWOSINGLEMODEFIBERSJCHINESEPHYSICSLETTERS,2012,299094203兩個(gè)單模光纖之間的包層腐蝕細(xì)芯光纖高靈敏度折射率傳感器徐賁，李裔,董新永,金尚忠,張?jiān)谛鈱W(xué)與電子科技學(xué)院,中國(guó)計(jì)量學(xué)院,杭州310018RECEIVED14FEBRUARY2012實(shí)驗(yàn)證明了夾在兩個(gè)單模光纖之間的包層腐蝕細(xì)芯光纖折射率傳感器。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，通過(guò)腐蝕光纖，在折射率為13331340之間，傳感器的靈敏度至少提高了6倍。靈敏度隨著環(huán)境折射率的增加而提高，在折射率為13684時(shí)，靈敏度達(dá)到了8575NM。隨著降低單模細(xì)芯光纖包層直徑，靈敏度會(huì)比預(yù)期的更高。PACS4281PA,0760HV,0760LYDOI101088/0256307X/29/9/094203基于波導(dǎo)技術(shù)的光折射計(jì)越來(lái)越多地被應(yīng)用在醫(yī)藥，化工和其他行業(yè)領(lǐng)域。14近些年來(lái)，基于各種配置多種類型的光纖折射率傳感器已被報(bào)道，比如長(zhǎng)周期的光纖光柵（LPFGS）,58布拉格光纖光柵（FBGS）,11表面等離子體共振（SPR），12,13核心偏移衰減器14和異核衰減器1519等等。2023其中，由直接熔接兩種或兩種以上不同芯徑的光纖制造的異核衰減器，由于它的性能穩(wěn)定，靈敏度高，制作簡(jiǎn)單已被研究。例如，吳等人提出了一種基于單模單模細(xì)芯單模的光纖（SMFTCSMFSMF）結(jié)構(gòu)的折射率傳感器。15,16我們發(fā)現(xiàn)傳感器只對(duì)外部的折射率敏感而對(duì)溫度不敏感。在這篇文章中，我們?cè)噲D通過(guò)化學(xué)腐蝕減小單模細(xì)芯光纖的包層直徑來(lái)讓這種折射率傳感器提高至少6倍的靈敏度。圖1為所提出的折射率傳感器示意圖。包層蝕刻的單模細(xì)芯光纖的短段是用光纖熔接機(jī)夾在兩個(gè)常規(guī)單模光纖之間的，形成同軸的馬赫–森德干涉儀（MZI）。很多包層模式在單模光纖和單模細(xì)芯光纖之間的接合點(diǎn)間激發(fā)，但通常只有一個(gè)或幾個(gè)可以作為主導(dǎo)力量。如果我們只考慮一個(gè)包層模式，包層間存在相位差和核心模式滿足以下條件時(shí)，干擾信號(hào)達(dá)到最小值2，1?????????????12,2,???KLNNNDEXTJCLEFFCOEFF上式中為周圍介質(zhì)的折射率，為單模細(xì)芯光纖的長(zhǎng)度，為傳輸減少的EXTNLD?波長(zhǎng)，為整數(shù)，和分別為第階包層模式的有效折射率和核K??EXTJCLEFFNN,,????COEFFNJ133–137,2314NM/RIURI1442009線性，26087NM/RIURI13330–136062011非線性，286NM/RIURI13320–138902011線性，270NM/RIURI134–1382011非線性，4302NM/RIURI133–1382011非線性，31NM/RIURI134,823NM/RIURI1442008線性，333NM/RIURI1315–136182008線性，1097NM/RIURI132–1422011非線性，最大733NM/RIURI13241439本文NONLINEAR,4939NM/RIURI1333–13408575NM/RIURI13684

簡(jiǎn)介：中文中文2340字出處出處RESEARCHJOURNALOFAPPLIEDSCIENCES,ENGINEERINGANDTECHNOLOGY62446424645,2013運(yùn)動(dòng)小目標(biāo)檢測(cè)與跟蹤運(yùn)動(dòng)小目標(biāo)檢測(cè)與跟蹤摘要摘要本研究提出了一種基于相關(guān)系數(shù)的背景更新算法，克服了平均背景更新模糊圖像的缺點(diǎn)。然后，它用減背景的方法來(lái)檢測(cè)運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)和記錄運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)區(qū)域并使用投影直方圖調(diào)整目標(biāo)的中心，計(jì)算當(dāng)前幀和隨后幀的置信系數(shù)，研究在后續(xù)幀的目標(biāo)中心。然后，可以在后續(xù)幀跟蹤運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，該算法能夠準(zhǔn)確地檢測(cè)和自動(dòng)跟蹤運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)。關(guān)鍵字關(guān)鍵字背景更新，投影直方圖，跟蹤介紹介紹跟蹤非剛性的視頻序列中的目標(biāo)和識(shí)別他們的問(wèn)題的重要性在許多應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域得到增長(zhǎng)。例如包括一個(gè)在視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)中的運(yùn)動(dòng)檢測(cè)器，動(dòng)作分析動(dòng)畫醫(yī)學(xué)成像和人機(jī)交互HCI。在連續(xù)幀中跟蹤一個(gè)變形的目標(biāo)在視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)中是特別重要的。有各種研究關(guān)于視頻目標(biāo)的提取和跟蹤。最簡(jiǎn)單的方法之一是跟蹤連續(xù)兩幀之間的區(qū)域的差異HARITAOGLUETAL，2000并且它的性能可以通過(guò)使用自適應(yīng)背景生成法和減背景法提高。盡管簡(jiǎn)單的基于區(qū)別跟蹤的方法在無(wú)噪聲的情況下跟蹤一個(gè)目標(biāo)是有效的，但它經(jīng)常在嘈雜，復(fù)雜的背景中失敗。如果相機(jī)有意或無(wú)意地移動(dòng)，跟蹤性能會(huì)進(jìn)一步退化。在陰影，噪音和閉塞的情況下跟蹤目標(biāo)，投票方案已經(jīng)提出了一個(gè)非線性的目標(biāo)特性在AMER2003。作為基于幀差跟蹤方法的替代方法，一個(gè)BLOB或地區(qū)跟蹤，可以用來(lái)定位目標(biāo)的重心?；陟o止背景的假設(shè)，WRENETAL1997提出了一種實(shí)時(shí)BLOB跟蹤算法。使用目標(biāo)直方圖是另一種BLOB跟蹤算法并且均值漂移的方法已經(jīng)提出了在COMANICIUETAL2003。本研究提出了一種基于相關(guān)系數(shù)的背景更新算法，克服了平均背景更新的模糊圖像的缺點(diǎn)。然后，它用減背景的方法來(lái)檢測(cè)運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)和記錄運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)地區(qū)并且采用投影直方圖的方法來(lái)跟蹤運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)。方法方法背景方法背景方法我們隨機(jī)保存沒(méi)有目標(biāo)運(yùn)動(dòng)的當(dāng)前場(chǎng)景作為背景。但場(chǎng)景將根據(jù)時(shí)間，光線和天氣條件等等變化。實(shí)時(shí)的背景更新是必要的。因此，本文提出了一種方法來(lái)更新背景。主要步驟如下所示1保存當(dāng)前場(chǎng)景圖像，把場(chǎng)景圖像矩陣分為大小為1616的矩陣；2計(jì)算場(chǎng)景圖像矩陣的方差；3把背景圖像分為大小為1616的矩陣并且計(jì)算其方差；4在大小為1616的場(chǎng)景圖像矩陣和其相應(yīng)的背景矩陣中計(jì)算協(xié)方差和相關(guān)系數(shù)Ρ；5比較Ρ和閾值，如果Ρ大于閾值，使用現(xiàn)場(chǎng)圖像代替其相應(yīng)的背景圖片，否則，保存原來(lái)的背景圖像。相關(guān)系數(shù)相關(guān)系數(shù)1IBDDIB??,COV?其中，場(chǎng)景圖像。XIT在T時(shí)間的背景圖像。XBT在二值化處理后和的區(qū)別顯示出來(lái)。T的閾值區(qū)間通常從5到15是有意義XITXBT的。X代表圖像的像素位置。目標(biāo)跟蹤目標(biāo)跟蹤我們可以通過(guò)記錄運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)區(qū)域的方法在大小為WH的窗口下鎖定目標(biāo)。然后我們使用投影直方圖像WANGETAL2006那樣將直方圖的中間部分轉(zhuǎn)移到目標(biāo)的幾何中心。尤其是，規(guī)范的（IE，和垂直IE，）投影直方圖形狀被定義為如下所MHXNHY示，RYXYXMHIIX??,,9，RYXYXNHIIY??,,10112MXXMI???122NYYNI???其中，（X，Y）即幾何中心的目標(biāo)（橢圓的中心。MN指數(shù)。MN水平和垂直投影直方圖的數(shù)量。為了減少背景噪聲和圖像異常值的影響，我們引入權(quán)重提高投影直方圖歸一化形狀的魯棒性。這是通過(guò)使用一個(gè)各向同性的內(nèi)核函數(shù)K以類似的方式如COMANICIUETAL。2005。核函數(shù)的作用是將較小的權(quán)重分配給像素遠(yuǎn)離中心本項(xiàng)目的直方圖。然后，目標(biāo)模型加權(quán)直方圖用和來(lái)標(biāo)示被定義為MHTXNHTY?????MMXXTXKMHKMHMH1?????NNYYTYKNHKNHNH1（13）其中，，（IE，從大小為??22,YYXXCYXKIIII?????221212????HWCWH的目標(biāo)中計(jì)算得來(lái)）。為了發(fā)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)在后續(xù)幀，我們搜索窗口大小為WH的地區(qū)鎖定運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)在第一場(chǎng)景圖像。然后，候選目標(biāo)確定在這個(gè)窗口。投影直方圖加權(quán)目標(biāo)候選用和來(lái)MHCXNHCY標(biāo)示被定義為

簡(jiǎn)介：1中文中文4500字出處出處SURFACEENGINEERING,2005,212156160STUDIESONELECTROLESSNICKEL–PTFECOMPOSITECOATINGSNIPTFE化學(xué)復(fù)合材料鍍層的研究KNSRINIVASANSJOHN摘要摘要鎳基復(fù)合材料的化學(xué)鍍層具有出色的摩擦行為。這些復(fù)合鍍層的形成除了通過(guò)材料以粉末形式在化學(xué)鎳溶液中共沉積和還要通過(guò)在沉積過(guò)程中的懸浮態(tài)下使之加入到鍍層中。最常用的硬度高的彌散化合物是碳化硅，金剛石粉末，氧化鋁，碳化鈦，氮化硼，碳化鉻或碳化鎢。最近，含PTFE的化學(xué)鎳做為復(fù)合材料被使用是因?yàn)樗蔷鶆虻模哒掣降?，耐磨的，干?rùn)滑的，無(wú)擦傷的具有較低的摩擦系數(shù)和優(yōu)良的抗腐蝕性。本論文研究了PTFE在化學(xué)鎳酸溶液中對(duì)沉積速率的影響，PTFE的聚合和鍍層中磷含量，耐磨性和抗腐蝕性。關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞化學(xué)復(fù)合材料；化學(xué)沉積；NIPPTFE復(fù)合材料；復(fù)合鍍層1引言電沉積復(fù)合鍍層是均勻離散的小顆粒物分布在金屬鍍層里的13。化學(xué)鎳磷鍍層有許多性能都優(yōu)于其它鎳鍍層4。由于磷的含量，化學(xué)鎳鍍層有更好的硬度和更好的耐腐蝕性5?；瘜W(xué)鎳復(fù)合鍍層結(jié)合了傳統(tǒng)化學(xué)鎳鍍層特有的性能例如復(fù)雜鑄型中的沉積均勻性，高硬度和優(yōu)良的耐蝕性帶有研磨材料的所擁有的耐高溫和其它摩擦性能。3PTFE作為一種多功能材料被用于保護(hù)工件被腐蝕和磨損25。DANIELS和HARME26發(fā)現(xiàn)NIPTFE鍍層提高了使用壽命和在塑料制造方面的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量26。ZHENGSHAN等人27報(bào)道了NIPPTFE鍍層的形態(tài)和結(jié)構(gòu)。這賦予了鍍層相當(dāng)多的非擦傷和干潤(rùn)滑性能和較低的摩擦系數(shù)。由于顆粒尺寸小，不存在與粗糙度相關(guān)的問(wèn)題，可以以正常方式過(guò)濾溶液。TULSI28,29制備的NIPTFE鍍層基于6511G/DM的PTFE（60活性）的添加劑，PTFE顆粒尺寸達(dá)到1在8892的溫度ΜM下和PH值為4752并伴隨攪拌。PTFE共沉積的體積濃度為2530。電鍍工件具有具體的磨損率和摩擦系數(shù)。它被用于各種橡膠和塑料模具，蝶閥，石油和天然氣工業(yè)緊固件，鋁制液化氣瓶和化油器節(jié)流閥。PEARCE30概述了制備NIPTFE鍍層的問(wèn)題。他在92至95℃下以12MM/H的沉積速率成功得到了2530的PTFE鍍層。125的鍍層是光滑灰暗的，而更厚的鍍層會(huì)起皮。鍍層在350℃下ΜM處理1小時(shí)能被沉淀和硬化。ROBERTO31描述了一個(gè)典型的85NI66P84PTFE復(fù)合鍍層。他也發(fā)現(xiàn)這些類型的鍍層被用做液壓離合器組件、工具、安全帶組件、機(jī)械齒輪和汽車燃料系統(tǒng)元件32,33。PRZYBYLSKA和RACZYNASKA34能夠得到PTFE含量在2511WT的鎳鍍層，即產(chǎn)率不同的分散鍍層。含有75NI79P68PTFE的鍍層有良好的結(jié)合力和耐磨性。ZHAO等人35研發(fā)了NIPPTFE的分級(jí)鍍層技術(shù)，這大大提高了鍍層的附著能力。LIU和ZHAO36研究了在化學(xué)NIP系統(tǒng)中表面活性劑對(duì)PTFE顆粒大小的影響，并發(fā)現(xiàn)鍍層中PTFE含量的最大值主要取決于表面活性劑濃度與鍍液中PTFE顆粒濃度的比例。HUANG等人37,38研究了NIP化學(xué)鍍系統(tǒng)中SIC和PTFE在鍍層腐蝕，磨損和防粘性能反面的協(xié)同作用。ROSSI等人39評(píng)估了NIPTFE，

簡(jiǎn)介：ANALYSISOFTHESHORTCOMINGSANDIMPROVEMENTOFTHEINDEPENDENTDIRECTORSYSTEMINCHINAHUANGYEDE，LIJIN91，WANGJUN211．SCHOOLOFMANAGEMENT，SHANDONGUNIVERSITYOFTECHNOLOGY,CHINA，2550492．ZIBOINSTITUTEOFMEASUREMENTANDTESTING，CHINA，255033YEDE9505163．TOMABSTRACTASMOSTOFTHELISTEDCOMPANIESINCHINAARERESTRUCTUREDFROMSTATEOWNEDENTERPRISES，MANYDEFECTSEXISTINTHEIRCORPORATEGOVERNANCESTRUCTURE．INDEPENDENTDIRECTORSYSTEMINOURCOUNTRYISANEWTHINGANDITSTILLNEEDTOBEFURTHERIMPROVEDBETHINTHEORYANDPRACTICE。SOTHERESEARCHONITHASAPROFOUNDSIGNIFICANCE．111ISPAPERAPPLIESTHEAGENCYCOSTTHEORYANDSTAKEHOLDERTHEORYTOANALYZINGTHEPROBLEMSOFINDEPENDENTDIRECTORSYSTEMINCHINASUCHASUNREASONABLEINDEPENDENTDIRECTOR’SSELECTIONMECHANISM．INDEPENDENTDIRECTORISDEPENDENTINTHEECONOMICINTERESTS。THERIGHTTOKNOWOFTHEINDEPENDENTDIRECTORSISLIMITEDANDERE．INORDERTORESOLVETHESESHORTCOMINGS．WENEEDTODOTHEFOLLOWINGTHINGSESTABLISHARATIONALMECHANISMFORTHEREMUNERATIONPAIDTOINDEPENDENTDIRECTORS，ESTABLISHALLINCENTIVEMECHANISMOFSOUNDREPUTATIONOFINDEPENDENTDIRECTOR,ANDENSURETHEINDEPENDENTDIRECTORSACQUIRESUFFICIENTINFORMATIONANDSOON．KEYWORDSINDEPENDENTDIRECTORSYSTEM，PROBLEMS，COUNTERMEASURES1THEINTRODUCTIONOFINDEPENDENTDIRECTORSYSTEMTHEINDEPENDENTDIRECTORSYSTEMWASFIRSTCREATEDINTHEUNITEDSTATES．INTHEEARLY20THCENTURY,ASTHECOMPANY’STOPMANAGEMENTANDPRINCIPALSHAREHOLDERSOFTHECOMPANYOCCUPYKEYPOSITIONSTOTALONGTIME,CONTROLOFTHECOMPANYHASBEENMOREANDMORECONCENTRATEDANDTHECOMPANYWASMANIPULATEDBYASMALLNUMBEROFINTERNALSTAFFTHATIS，THEPERSONWHOHASAMAJORINTERESTSWITHTHESHAREHOLDERSTHECOMPANY’SMANAGEMENTORTHECOMPANY．THEFUNCTIONOFTHEBOARDOFDIRECTORSHASBEENWEAKENEDSLOWLY．1EADINGTODAMAGETHEINTERESTSOFSMALLANDMEDIUMSHAREHOLDERSANDTHECOMPANY．INVIEWOFTHISSITUATION．THEUNITEDSTATESPROPOSEDTHEPROBLEMOF”GOVERNTHECOMPANY’SCORPORATESTRUCTURE”ANDLEADSINTOTHECONCEPTOFOUTSIDEDIRECTORS．INORDERTOTHROUGHTHEPARTICIPATIONOFTHECOMPANY’SEXTERNALTOBALANCETHEPOWEROFTHEINTERNALSTAFFS．THUSCHANGINGTHEBOARDOFDIRECTORS”DEGENERATE”SITUATIONSINCETHE1950S．WESTERNCOUNTRIESCONTINUETOCONFRONTTHEEMERGENCEOFPRINCIPALANDSMALLSHAREHOLDERS．PRINCIPALSHAREHOLDERSAGAINSTTHEINTERESTSOFSHAREHOLDERS，ASWELLASSHAREHOLDERSAGAINSTTHEINTERESTSOFOTHERSTAKEHOLDERS．THUS，THEUNITEDSTATES。BRITAINANDOTHERWESTERNCOUNTRIESHAVELEARNEDFROMITSMISTAKESANDBEGUNTHEGRADUALINTRODUCTIONANDIMPLEMENTATIONOFINDEPENDENTDIRECTORSYSTEM．FROMTHE1980S．THEINTRODUCTIONOFINDEPENDENTDIRECTORSYSTEMINTHEDIRECTORSOFTHECOMPANYSTRUCTUREHASBEENWIDELYFOLLOWEDINTHEUNITEDKINGDOMANDFRANCEANDSHOWEDASTRONGDEVELOPMENTMOMENTUM．INTHEFIRSTSEVERALYEARSWHENTHESECURITYMARKETSTANDARDIZEDCOURSEINOURCOUNTRY,THESTAKEHOLDERS，PROTECTIONOFTHERIGHTSANDINVESTMENTGETAREASONABLERETURN．WECANCONSTRUCTTHEFUZZYRELATIONSHIPMAPBETWEENTHESTAKEHOLDERSASSHOWNINFIGURE1．SUCHISTHERELATION．INTHEPROCESSOFPERFORMINGTHECONTRACT．THESPOKESMANOFTHEMAJORSHAREHOLDER,THEMANAGEREXERCISESTHERESIDUALCONTROLRIGHTSOFTHENONHUMANASSETSANDHUMANASSETSWHICHARETRANSFORMEDFROMTHEHUMANANDNON．HUMANCAPITALPROVIDEDBYTHEINVESTORSWHOPARTICIPATEINTHECONTRACTBYTHEIROWNVIRTUE．INADDITIONMANAGERSHAVEDOMINANCEININFORMATIONAFTERSIGNINGACONTRACT．MORALHAZARDISEASYTOHAPPENWHICHISPRONETOMAKEBENEFITFORTHEMANAGERSANDDAMAGETHELAWFULRIGHTSANDINTERESTSOFSMALLSHAREHOLDERSANDOTHERSTAKEHOLDERSWHOAREINAWEAKPOSITION．THEREFORETHESTAKEHOLDERSMUSTCARRYOUTEFFECTIVESUPERVISIONOFTHERESIDUALRIGHTSOFCONTROLTHATTHEMANAGERHAVE．ASFORTHESMALLSHAREHOLDERSANDOTHERSTAKEHOLDERS．THEYHAVEDIFFERENTMOTIVATIONSANDCONTRACTINGREQUIREMENTSINANENTERPRISELEASESTRUCTUREANDTHEYAREDIFFERENTINMANYASPECTSSUCHASQUALITY,MANAGEMENTABILITY,RISKPREFERENCES．SOITISDIFFICULTTOTAKEUNITYCOLLECTIVEACTION．MOREOVERTHEMAJORITYOFSTAKEHOLDERSMAYLACKTHEEXPERTISE．COUPLEDWITHTHEMONITORINGCOSTISASSUMEDBYTHEMSELVESANDTHERESULTINGFROMITISSHAREDWITHOTHERSTAKEHOLDERS．THEREFORE，NONEOFTHEINTERESTS’STAKEHOLDERSHAVEMOTIONTOMONITORMANAGERS，ANDTHEYWANTOTHERPEOPLETOMONITORMANAGERWHILETHEYADOPT”FREE．RIDER”BEHAVIOR．CLEARLY,ITISAHIGHTRANSACTIONCOSTANDLACKOFEFFICIENCYBYTHESMALLSHAREHOLDERSANDOTHERSTAKEHOLDERSTAKEDIRECTINCENTIVESANDSUPERVISIONOFTHEMANAGER．TOTHISEND，INTHESYSTEM。THISISSUEMAYBERELEVANTTOINTRODUCEINDEPENDENTDIRECTORSWITHEXPERTISETOREPRESENTSMALLSHAREHOLDERSANDOTHERSTAKEHOLDERSTOMOTIVATEANDSUPERVISETHEMANAGERSEFFECTIVELY．3PROBLEMSEXISTEDINTHEINDEPENDENTDIRECTORSYSTEMINCHINAINCHINA，THEINDEPENDENTDIRECTORSYSTEMHASSERIOUSPROBLEMSFROMZHENGBAIWENWHOPUNISHMENTAGAINSTSUEDTHESECURITIESANDFUTURESCOMMISSIONOFINDEPENDENTDIRECTORSTOINDEPENDENTDIRECTORSOF”LESHANELECTRICPOWER“WEREHAMPEREDONASKINGHIREANINTERMEDIARYTOCARRYOUTINVESTIGATIONSANDERIEMILK”HADBEENAINCIDENTTHATANINDEPENDENTDIRECTORWASDISMISSED,BUTTHECOMPANY’SADMINISTERINGAUTHORITYSINCETHEINDEPENDENTDIRECTORSYSTEMWASINTRODUCEDINTOCHINA．ASERIESOFINDEPENDENTDIRECTORCASESTRIGGEREDBYTHEFINANCIALSCANDALSOFLISTEDCOMPANIES’EXPOSITING．ATTHESAMETIME．FROMTHEERIESHARESANDLESHANELECTRICPOWER,TOKELONELECTRICALWHICHWASATTACKEDBYYANYIMING．ITISNOCHOICEBUTTOSEETHATEVENTHEINDEPENDENCEOFINDEPENDENTDIRECTORSISTORELYONPERSONAL“CONSCIENCE”INSTEADOFANEFFECTIVEINSTITUTIONALARRANGEMENTSTOBEPROTECTED．THEREFOR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簡(jiǎn)介：中文中文2065字畢業(yè)論文英文參考文獻(xiàn)翻譯畢業(yè)論文英文參考文獻(xiàn)翻譯ORACLEORACLE虛擬機(jī)服務(wù)器軟件虛擬化在一個(gè)虛擬機(jī)服務(wù)器軟件虛擬化在一個(gè)6464位LINUXLINUX環(huán)境的性能和可擴(kuò)展性環(huán)境的性能和可擴(kuò)展性（譯文）學(xué)院（系）學(xué)院（系）信息工程信息工程專業(yè)年級(jí)專業(yè)年級(jí)學(xué)生姓名學(xué)生姓名指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)教師合作指導(dǎo)教合作指導(dǎo)教師師完成日期完成日期20132013年6月出處出處2011IEEETHIRDINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONAND2011IEEETHIRDINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONSOCIALCOMPUTINGSOCIALCOMIEEE,201111191124ORACLE虛擬機(jī)服務(wù)器軟件虛擬化在一個(gè)64位LINUX環(huán)境的性能和可擴(kuò)展性IBIDOKUNEMMANUELTOPE,PAVOLZAVARSKY,RONRUHL,DALELINDSKOG加拿大埃德蒙頓康卡迪亞大學(xué)阿爾伯塔分校信息系統(tǒng)安全學(xué)院摘要企業(yè)環(huán)境采用虛擬化技術(shù)帶來(lái)了巨大的收益，這些還沒(méi)有它的服務(wù)人員問(wèn)題和異常狀況，例如性能調(diào)優(yōu)和不穩(wěn)定的性能指標(biāo)，響應(yīng)虛擬化系統(tǒng)，破壞虛擬化服務(wù)器，未配置的虛擬主機(jī)平臺(tái)，或者其他的。研究的焦點(diǎn)是分析ORACLE虛擬機(jī)服務(wù)器虛擬化平臺(tái)的性能針對(duì)那些BAREMETAL服務(wù)器環(huán)境。為了高品質(zhì)的回報(bào)的可擴(kuò)展性和后續(xù)支持也分別分析使用30和50個(gè)活躍用戶的績(jī)效評(píng)估。SWINGBENCH和LMBENCH是兩個(gè)基準(zhǔn)工具的套裝軟件被用來(lái)測(cè)試性能?？蓴U(kuò)展性的測(cè)試也使用SWINGBENCH。在一個(gè)單獨(dú)的ORACLE虛擬機(jī)下的ORACLE數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，結(jié)果顯示使用SWINGBENCH獲得了4和8的開銷對(duì)應(yīng)30和50個(gè)活躍用戶的績(jī)效評(píng)估。相應(yīng)的75和87的性能指標(biāo)分別對(duì)應(yīng)30和50個(gè)活躍用戶在兩個(gè)ORACLE虛擬機(jī)服務(wù)器環(huán)境下，表明兩個(gè)虛擬機(jī)可以提高性能可擴(kuò)展性。我們的結(jié)果也表明通過(guò)虛擬機(jī)服務(wù)器測(cè)量出的結(jié)果有很大的偏差不能被忽略，盡管一些數(shù)據(jù)是通過(guò)LMBENCH測(cè)量。關(guān)鍵詞性能和可擴(kuò)展性；虛擬化；ORACLE虛擬機(jī)服務(wù)器；ORACLE數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)；小紅帽；BAREMETAL服務(wù)器；可利用性

簡(jiǎn)介：信息系統(tǒng)開發(fā)和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)開發(fā)在許多組織中，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)開發(fā)是從企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)建模開始的，企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)建模確定了組織數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的范圍和一般內(nèi)容。這一步驟通常發(fā)生在一個(gè)組織進(jìn)行信息系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃的過(guò)程中，它的目的是為組織數(shù)據(jù)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)整體的描述或解釋，而不是設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)特定的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。一個(gè)特定的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)為一個(gè)或多個(gè)信息系統(tǒng)提供數(shù)據(jù)，而企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)模型（可能包含許多數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)）描述了由組織維護(hù)的數(shù)據(jù)的范圍。在企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)建模時(shí)，你審查當(dāng)前的系統(tǒng)，分析需要支持的業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)域的本質(zhì)，描述需要進(jìn)一步抽象的數(shù)據(jù)，并且規(guī)劃一個(gè)或多個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)開發(fā)項(xiàng)目。圖1顯示松谷家具公司的企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)模型的一個(gè)部分。11信息系統(tǒng)體系結(jié)構(gòu)如圖1所示，高級(jí)的數(shù)據(jù)模型僅僅是總體信息系統(tǒng)體系結(jié)構(gòu)ISA一個(gè)部分或一個(gè)組織信息系統(tǒng)的藍(lán)圖。在信息系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃期間，你可以建立一個(gè)企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)模型作為整個(gè)信息系統(tǒng)體系結(jié)構(gòu)的一部分。根據(jù)ZACHMAN1987、SOWA和ZACHMAN（1992）的觀點(diǎn)，一個(gè)信息系統(tǒng)體系結(jié)構(gòu)由以下6個(gè)關(guān)鍵部分組成數(shù)據(jù)（如圖1所示，但是也有其他的表示方法）。操縱數(shù)據(jù)的處理（著系可以用數(shù)據(jù)流圖、帶方法的對(duì)象模型或者其他符號(hào)表示）。網(wǎng)絡(luò)，它在組織內(nèi)并在組織與它的主要業(yè)務(wù)伙伴之間傳輸數(shù)據(jù)（它可以通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接和拓?fù)鋱D來(lái)顯示）。人，人執(zhí)行處理并且是數(shù)據(jù)和信息的來(lái)源和接收者（人在過(guò)程模型中顯示為數(shù)據(jù)的發(fā)送者和接收者）。執(zhí)行過(guò)程的事件和時(shí)間點(diǎn)（它們可以用狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換圖和其他的方式來(lái)顯示）。事件的原因和數(shù)據(jù)處理的規(guī)則（經(jīng)常以文本形式顯示，但是也存在一些用于規(guī)劃的圖表工具，如決策表）。12信息工程信息系統(tǒng)的規(guī)劃者按照信息系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃的特定方法開發(fā)出信息系統(tǒng)的體系結(jié)構(gòu)。信息工程是一種正式的和流行的方法。信息工程是一種面向數(shù)據(jù)的創(chuàng)建和維護(hù)信息系統(tǒng)的方法。因?yàn)樾畔⒐こ淌敲嫦驍?shù)據(jù)的，所以當(dāng)你開始理解數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)是怎樣被標(biāo)識(shí)和定義時(shí)，信息工程的一種簡(jiǎn)潔的解釋是非常有幫助的。信息工程遵循自頂向下規(guī)劃的方法，其中，特定的信息系統(tǒng)從對(duì)信息需求的廣泛理解中推導(dǎo)出來(lái)（例如，我們需要關(guān)于顧客、產(chǎn)品、供應(yīng)商、銷售員和加工中心的數(shù)據(jù)），而不是合并許多詳盡的信息請(qǐng)求（如一個(gè)訂單輸入屏幕或按照地域報(bào)告的銷售匯總）。自頂向下規(guī)劃可使開發(fā)人員更全面地規(guī)劃信息系統(tǒng)，提供一種考慮系統(tǒng)組件集成的方法，增進(jìn)對(duì)信息系統(tǒng)與業(yè)務(wù)目標(biāo)的關(guān)系的理解，加深對(duì)信息系統(tǒng)在整個(gè)組織中的影響的理解。信息工程包括四個(gè)步驟規(guī)劃、分析、設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)現(xiàn)。信息工程的規(guī)劃階段產(chǎn)生信息系統(tǒng)體系結(jié)構(gòu)，包括企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)模型。13信息系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃信息系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃的目標(biāo)是使信息技術(shù)與組織的業(yè)務(wù)策略緊密結(jié)合，這種結(jié)合對(duì)于從信息系統(tǒng)和技術(shù)的投資中獲取最大利益是非常重要的。正如表1所描述的那樣，信息工程方法的規(guī)劃階段包括3個(gè)步驟，我們?cè)诤罄m(xù)的3個(gè)小節(jié)中討論它們。1確定關(guān)鍵性的規(guī)劃因素關(guān)鍵性的規(guī)劃因素是指組織目標(biāo)、關(guān)鍵的成功因素和問(wèn)題領(lǐng)域。確定這些因素的目的是建立規(guī)劃的環(huán)境并且將信息系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃與戰(zhàn)略業(yè)務(wù)規(guī)劃聯(lián)系起來(lái)。表2顯示了松谷家具公司的一些可能的關(guān)鍵規(guī)劃因素，這些因素有助于信息系統(tǒng)的管理者為新的信息系統(tǒng)和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)社頂優(yōu)先級(jí)以處理需求。例如，考慮到不精確的銷售預(yù)測(cè)這個(gè)問(wèn)題領(lǐng)域，信息系統(tǒng)的管理者可能在組織數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中存放額外的歷史銷售數(shù)據(jù)、新的市場(chǎng)研究數(shù)據(jù)和新產(chǎn)品的測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)。2確定組織的規(guī)劃對(duì)象的專家發(fā)現(xiàn)組織需要改進(jìn)數(shù)據(jù)管理而開始新的項(xiàng)目。即使在自底向上的情況下，建立企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)模型也是必須的，以便理解現(xiàn)有的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)是否可以提供所需的數(shù)據(jù)，否則，新的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)體和屬性都應(yīng)該加到當(dāng)前的組織數(shù)據(jù)資源中去。無(wú)論是戰(zhàn)略需求還是操作信息的需求，每個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)開發(fā)項(xiàng)目通常集中在一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)上。一些數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)項(xiàng)目?jī)H僅集中在定義、設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，以作為后續(xù)信息系統(tǒng)開發(fā)的基礎(chǔ)。然而在大多數(shù)情況下，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)及其相關(guān)信息處理功能是作為一個(gè)完整的信息系統(tǒng)開發(fā)項(xiàng)目的一部分而被開發(fā)的。21系統(tǒng)開發(fā)生命周期指導(dǎo)管理信息系統(tǒng)開發(fā)項(xiàng)目的傳統(tǒng)過(guò)程是系統(tǒng)開發(fā)生命周期SDLC。系統(tǒng)開發(fā)生命周期是指一個(gè)組織中由數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì)人員和程序員組成的信息系統(tǒng)專家小組詳細(xì)說(shuō)明、開發(fā)、維護(hù)和替換信息系統(tǒng)的全部步驟。這個(gè)過(guò)程比作瀑布是因?yàn)槊恳徊蕉剂鞯较噜彽南乱徊剑葱畔⑾到y(tǒng)的規(guī)格說(shuō)明是一塊一塊地開發(fā)出來(lái)的，每一塊的輸出是下一塊的輸入。然而如圖所示，這些步驟并不是純線性的，每個(gè)步驟在時(shí)間上有所重疊（因此可以并行地管理步驟），而且當(dāng)需要重新考慮先前的決策時(shí)，還可以回滾到前面某些步驟。（因而水可以在瀑布中倒流）圖4對(duì)系統(tǒng)開發(fā)生命周期每一階段的目的和可交付的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)明注解。系統(tǒng)開發(fā)生命周期的每一階段都包括與數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)開發(fā)相關(guān)的活動(dòng)，所以，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理的問(wèn)題遍布整個(gè)系統(tǒng)開發(fā)過(guò)程。我們?cè)趫D5中重復(fù)了系統(tǒng)開發(fā)生命周期的七個(gè)階段，并概述了每個(gè)階段常見的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)開發(fā)活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)注意，系統(tǒng)開發(fā)生命周期的階段和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)開發(fā)步驟之間不存在一一對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系，概念數(shù)據(jù)建模發(fā)生在兩個(gè)系統(tǒng)開發(fā)生命周期階段之間。企業(yè)建模數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)開發(fā)過(guò)程從企業(yè)建模（系統(tǒng)開發(fā)生命周期中項(xiàng)目論證和選擇階段的一部分）開始設(shè)定組織數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的范圍和一般內(nèi)容。企業(yè)建模發(fā)生在信息系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃和其他活動(dòng)期間，這些活動(dòng)確定信息系統(tǒng)的哪個(gè)部分需要改變和加強(qiáng)并概述出全部組織數(shù)據(jù)的范圍。在這一步中，檢查當(dāng)前數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和信息系統(tǒng)，分析作為開發(fā)項(xiàng)目主體的業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)域的本質(zhì)，用非常一般的術(shù)語(yǔ)描述每個(gè)信息系統(tǒng)在開發(fā)時(shí)所需要的數(shù)據(jù)。每個(gè)項(xiàng)目只有當(dāng)它達(dá)到組織的預(yù)期目標(biāo)時(shí)才可以進(jìn)行下一步。概念數(shù)據(jù)建模對(duì)一個(gè)已經(jīng)開始的信息系統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目而言，概念數(shù)據(jù)建模階段分析信息系統(tǒng)的全部數(shù)據(jù)需求。它分為兩個(gè)階段。首先，它在項(xiàng)目開始和規(guī)劃階段建立一張類似于圖1的圖。同時(shí)建立其他文檔來(lái)概述不考慮現(xiàn)存數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的情況下特定開發(fā)項(xiàng)目中所需的數(shù)據(jù)范圍。此時(shí)僅僅包括高層類別的數(shù)據(jù)（實(shí)體）和主要聯(lián)系。然后在系統(tǒng)開發(fā)生命周期的分析階段產(chǎn)生確定信息系統(tǒng)必須管理的全部組織數(shù)據(jù)的詳細(xì)數(shù)據(jù)模型，定義所有數(shù)據(jù)屬性，列出全部數(shù)據(jù)類別，表示數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)體間所有的業(yè)務(wù)聯(lián)系，確定描述數(shù)據(jù)完整性的全部規(guī)則。在分析階段，還要檢查概念數(shù)據(jù)模型（在后面也稱作概念模式）與用來(lái)解釋目標(biāo)信息系統(tǒng)其他方面的模型類別的一致性，例如處理步驟、處理數(shù)據(jù)的規(guī)則以及時(shí)間的時(shí)序。然而，即使是這樣詳細(xì)的概念數(shù)據(jù)模型也只是初步的，因?yàn)楹罄m(xù)的信息系統(tǒng)生命周期中的活動(dòng)在設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)、報(bào)表、顯示和查詢時(shí)可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)遺漏的元素或錯(cuò)誤。因此，經(jīng)常說(shuō)到的概念數(shù)據(jù)建模是以一種自頂向下的方式完成的，它由業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)域的一般理解所驅(qū)動(dòng)，而不是由特定的信息處理活動(dòng)所驅(qū)動(dòng)。3邏輯數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì)邏輯數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì)從兩個(gè)角度進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)開發(fā)。首先，將概念數(shù)據(jù)模型變換成基于關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)理論的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)表示方法關(guān)系。然后像設(shè)計(jì)信息系統(tǒng)的每個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)程序（包括程序的輸入和輸出格式）那樣，對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)支持的事務(wù)、報(bào)表、顯示和查詢進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的檢查。在這個(gè)所謂的自底向上的分析中，精確地驗(yàn)證數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中需要維護(hù)的數(shù)據(jù)和在每個(gè)事務(wù)、報(bào)表等等中需要的那些數(shù)據(jù)的性質(zhì)。

簡(jiǎn)介：中文中文3100字出處出處TRANSACTIONSOFNONFERROUSMETALSSOCIETYOFCHINA,2008,182432437附錄附錄英文原文英文原文SCENERECOGNITIONFORMINERESCUEROBOTLOCALIZATIONBASEDONVISIONABSTRACTANEWSCENERECOGNITIONSYSTEMWASPRESENTEDBASEDONFUZZYLOGICANDHIDDENMARKOVMODELHMMTHATCANBEAPPLIEDINMINERESCUEROBOTLOCALIZATIONDURINGEMERGENCIESTHESYSTEMUSESMONOCULARCAMERATOACQUIREOMNIDIRECTIONALIMAGESOFTHEMINEENVIRONMENTWHERETHEROBOTLOCATESBYADOPTINGCENTERSURROUNDDIFFERENCEMETHOD,THESALIENTLOCALIMAGEREGIONSAREEXTRACTEDFROMTHEIMAGESASNATURALLANDMARKSTHESELANDMARKSAREORGANIZEDBYUSINGHMMTOREPRESENTTHESCENEWHERETHEROBOTIS,ANDFUZZYLOGICSTRATEGYISUSEDTOMATCHTHESCENEANDLANDMARKBYTHISWAY,THELOCALIZATIONPROBLEM,WHICHISTHESCENERECOGNITIONPROBLEMINTHESYSTEM,CANBECONVERTEDINTOTHEEVALUATIONPROBLEMOFHMMTHECONTRIBUTIONSOFTHESESKILLSMAKETHESYSTEMHAVETHEABILITYTODEALWITHCHANGESINSCALE,2DROTATIONANDVIEWPOINTTHERESULTSOFEXPERIMENTSALSOPROVETHATTHESYSTEMHASHIGHERRATIOOFRECOGNITIONANDLOCALIZATIONINBOTHSTATICANDDYNAMICMINEENVIRONMENTSKEYWORDSROBOTLOCATIONSCENERECOGNITIONSALIENTIMAGEMATCHINGSTRATEGYFUZZYLOGICHIDDENMARKOVMODELFEATUREFORSCENERECOGNITIONINEXPERIMENTS,THENNISNOTGOODENOUGHTOEXPRESSTHESIMILARITYBETWEENTWOPATTERNSFURTHERMORE,THESELECTEDFEATURESCANNOTREPRESENTTHESCENETHOROUGHLYACCORDINGTOTHESTATEOFARTPATTERNRECOGNITION,WHICHMAKESRECOGNITIONNOTRELIABLE7SOINTHISWORKANEWRECOGNITIONSYSTEMISPRESENTED,WHICHISMORERELIABLEANDEFFECTIVEIFITISUSEDINACOMPLEXMINEENVIRONMENTINTHISSYSTEM,WEIMPROVETHEINVARIANCEBYEXTRACTINGSALIENTLOCALIMAGEREGIONSASLANDMARKSTOREPLACETHEWHOLEIMAGETODEALWITHLARGECHANGESINSCALE,2DROTATIONANDVIEWPOINTANDTHENUMBEROFINTERESTPOINTSISREDUCEDEFFECTIVELY,WHICHMAKESTHEPROCESSINGEASIERFUZZYRECOGNITIONSTRATEGYISDESIGNEDTORECOGNIZETHELANDMARKSINPLACEOFNN,WHICHCANSTRENGTHENTHECONTRIBUTIONOFINDIVIDUALFEATUREFORSCENERECOGNITIONBECAUSEOFITSPARTIALINFORMATIONRESUMINGABILITY,HIDDENMARKOVMODELISADOPTEDTOORGANIZETHOSELANDMARKS,WHICHCANCAPTURETHESTRUCTUREORRELATIONSHIPAMONGTHEMSOSCENERECOGNITIONCANBETRANSFORMEDTOTHEEVALUATIONPROBLEMOFHMM,WHICHMAKESRECOGNITIONROBUST2SALIENTLOCALIMAGEREGIONSDETECTIONRESEARCHESONBIOLOGICALVISIONSYSTEMINDICATETHATORGANISMLIKEDROSOPHILAOFTENPAYSATTENTIONTOCERTAINSPECIALREGIONSINTHESCENEFORTHEIRBEHAVIORALRELEVANCEORLOCALIMAGECUESWHILEOBSERVINGSURROUNDINGS8THESEREGIONSCANBETAKENASNATURALLANDMARKSTOEFFECTIVELYREPRESENTANDDISTINGUISHDIFFERENTENVIRONMENTSINSPIREDBYTHOSE,WEUSECENTERSURROUNDDIFFERENCEMETHODTODETECTSALIENTREGIONSINMULTISCALEIMAGESPACESTHEOPPONENCIESOFCOLORANDTEXTUREARECOMPUTEDTOCREATETHESALIENCYMAPFOLLOWUP,SUBIMAGECENTEREDATTHESALIENTPOSITIONINSISTAKENASTHELANDMARKREGIONTHESIZEOFTHELANDMARKREGIONCANBEDECIDEDADAPTIVELYACCORDINGTOTHECHANGESOFGRADIENTORIENTATIONOFTHELOCALIMAGE11MOBILEROBOTNAVIGATIONREQUIRESTHATNATURALLANDMARKSSHOULDBEDETECTEDSTABLYWHENENVIRONMENTSCHANGETOSOMEEXTENTTOVALIDATETHEREPEATABILITYONLANDMARKDETECTIONOFOURAPPROACH,WEHAVEDONESOMEEXPERIMENTSONTHECASESOFSCALE,2DROTATIONANDVIEWPOINTCHANGESETCFIG1SHOWSTHATTHEDOORISDETECTEDFOR

簡(jiǎn)介：9142012,246914924DOI101016/S1001605811603193RESERVOIRSEDIMENTATIONANDTRANSFORMATIONOFMORPHOLOGYINTHELOWERYELLOWRIVERDURING10YEAR’SINITIALOPERATIONOFTHEXIAOLANGDIRESERVOIRCHENJIANGUOINTERNATIONALRESEARCHANDTRAININGCENTERONEROSIONANDSEDIMENTATIONIRTCRS,BEIJING100048,CHINA,EMAILCHENJGIWHRCOMZHOUWENHAO,CHENQIANGCHINAINSTITUTEOFWATERRESOURCESANDHYDROPOWERRESEARCHIWHR,BEIJING100048,CHINARECEIVEDJUNE1,2012,REVISEDJULY14,2012ABSTRACTTHEXIAOLANGDIHYDROPROJECTISONEOFTHELARGEPROJECTSONTHEMAINSTEMOFTHEMIDDLEYELLOWRIVERITHASBEENOPERATEDFORMORETHAN10YEARS,SINCEITSIMPOUNDMENTINOCTOBER,1999THERESERVOIRHASTRAPPED2833109M3OFSEDIMENT,ANDCAUSEDTHETOTALEROSIONOF1891109TINTHELOWERYELLOWRIVERFROMOCTOBER,1999THROUGHOCTOBER,2010NOTONLYTHESERIOUSATROPHIEDSITUATIONOFTHELOWERYELLOWRIVERLYRHASBEENRESUSCITATING,BUTALSOMANYNEWPHENOMENAOFSEDIMENTTRANSPORTANDBEHAVIORSOFCHANNELREESTABLISHINGARECOMINGINTOBEINGTHEYAREILLUSTRATEDANDDISCUSSEDINDETAILINTHISPAPERKEYWORDSRESERVOIRSEDIMENTATION,DENSITYCURRENT,WATERSEDIMENTREGULATION,ARTIFICIALFLOOD,CHANNELSILTATIONANDEROSION,EROSIONEFFICIENCY,RIVERCONFIGURATIONINTRODUCTION?THELOWERYELLOWRIVERLYRCARRYINGANENORMOUSAMOUNTOFSEDIMENTISNOTORIOUSFORITSSERIOUSDEPOSITIONITHASACHANNELCOMPOSEDOFFINEBEDMATERIALSCHARACTERIZEDBYEASYEROSION,EASYSILTATIONANDHIGHSPEEDOFMORPHOLOGYCHANGESITHASSUFFEREDTWOREMARKABLECHANNELEROSIONPROCESSESINRECENT50YEARSTHEFIRSTCONTINUOUSEROSIONALONGTHERIVERHAPPENEDDURING19601964WHENTHESANMENXIARESERVOIRSMXWASIMPOUNDED1AFTERTWORECONSTRUCTIONOPERATIONSOFTHERESERVOIR,DUETOITSSERIOUSDEPOSITION,THELYRRETURNEDTOTHESTATEOFSEVERESILTATIONESPECIALLY,UNDERTHEDETERIORATEDCLIMATECONDITIONS,THERAPIDINCREASESOFWATERSUPPLY,ANDOTHERHUMANACTIVITIES,THEINCOMINGRUNOFFOFTHEPROJECTSUPPORTEDBYTHENATIONALBASICRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTPROGRAMOFCHINA973PROGRAM,GRANTNO2011CB409901,THE“12THFIVEYEARPLAN”TOSUPPORTSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYPROJECTGRANTNO2012BAB02B01ANDTHESPECIALFUNDSFORPUBLICWELFAREPROJECTGRANTNO200901014BIOGRAPHYCHENJIANGUO1962,MALE,MASTER,PROFESSORRIVERWASDRAMATICALLYREDUCED,THEDEPOSITIONINTHEMAINCHANNELOFTHELYRWASSERIOUSLYINCREASED,ANDTHEFLOODCONVEYINGCAPACITYWASAMAZINGLYDECLINED,THUSTHESAFETYAGAINSTFLOODALONGTHELYRBECAMEACHALLENGINGISSUEFACEDWITHTHESESEVERESITUATIONS,THEXIAOLANGDIHYDROPROJECTWASFORCEDTOBECONSTRUCTEDSINCETHEIMPOUNDMENTOFTHERESERVOIR,THECHANNELOFTHEENTIRELYRHASSUFFEREDASECONDCONTINUOUSEROSION,ANDTHENITSVIGOROFFLOODCONVEYANCE,WATERSUPPLY,ANDECOENVIRONMENTHASBEENGRADUALLYRECOVEREDMEANWHILE,ASERIESOFNEWPHENOMENAOFRESERVOIRSEDIMENTATIONANDCHANNELREESTABLISHINGOFTHELYRHAVECOMEINTOBEING,SUCHASTHEPATTERNSOFRESERVOIRDEPOSITION,THEFORMATIONANDTHETRANSPORTOFDENSITYCURRENT,THECHARACTERISTICSANDTHEEFFICIENCIESOFEROSIONINTHELYR,THEIMPACTSOFBEDSEDIMENTARMOURING,THERELATIONSHIPBETWEENRESERVOIRDEPOSITIONANDRIVERCHANNELEROSION,ANDTHECOMPENSATIONINDEXOFRESERVOIRDEPOSITIONALLOFTHEMHAVEENRICHEDTHECONNOTATIONSOFTHESCIENCEOFFLUVIALPROCESSESFORTHERIVERSWITHHIGHSEDIMENTCONCENTRATIONSAFTERTHEFOUNDINGOFLARGEHYDROPROJECTS916TABLE1DENSITYCURRENTINTHEXIAOLANGDIRESERVOIR20012009INCOMINGCONDITIONSOUTFLOWCONDITIONSDATECAUSEOFFORMATIONRUNOFF109M3SEDIMENTLOAD109TRUNOFF109M3SEDIMENTLOAD109TRATIOOFSEDIMENTDELIVERINGAUG19SEPT5,2001INCOMINGFLOOD14040200002510013006500JUNE23JULY4,2002WATERSEDIMENTREGULATION10980106008610004003440JULY5JULY9,2002INCOMINGFLOOD06460171011470019001110AUG1AUG9,2003WATERSEDIMENTREGULATION07240084002070000200240AUG25SEPT16,2003WATERSEDIMENTREGULATION44790341017260070002056JULY6JULY13,2004WATERSEDIMENTREGULATION06280043517270004401011AUG22AUG31,2004INCOMINGFLOOD10270171013830142008316JUNE27JUNE2,2005WATERSEDIMENTREGULATION04030045011090002004410JULY5JULY10,2005INCOMINGFLOOD04160070007860031004429JUNE25JUNE29,2006WATERSEDIMENTREGULATION05400023012280007003097JULY22JULY29,2006INCOMINGFLOOD07990012708100004803793AUG1AUG6,2006INCOMINGFLOOD04670037907700015304041AUG31SEPT7,2006INCOMINGFLOOD10790055407610012102177JUNE26JULY2,2007WATERSEDIMENTREGULATION09490061319600023403814JULY29AUG8,2007INCOMINGFLOOD13010083419740042605103OCT6OCT19,2007INCOMINGFLOOD19590071212150JUNE27JULY3,2008WATERSEDIMENTREGULATION0686007410045806108JUNE30JULY3,2009WATERSEDIMENTREGULATION0492005450003606610AUG23AUG27,2009INCOMINGFLOOD001440000030200ONLY6712THEPATTERNOFDEPOSITIONTAKESASHAPEOFDELTAORCONE,DEPENDINGONTHEWATERLEVELFLUCTUATION,ASSHOWNINFIG2,INWHICHDISTHEDISTANCE,EZISTHEELEVATIONSTHEDEPOSITEDDELTACANBEEASILYERODEDANDTHENTHEERODEDCOARSESEDIMENTISEASILYSETTLEDDOWNINFRONTOFTHEDAM413DENSITYCURRENTTHEDENSITYCURRENTISGENERATEDBYTHEDENSITYDIFFERENCEBETWEENTHEINCOMINGMUDDYFLOWANDTHEWATERFREEOFSEDIMENTINTHERESERVOIR5TOMAKEAFULLUSEOFTHEDENSITYCURRENTTODRIVEFINESEDIMENTOUTOFTHERESERVOIRISONEOFTHEMAJORPROCEDURESTOMITIGATETHEDEPOSITIONOFLARGERESERVOIRSINCHINADURING20012009,THEREWERENINETEENDENSITYCURRENTSGENERATEDINTHEXIAOLANGDIRESERVOIR131ORIGINOFDENSITYCURRENTINTHEINITIALOPERATIONSTAGE,TWOKINDSOFDENSITYCURRENTS,THENATURALDENSITYCURRENTANDTHEARTIFICIALDENSITYCURRENT,WEREGENERATEDACCORDINGTOTHEIRORIGINS1NATURALDENSITYCURRENTTHENAT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簡(jiǎn)介：JOURNALOFMATERIALSSCIENCE3419993653–3658PHASEDECOMPOSITIONINEXTRUDEDZNALBASEDALLOYYHZHU?,RMHERNANDEZ,LBA?NOSINSTITUTODEINVESTIGACIONESENMATERIALES,UNAM,MEXICODF04510,APARTADOPOSTAL70360,MEXICOEMAILMFYHZHUINETPOLYUEDUHKAGEINGCHARACTERISTICSOFANEXTRUDEDEUTECTOIDZNALBASEDALLOYWEREINVESTIGATEDUSINGXRAYDIFFRACTIONANDSCANNINGELECTRONMICROSCOPYTECHNIQUESTHEEXTRUDEDALLOYCONSISTEDOFALRICHΑPHASEANDZNRICHΗ?EANDΕPHASESTHEORIGINALCASTEUTECTOIDZNALALLOYWASEXTRUDEDAT250?CBOTHSUPERSATURATEDΑ?SANDΒ?SPHASEDECOMPOSEDDURINGEXTRUSIONANDAPPEAREDASFINEANDCOARSELAMELLARSTRUCTURESTHEΗ?EANDΕPHASESPARTICLESFORMEDINTHEORIGINALINTERDENDRITICREGIONITWASFOUNDTHATTWOZNRICHPHASESΗ?EANDΕDECOMPOSEDSEQUENTIALLYDURINGAGEINGAT170,140?CTHEDECOMPOSITIONOFTHEΗ?EPHASEOCCURREDASADISCONTINUOUSPRECIPITATIONINTHEEARLYSTAGEOFAGEINGANDTHEDECOMPOSITIONOFTHEΕPHASETOOKPLACEINAFOURPHASETRANSFORMATIONΑΕ→T?ΗINTHEPROLONGEDAGEINGTWOTYPICALMORPHOLOGIESOFTHEDECOMPOSITIONOFTHEZNRICHPHASESΗ?EANDΕWEREDISTINCTIVEINBACKSCATTEREDSCANNINGELECTRONMICROSCOPYC?1999KLUWERACADEMICPUBLISHERS1INTRODUCTIONALLOYMATERIALSSUFFERALWAYSVARIOUSEXTERNALSTRESSESDURINGTHEIRMANUFACTURINGANDSERVICEAPPLICATIONTHEINVESTIGATIONOFTHESTRESSINDUCEDPHASETRANSFORMATIONANDMICROSTRUCTURALCHANGEINMOSTALLOYMATERIALSISOFPRACTICALIMPORTANCEDECOMPOSITIONOFZNRICHMETASTABLEPHASESINANEXTRUDEDEUTECTOIDZNALBASEDALLOYBECOMERECENTLYANINTERESTINGTOPICBECAUSEOFITSCORRELATIONWITHDIMENSIONALSTABILITYOFTHEMATERIAL1–3WHENTHEEUTECTOIDZNALBASEDALLOYZN76AL22CU2INWTWASEXTRUDEDAT210–290?C,THEZNRICHPHASEΗ?EFORMEDASAMETASTABLEPHASE,ANDDECOMPOSEDDURINGISOTHERMALHOLDINGITWASOBSERVEDTHATTHEDECOMPOSITIONOFTHEMETASTABLEΗ?EPHASERESULTEDINDIMENSIONALSHRINKAGEOFTHEMATERIALANOTHERZNRICHMETASTABLEPHASEΕDECOMPOSEDDURINGPROLONGEDAGING,WHICHCAUSEDEXPANSIONOFTHEMATERIALINTHISPAPERTHEDECOMPOSITIONOFBOTHTHEMETASTABLEPHASESΗ?EANDΕINTHEEXTRUDEDALLOYWASINDETAILINVESTIGATEDDURINGISOTHERMALHOLDING2EXPERIMENTALTHEEUTECTOIDZNALBASEDALLOYMATERIALZN76AL22CU2WTWASCONTINUOUSLYCASTINTORODOF178MMINDIAMETER,THENEXTRUDEDINTORODOF20MMINDIAMETERAFTERHEATINGUPTO250?CTHEEXTRUDEDALLOYSPECIMENSHADBEENPREVIOUSLYAGEDFORAPERIODINEXCESSOF2YEARSATAMBIENTTEMPERATURE?CORRESPONDINGAUTHORDEPARTMENTOFMANUFACTURINGENGINEERING,THEHONGKONGPOLYTECHNICUNIVERSITY,KOWLOON,HONGKONG,PEOPLE’SREPUBLICOFCHINATHEISOTHERMALHOLDINGWASCARRIEDOUTAT170AND140?CRESPECTIVELYXRAYDIFFRACTIONXRDIDENTIFICATION,SCANNINGELECTRONMICROSCOPYSEMANDELECTRONPROBEMICROANALYSISEPMATECHNIQUESWEREAPPLIEDFORINVESTIGATIONOFDECOMPOSITIONOFTHEPHASESINVOLVEDANDMICROSTRUCTURALCHANGEDURINGAGEINGAT170AND140?CAXRAYDIFFRACTOMETERWITHNICKELFILTEREDCUKΑRADIATIONWASEMPLOYEDSCANNINGONFLATSPECIMENSATASPEEDOF1DEG/MINWITHINA2ΘRANGEFROM35?TO47?TOOBTAINCHARACTERISTICXRAYDIFFRACTIONPEAKSSTANDARDMETALLOGRAPHICEXAMINATIONWASCARRIEDOUTINASCANNINGMICROSCOPEUSINGBACKSCATTEREDSEMIMAGETORECEIVEVISIBLEATOMICNUMBERCONTRAST3RESULTSANDDISCUSSION31DECOMPOSITIONOFZNRICHΗ?EANDΕPHASESITWASOBSERVEDTHATTHEEXTRUDEDALLOYCONSISTEDOFALRICHΑPHASEANDZNRICHΗ?EANDΕPHASESBEFOREISOTHERMALHOLDING,ASSHOWNINTHEXRAYDIFFRACTOGRAMSOFTHEEXTRUDEDEUTECTOIDZNALBASEDALLOYATVARIOUSSTAGESOFAGEINGAT170AND140?CRESPECTIVELYFIGS1AND2BOTHSUPERSATURATEDALRICHΑ?SANDZNRICHΒ?SPHASEDECOMPOSEDDURINGEXTRUSTIONAT250?CANDAPPEAREDASFINEANDCOARSELAMELLARSTRUCTURES,ASSHOWNINTHEBACKSCATTEREDSEMIMAGESFIG3THEΗ?EANDΕPHASESPARTICLESFORMEDINTHEINTERDENDRITICREGIONOFTHEORIGINALCASTEUTECTOIDZNALBASEDALLOY0022–2461C?1999KLUWERACADEMICPUBLISHERS3653FIGURE3THERELATIVEXRAYDIFFRACTIONXRDINTENSITYCHANGESOFΕANDT?PHASESDURINGAGEINGAT170?CAAND140?CBFROM10ˉ10PLANESOFTHEΕPHASE?FROM433PLANESOFTHET?PHASEAFIGURE4SCANNINGELECTRONMICROGRAPHOFTHEEXTRUDEDEUTECTOIDZNALALLOYABEFOREAGEING,ANDAFTERAGEINGAT170?CFOR1HB,10HC,AND50HD→PRECIPITATIONOFTHEΗ?EPHASE→PRECIPITATIONOFTHEΕPHASECONTINUEDSHIFTEDTOTHELOWER2Θ,ACCORDINGLYTHEDSPACINGOFTHE0002CRYSTALPLANESINCREASED,ASLABELEDINFIG2ALSOTHERELATIVECHANGESOFTHEXRAYDIFFRACTIONINTENSITYOFΕANDT?PHASESDURINGPROLONGEDAGEINGAT140?CWEREOBSERVED,ASSHOWNINBOTHFIGS2AND4BHOWEVERTHEPHASETRANSFORMATIONRATEAT140?CWASAPPARENTLYLOWERTHANTHATAT170?CASSHOWNINFIGS1AND2,THEXRAYDIFFRACTIONPEAKSOFTHEΕPHASEVANISHEDAFTER113HAGEINGAT170?C,WHISTTHE10ˉ10XRAYDIFFRACITONPEAKOFTHEΕPHASESTILLEXSISTEDAFTER304HAGEINGAT140?C32MICROSTRUCTURALCHARACTERISTICSTHEABOVEMENTIONEDTWOSTAGESOFDECOMPOSITIONWERECLEARLYOBSERVEDONSCANNINGELECTRONMICROSCOPEASSHOWNINTHEBACKSCATTEREDSEMIMAGESOFTHEEXTRUDEDEUTECTOIDZNALBASEDALLOYATVARIOUSSTAGESOFAGEINGAT170?CFIG3,THEMICROSTRUCTURALEVOLUTIONOFTHEEXTRUDEDEUTECTOIDZNALBASEDALLOYWASCHARACTERISTICOFTWOKINDSOFDECOMPOSITIONOFTHEZNRICHΗ?EANDΕPHASESBEFOREAGEINGTHEMICROSTRUCTUREOFTHEEXTRUDEDEUTECTOIDZNALBASEDALLOYCONSISTEDOFTHELIGHTCONTRAST3655

簡(jiǎn)介：JLUOEDAFFECTIVECOMPUTINGANDINTELLIGENTINTERACTION,AISC137,PP603–608SPRINGERLINKCOM?SPRINGERVERLAGBERLINHEIDELBERG2012MOBILEWEBSERVERTOTHEANDROIDPLATFORMHUCHENGWEIELECTRONICCOMMUNICATIONDEPARTMENT,GUANGHOUCIVILAVIATIONCOLLEGE,GUANGZHOU,CHINAHCW94HOTMAILCOMABSTRACTANDROIDISACOMPLETEOPERATINGENVIRONMENTBASEDUPONTHELINUX?V26KERNELTHEMAINDEPLOYMENTTARGETFORANDROIDISTHEMOBILEPHONEARENA,INCLUDINGSMARTPHONESANDLOWERCOSTFLIPPHONEDEVICESJETTYISANOPENSOURCEPROJECTPROVIDINGAHTTPSERVER,HTTPCLIENTANDJAVAXSERVLETCONTAINERANDROIDBASEDIJETTYVERSIONISLOADEDASASERVLETONANDROID,SAYSWEBTIDEONCELOADED,ITENABLESREMOTEACCESSTOPHONEFUNCTIONSFROMDESKTOPPCSINTHISARTICLE,GETANINTRODUCTIONTOJETTYWEBSEVERTOTHEANDROIDPLATFORMKEYWORDSANDROID,JETTY,MOBLEWEBSERVER,ECLIPSE,LINUX,OPENSOURCE1INTRODUCTIONSINCETHEINTRODUCTIONOFTHEOPENSOURCEANDROIDPLATFORMFORMOBILEPHONESBYGOOGLE,THEREHASBEENSIGNIFICANTINTERESTINNETWORKBASEDORNETWORKCAPABLEAPPLIANCESDEVELOPMENTONEOFIMPORTANTAPPLIANCESISBEINGDONEINPROVIDINGWEBSERVICESFROMMOBILEDEVICES,CALLEDMOBILEHOSTEDWEBSERVICES,WHEREANEXTERNALAPPLICATIONREQUESTSAWEBSERVICEPROVIDEDBYTHEMOBILEDEVICEJETTYISDESIGNEDTOWORKASASTANDALONEWEBSERVERORASADYNAMICCONTENTSERVERBEHINDADEDICATEDHTTPSERVERSUCHASAPACHETHEANDROIDBASEDIJETTYVERSIONISLOADEDASASERVLETONANDROID,SAYSWEBTIDEITCANENABLEREMOTEACCESSTOPHONEFUNCTIONSFROMDESKTOPPCSIJETTYUSERSCANALSOBUILDPUBLICLYACCESSIBLEMOBILEWEBSERVERSTHEPOTENTIALMIGHTBEGREATERWITHIJETTYCOMPAREDTONOKIASTECHNOLOGY,BECAUSEIJETTYISMOREOFAFULLFEATUREDJAVAAPPLICATIONSERVERASOPPOSEDTOBEINGJUSTAPAGESERVERFOREXAMPLE,IJETTYSUPPORTSWEBSERVICESTECHNOLOGIESSUCHASAJAXASYNCHRONOUSJAVASCRIPTANDXML,WHICHSPEEDSUPINTERACTIVEPROCESSESONAJAXENABLEDAPPLICATIONSLIKEGOOGLEMAPS2THEANDROIDPLATFORMWITHANDROIDSBREADTHOFCAPABILITIES,ITWOULDBEEASYTOCONFUSEITWITHADESKTOPOPERATINGSYSTEMANDROIDISAMOBILEOPERATINGSYSTEMRUNNINGONTHELINUXKERNEL,ANDITINCLUDESRICHFUNCTIONSITWASINITIALLYDEVELOPEDBYANDROIDINC,AFIRMLATERPURCHASEDBYGOOGLE,ANDLATELYBYTHEOPENHANDSETALLIANCEITALLOWSDEVELOPERSMOBILEWEBSERVERTOTHEANDROIDPLATFORM605FIG2DALVIKVMANANDROIDAPPLICATIONCONSISTSOFONEORMOREOFTHEFOLLOWINGCLASSIFICATIONS21ACTIVITIESANAPPLICATIONTHATHASAVISIBLEUIISIMPLEMENTEDWITHANACTIVITYWHENAUSERSELECTSANAPPLICATIONFROMTHEHOMESCREENORAPPLICATIONLAUNCHER,ANACTIVITYISSTARTED22SERVICESASERVICESHOULDBEUSEDFORANYAPPLICATIONTHATNEEDSTOPERSISTFORALONGTIME,SUCHASANETWORKMONITORORUPDATECHECKINGAPPLICATION23CONTENTPROVIDERSYOUCANTHINKOFCONTENTPROVIDERSASADATABASESERVERACONTENTPROVIDERSJOBISTOMANAGEACCESSTOPERSISTEDDATA,SUCHASASQLITEDATABASEIFYOURAPPLICATIONISVERYSIMPLE,YOUMIGHTNOTNECESSARILYCREATEACONTENTPROVIDERIFYOUREBUILDINGALARGERAPPLICATION,ORONETHATMAKESDATAAVAILABLETOMULTIPLEACTIVITIESORAPPLICATIONS,ACONTENTPROVIDERISTHEMEANSOFACCESSINGYOURDATA24BROADCASTRECEIVERSANANDROIDAPPLICATIONMAYBELAUNCHEDTOPROCESSAELEMENTOFDATAORRESPONDTOANEVENT,SUCHASTHERECEIPTOFATEXTMESSAGEANANDROIDAPPLICATION,ALONGWITHAFILECALLEDANDROIDMANIFESTXML,ISDEPLOYEDTOADEVICEANDROIDMANIFESTXMLCONTAINSTHENECESSARYCONFIGURATIONINFORMATIONTOPROPERLYINSTALLITTOTHEDEVICEITINCLUDESTHEREQUIREDCLASSNAMESANDTYPESOFEVENTSTHEAPPLICATIONISABLETOPROCESS,ANDTHEREQUIREDPERMISSIONSTHEAPPLICATIONNEEDSTORUNFOREXAMPLE,IFANAPPLICATIONREQUIRESACCESSTOTHENETWORKTODOWNLOADAFILE,FOREXAMPLETHISPERMISSIONMUSTBEEXPLICITLYSTATEDINTHEMANIFESTFILEMANYAPPLICATIONSMAYHAVETHISSPECIFICPERMISSIONENABLEDSUCHDECLARATIVESECURITYHELPSREDUCETHELIKELIHOODTHATAROGUEAPPLICATIONCANCAUSEDAMAGEONYOURDEVICE

簡(jiǎn)介：DOI101007/S001700042091XORIGINALARTICLEINTJADVMANUFTECHNOL200526959–964WPOLINISTURCHETTAEVALUATIONOFDIAMONDTOOLWEARRECEIVED28MAY2003/ACCEPTED9JANUARY2004/PUBLISHEDONLINE19MAY2004?SPRINGERVERLAGLONDONLIMITED2004ABSTRACTTHEPRESENTSTUDYPROPOSESATESTPROTOCOLREGARDINGTHEWEAROFSINTEREDDIAMONDTOOLSASETOFPARAMETERS,WHICHCHARACTERISETHEGRADEOFWEAR,ANDITSRELATIONSHIPWITHTHECUTTINGABILITYOFTHEEXAMINEDTOOLS,AREESTABLISHEDTHEPROPOSEDPROTOCOLESTABLISHESTHEPROCEDUREANDTHEEQUIPMENTFORCARRYINGOUTTHETESTS,THEFEATURESOFTHEMATERIALSTOUSEANDTHEFORMATOFTHEREPORTTOPRESENTTHERESULTSOBTAINEDTHEDEVELOPEDTESTPROTOCOLINDICATESANUNIVERSALLYAPPLICABLEWAYFORMEASUREMENTOFTHEWEAROFTHEDIAMONDTOOLITISANINDISPENSABLEINSTRUMENTFORCORRECTLYCARRYINGOUTTHEWEARTESTSANDFORRELIABLYINTERPRETINGTHERESULTSTHEPROTOCOLDEVELOPEDSOFARMAINLYREGARDSLABORATORYTESTS,CONSIDERINGTHESLOWNESSANDPRECISIONOFTHEMEASUREMENTSINVOLVEDGIVENTHETOTALABSENCEOFNORMS,THISPROTOCOLCOULDBEABSORBEDBYNATIONALANDINTERNATIONALNORMESTABLISHINGORGANISATIONSTHISPROTOCOLHASALSOBEENAPPLIEDTOTWOTYPESOFTOOLSANDTHERESULTSOBTAINEDHAVEAPPEAREDRELIABLEANDREPLICABLETHETESTPROTOCOLPROPOSEDINTHISSTUDYMAKESITPOSSIBLETOOVERCOMETHEDIFFICULTIESCONNECTEDTOTHESCARCITYOFTECHNICALDATAREGARDINGTHEPROPERTIESOFTHETOOL,WHICHISTYPICALINTHISFIELDSINCETHERECIPESFORTOOLMANUFACTURINGAREPATENTEDKEYWORDSCUTTINGTOOLDIAMONDSINTEREDMILLMACROGEOMETRICWEARPARAMETERSTESTPROTOCOLWEAR1INTRODUCTIONTHEINCREASINGDEMANDBOTHINTHEINDUSTRIALFIELDANDINURBANFURNISHINGFORELEMENTSINNATURALSTONEWITHINCREASINGLYCOMPLEXGEOMETRYMAKESITNECESSARYTOUSEINCREASINGLYFLEXIBLEWPOLINISTURCHETTAUDIPARTIMENTODIINGEGNERIAINDUSTRIALE,UNIVERSITàDICASSINO,VIAGDIBIASIO43,03043CASSINO,ITALYEMAILTURCHETTAUNICASITTEL3907762994013FAX3907762993886ANDAUTOMATICMACHINES,SUCHASNUMERICALLYCONTROLLEDMACHININGCENTRESTHESECENTRESMAKEITPOSSIBLETOCARRYOUTLARGENUMBERSOFOPERATIONSBYMEANSOFDIAMONDMILLSNOSTUDIESONOPTIMISATIONOFTHECUTTINGPROCESSHAVEBEENCARRIEDOUTFORTHESEJOBSTHEREFORE,UNTILNOW,ASOMETIMESIMPERFECTSOLUTIONHASBEENACCEPTED1,2OPTIMISATIONMEANSREDUCINGMACHININGCOSTSAND/ORTIMESAND/ORIMPROVINGTHEQUALITYOFTHEPRODUCTSOBTAINEDBYWORKINGONDIFFERENTFACTORS,SUCHASCUTTINGSTRENGTHS,TOOLPROPERTIES,PROCESSTEMPERATURESANDVIBRATIONS3–5ACRITICALPOINTISTHEACTUALTOOLOPTIMISATIONOFTHETOOLPROPERTIESINRELATIONTOTHEWEARPROCESSLEADSTOOPTIMISATIONOFTHEWHOLEPROCESSTHEPRESENTSTUDYAIMSATUNDERSTANDINGTHEDIAMONDTOOLWEARPROCESSTHISBEHAVIOURHASADIRECTINFLUENCEONENERGYCONSUMPTIONANDONTOOLLIFEINPARTICULAR,DIAMONDTOOLWEARNECESSITATESAPPROPRIATEDEFINITIONSANDMEASUREMENTSINOTHERWORDS,ITISNECESSARYTOESTABLISH,INACLEARANDUNEQUIVOCALWAY,THEPARAMETERSTHATCHARACTERISETHEWEARPROCESSANDTHEIRMEASUREMENTBYMEANSOFARELIABLEANDREPLICABLEPROCEDURETHEAIMOFTHEPRESENTSTUDYISTODEFINEATESTPROTOCOLREGARDINGWEAROFSINTEREDDIAMONDTOOLSTHETOTALABSENCEOFBIBLIOGRAPHICREFERENCESORNORMSREGARDINGTHEPROCEDURESFORCONDUCTINGWEARTESTSONSINTEREDDIAMONDTOOLSHASMADEITIMPERATIVETOPREPAREANADAPTABLETESTPROTOCOLTHATOFFERSAUNIVERSALLYVALIDMODEFORCARRYINGOUTTHEMACROGEOMETRICWEARTESTWITHTHEAIMOFOBTAININGREPLICABLEANDCOMPARABLERESULTSITISANINDISPENSABLEINSTRUMENTFORCORRECTLYCARRYINGOUTTESTSANDFORRELIABLYINTERPRETINGTHERESULTSITOFFERSSTONEMACHININGCOMPANIESTHEPOSSIBILITYOFCOMPARINGTOOLSTHATPRODUCERSSELLASBEINGSIMILAR,BUTDURINGMACHININGPRESENTEXTREMELYDIFFERINGPERFORMANCESINFACT,ATTHEPRESENTSTATE,DIAMONDTOOLSAVAILABLEONTHEMARKETARECHARACTERISEDSOLELYBYTHESPECIFICATIONOFTHEMATERIALTHEYCANPROCESS,WHILEOTHERTECHNICALFEATURESARESUBJECTTOINDUSTRIALPATENTAND,THEREFORE,AREUNKNOWNTOMARBLEANDGRANITEMACHININGFIRMSTHISPROTOCOLCOULDBEUSEDBYTOOLMANUFACTURERSTOEVALUATETHEPERFORMANCEOFTHEIRTOOLSCOMPAREDTOTHOSEOFCOMPETITORSANDATTHESAMETIMETOEQUIPTHEIRSUPPLIESWITHINFORMATIONONTHEUSEFULLIFEOFTHETOOLSOFFEREDTHISLASTASPECTREPRESENTSASERVICETHATTRANSFORMERSAREREQUESTING961WHOLERANGEOFSPEEDSUSEDDURINGTHEACTUALMACHININGTHEMETHODTOBEFOLLOWEDTOACHIEVETHETESTREGARDINGTOOLLIFEISTHESAMEASTHATUSEDFORACHIEVINGTHECUTOPERATIONWITHOBSERVATIONSTOBENOTEDANDMEASUREMENTSTOBEMADETHEMACROGEOMETRICWEARTESTCONSISTSOFCARRYINGOUTVARIOUSCUTTINGOPERATIONSINSUCCESSIONANDINTERPOSINGTHEMEASUREMENTOFTHEMACROGEOMETRICWEARPARAMETERSBETWEENONECUTANDTHENEXTTHETESTREPORTWILLCONTAINTHEGRAPHREGARDINGTHETRENDOFTHEMACROGEOMETRICWEARPARAMETERSINRELATIONTOTHEVOLUMEOFREMOVEDMATERIALBELOWWEHAVETHEFULLTEXTOFTHEPROTOCOL31MATERIALTOMACHINEGIVENTHELARGENUMBEROFMATERIALSUSEDINTHENATURALSTONEMACHININGFIELDITISNOTADVISABLETOCOMPARETESTSCARRIEDOUTONDIFFERINGMATERIALSORONMATERIALSHAVINGSIMILARPROPERTIESFORTHISREASONTHEPROPERTIESOFTHEMATERIALSUSEDMUSTBESPECIFIEDINATESTSUMMARYACCORDINGTOTHEDETAILSGIVENINTABLE2FORTHETWOCONSIDEREDGRANITESBLACKAFRICAANDSARDINIANGRANITES32STANDARDCONDITIONSOFTHEWORKPIECETHECUTTINGTESTMUSTINVOLVETHEWHOLESURFACEOFTHETOOLIE,THERADIALDEPTHOFCUTMUSTBEEQUALTOTHEDIAMETEROFTHETOOLITMUSTBECARRIEDOUTONSLABSHAVINGDIMENSIONSTHATWILLMINIMISEVIBRATIONSOFTHEWORKPIECEDURINGTHETESTTHESPINDLEANDTHETABLEWHERETHEWORKPIECEWILLBEFIXEDMUSTBESTABLEANDWELLBALANCEDDURINGPOSITIONINGOFTHEWORKPIECEONTHETABLEBENDINGOFTHEWORKPIECEMUSTBECAREFULLYAVOIDED33TOOLTOOLWEARSTRONGLYDEPENDSONTHEMATERIALSCONSTITUTINGTHEACTUALTOOLINTHETESTR′ESUM′E,CHARACTERISTICSOFTHETOOLUSEDDURINGTHETESTMUSTBESPECIFIEDACCORDINGTOINDICATIONSGIVENINTHETABLE3FORTHETWOCONSIDEREDTOOLS34CUTTINGFLUIDALLCUTTINGTESTSINWHICHTHECUTTINGFLUIDISNOTAVARIABLEMUSTBEACHIEVEDUSINGWATERASTHECUTTINGFLUIDTHECUTTINGFLUIDJETMUSTBEDIRECTEDONTOTHEFACEOFTHETOOLANDCOMPLETELYHITTHEACTIVEPARTOFTHETOOLIFPOSSIBLE,INDICATEJETCAPACITYANDPRESSUREINTHETESTR′ESUM′E35CUTCONDITIONSFORALLCUTTINGTESTSINWHICHFEEDRATEF,AXIALDEPTHOFCUTA,ANDCUTTINGSPEEDVTDONOTCONSTITUTETHEMAINTESTVARIABLES,CUTTINGCONDITIONSMUSTHAVETHEREFERENCEVALUESSHOWNINTABLE4IFTHEAIMOFTHESTUDYISTOEVALUATETHERELATIONSHIPAMONGTOOLWEARANDCUTTINGPARAMETERS,CUTTINGCONDITIONSMUSTBEPLANNEDONMANYDIFFERENTLEVELS,INSIDETHERANGEOFINTERESTFROMANINDUSTRIALPOINTOFVIEW,THROUGHDESIGNOFEXPERIMENTTECHNIQUESDOETECHNIQUES36MACROGEOMETRICWEARTESTPROCEDURE361INTRODUCTIONTHEAIMOFTHETOOLLIFETESTISTOESTABLISHBYMEANSOFEXPERIMENTALTESTSHOWONEORMOREPARAMETERSINFLUENCETHELIFEOFTHECUTTINGTOOLSTHEREASONFORDECIDINGTHATTHELIFEOFAPARTICULARCUTTINGMATERIALISOVERISOFTENDIFFERENTFORDIFFERENTMACHININGOPERATIONSTHESIMPLESTCASETHATCANOCCURISWHENTHETOOLBECOMESCOMPLETELYUNUSABLEINTHEMAJORITYOFCASESTHETOOLWEARSPROGRESSIVELYANDTHEMACHININGCARRIEDOUTBECOMESLESSSATISFACTORY,FORINSTANCE,CUTSTRENGTHSINCREASEANDPRODUCEINTOLERABLEBENDINGANDVIBRATIONSDETERMININGTHEENDOFTOOLLIFEISTHUSFIXEDFORREASONSOFCOMPARABILITYTHEDIAMONDTOOLWEARISTHERESULTOFPROGRESSIVECONSUMPTIONOFBOTHDIAMONDANDBINDINGTHEDIAMONDGRITWEARISSTRONGLYCONNECTEDWITHTHEGRITPROPERTIES,WHILETHEBINDINGCONSUMPTIONISAFUNCTIONOFBINDINGHARDNESSTHEMICROGEOMETRICEFFECTISBOTHTHEPROGRESSIVEROUNDINGANDBREAKAGEOFTHEDIAMONDGRITS,CONSTITUTINGTHESECTORSLAYERBYLAYER,ANDTHEEROSIONOFBINDINGTHEMACROGEOMETRICRESULTISTHEDECREASEOFBOTHTHEDIAMETERANDTHEWEIGHTOFTHETOOLTOGETHERWITHTHEPOSSIBLECHANGEOFTHETOOLCYLINDRICALSHAPEINTIMETHEWEARPROGRESSIONOFADIAMONDTOOLSTRONGLYINFLUENCESTHETOOLPERFORMANCESAND,THEREFORE,THEEFFECTIVENESSANDTHEEFFICIENCYOFTHESTONEMACHININGINFACT,AWORNTOOLINCREASESTHELOSSOFTHECUTTINGABILITY,THEAMOUNTOFVIBRATIONSPRODUCEDDURINGTHECUTTINGPROCESS,THEPROBABILITYTOHAVEADISCONTINUOUSPROCESSAND,THEREFORE,THEPRESENCEOFCHIPPINGSANDUNDULATIONSONTHERESULTINGSTONEPRODUCTTHETOOLPERFORMANCEISACRITICALELEMENTFORTHEOPTIMISATIONOFTHESTONEMACHINING362MACHINETOOLTHEMACHINEUSEDFORTHETESTMUSTBEOFRIGIDSTRUCTUREANDNOTTENDTOVIBRATEORBENDANOMALOUSLYDURINGTHETESTTHEMACHINETOOLMUSTHAVEACOMMANDFORCONTINUOUSSPEEDVARIATIONCOVERINGTHEWHOLERANGEOFSPEEDSUSEDFURTHERMORE,AVARIABLESPEEDCOMMANDALLOWSTHEEXACTPREDETERMINATIONOFCUTTINGSPEEDSANDREDUCESTHETIMENECESSARYFOROBTAININGTHETOOLLIFECURVE363INSTRUMENTATIONTHEFOLLOWINGINSTRUMENTSARENECESSARYFORCARRYINGOUTTHENECESSARYMEASUREMENTSANDMUSTBEACCURATELYCONSTRUCTEDINORDERTOBEABLETOVERIFYTHETOLERANCESINDICATEDINTHEPRESENTINSTRUCTIONSASTOPWATCHTOREGISTERCUTTINGTIMESANOPTICALMICROSCOPEEQUIPPEDWITHAMICROMETRICDEVICEFORMEASURINGTHETOOLSIZEANELECTRONICBALANCEWITHASENSITIVITYOF001GANINSTRUMENTFORMEASURINGCUTTINGLIQUIDFLOWMAYBEOBTAINEDBYMEASURINGTHETIMENECESSARYTOEMPTYACONTAINERHAVINGAKNOWNVOLUME

簡(jiǎn)介：DOI101007/S0017000317418ORIGINALARTICLEINTJADVMANUFTECHNOL200424789–793FENGXIANYINGWANGAIQUNLINDALEESTUDYONTHEDESIGNPRINCIPLEOFTHELOGIXGEARTOOTHPROFILEANDTHESELECTIONOFITSINHERENTBASICPARAMETERSRECEIVED2JANUARY2003/ACCEPTED3MARCH2003/PUBLISHEDONLINE3NOVEMBER2004?SPRINGERVERLAGLONDONLIMITED2004ABSTRACTTHEDEVELOPMENTOFSCIENTIFICTECHNOLOGYANDPRODUCTIVITYHASCALLEDFORINCREASINGLYHIGHERREQUIREMENTSOFGEARTRANSMISSIONPERFORMANCETHEKEYFACTORINFLUENCINGDYNAMICGEARPERFORMANCEISTHEFORMOFTHEMESHEDGEARTOOTHPROFILETOIMPROVEAGEAR’STRANSMISSIONPERFORMANCE,ANEWTYPEOFGEARCALLEDTHELOGIXGEARWASDEVELOPEDINTHEEARLY1990SHOWEVER,FORTHISSPECIALKINDOFGEARTHEREREMAINMANYUNKNOWNTHEORETICALANDPRACTICALPROBLEMSTOBESOLVEDINTHISPAPER,THEDESIGNPRINCIPLEOFTHISNEWTYPEOFGEARISFURTHERSTUDIEDANDTHEMATHEMATICALMODULEOFITSTOOTHPROFILEDEDUCEDTHEINFLUENCEONTHEFORMOFTHISTYPEOFTOOTHPROFILEANDITSMESHPERFORMANCEBYITSINHERENTBASICPARAMETERSISDISCUSSED,ANDREASONABLESELECTIONSFORLOGIXGEARPARAMETERSAREPROVIDEDTHUSTHETHEORETICALSYSTEMINFORMATIONABOUTTHELOGIXGEARAREDEVELOPEDANDENRICHEDTHISSTUDYIMPACTSMOSTSIGNIFICANTLYTHEIMPROVEMENTOFLOADCAPACITY,MINIATURISATIONANDDURABILITYOFMODERNKINETICTRANSMISSIONPRODUCTSKEYWORDSBASICPARAMETERDESIGNPRINCIPLELOGIXGEARMINUTEINVOLUTETOOTHPROFILE1INTRODUCTIONINORDERTOIMPROVEGEARTRANSMISSIONPERFORMANCEANDSATISFYSOMESPECIALREQUIREMENTS,ANEWTYPEOFGEAR1WASPUTFORWARDITWASNAMED“LOGIX”INORDERTOIMPROVESOMEDEMERITSOFWNWILDHAVERNOVIKOVANDINVOLUTEGEARSBESIDESHAVINGTHEADVANTAGESOFBOTHKINDSOFGEARSMENTIONEDABOVE,THENEWTYPEOFGEARHASSOMEOTHEREXCELLENTFXIANYINGUWAIQUNSCHOOLOFMECHANICALENGINEERING,SHANDONGUNIVERSITY,PRCHINAEMAILFXYINGSDUEDUCNTEL8653183958520LLEESCHOOLOFMECHANICALMANUFACTURINGENGINEERING,SINGAPOREPOLYTECHNIC,SINGAPORECHARACTERISTICSONTHISNEWTOOTHPROFILE,THECONTINUOUSCONCAVE/CONVEXCONTACTISCARRIEDOUTFROMITSDEDENDUMTOITSADDENDUM,WHERETHEENGAGEMENTSWITHARELATIVECURVATUREOFZEROAREASSUREDATMANYPOINTSHERE,THISKINDOFPOINTISCALLEDTHENULLPOINTNPTHEPRESENCEOFMANYNPSDURINGTHEMESHPROCESSOFLOGIXGEARSCANRESULTINASMALLERSLIDINGCOEFFICIENT,ANDTHEMESHTRANSMISSIONPERFORMANCEBECOMESALMOSTROLLINGFRICTIONACCORDINGLYTHUSTHISNEWTYPEOFGEARHASMANYADVANTAGESSUCHASHIGHERCONTACTINTENSITY,LONGERLIFEANDALARGERTRANSMISSIONRATIOPOWERTRANSFERTHANTHESTANDARDINVOLUTEGEAREXPERIMENTALRESULTSSHOWEDTHAT,GIVENACERTAINNUMBEROFNPSBETWEENTWOMESHEDLOGIXGEARS,THECONTACTFATIGUESTRENGTHIS3TIMESANDTHEBENDFATIGUESTRENGTH25TIMESLARGERTHANTHOSEOFTHESTANDARDINVOLUTEGEARMOREOVER,THEMINIMUMTOOTHNUMBERCANALSOBEDECREASEDTO3,MUCHSMALLERTHANTHATOFTHESTANDARDINVOLUTEGEARTHELOGIXGEAR,REGARDEDASANEWTYPEOFGEAR,STILLPRESENTSSOMEUNSOLVEDPROBLEMSTHEDEVELOPMENTOFCOMPUTERNUMERICALCONTROLLINGCNCTECHNOLOGYMUSTALSOBETAKENINTOCONSIDERATIONNEWHIGHEFFICIENCYMETHODSTOCUTTHISNEWTYPEOFGEARTHEREFORE,FURTHERSTUDYOFTHISNEWTYPEOFGEARMOSTSIGNIFICANTLYIMPACTSTHEACCELERATIONOFITSBROADANDPRACTICALAPPLICATIONTHISPAPERHASTHEPOTENTIALTOUSHERINANEWERAINTHEHISTORYOFGEARMESHTHEORYANDAPPLICATION2DESIGNPRINCIPLEOFLOGIXTOOTHPROFILEACCORDINGTOGEARMESHANDMANUFACTURINGTHEORIES,INORDERTOSIMPLIFYPROBLEMANALYSIS,GENERALLYAGEAR’SBASICRACKISBEGUNWITHSOMESTUDIES2SOHERELETUSDISCUSSTHEBASICRACKOFTHELOGIXGEARFIRSTFIGURE1SHOWSTHEDESIGNPRINCIPLEOFDIVIDEDINVOLUTECURVESOFTHELOGIXRACKINFIG1,PLREPRESENTSAPITCHLINEOFTHELOGIXRACKONEPOINTO1ISSELECTEDTOFORMTHEANGLEN0O1N1Α0,PLO1N1THEPOINTSOFINTERSECTIONBYTWORADIALSO1N0ANDO1N1ANDTHEPITCHLINEPLAREN1ANDN0LETO1N0G1,EXTENDO1N0TOO?1,ANDMAKETWOTANGENTBASICCIRCLESWHOSECENTRESAREO1,O?1ANDRADIIAREEQUALTOG1THEPOINTOFINTERSECTIONBETWEENCIRCLEO1ANDPITCHLINE791HEREN0N?0O1O?1,N1N?1O1O?1,N1N1N0N?0,ANDTHEPARAMETERSΑ0,Δ,G1ANDΡM0AREGIVENASINITIALCONDITIONSTHECURVATURERADIUSOFTHEINVOLUTECURVEATPOINTS1ISΡS1G1Δ,ORΡS1ΡM1G1Δ1THUSTHECURVATURERADIUSANDPRESSUREANGLEOFTHEMINUTEINVOLUTECURVEATPOINTM1AREASFOLLOWSΡM1ΡS1?G1Δ1G1Δ?Δ11Α1Α0ΔΔ12ACCORDINGTOTHEGEOMETRICALRELATIONSHIP,WECANDEDUCETGΑ0Δ2G1?G1COSΔ?G1COSΔ1G1SINΔ?G1SINΔ12?COSΔCOSΔ1SINΔ?SINΔ13BASEDONEQS1,2AND3ANDTHEFORMINGPROCESSOFTHELOGIXRACKPROFILE,THECURVATURERADIUSFORMULAOFANARBITRARYPOINTONTHEPROFILEISDEDUCEDΡMIΡMI?1GIΔ?ΔIWHENIKANDΡM00,ITISEXPRESSEDASFOLLOWSΡMKG1Δ?Δ1G2Δ?Δ2GKΔ?ΔKK?I1GIΔ?ΔI4SIMILARLY,THEPRESSUREANGLEONANARBITRARYKPOINTOFTHETOOTHPROFILECANBEDEDUCEDASFOLLOWSΑKΑ0ΔΔ1ΔΔ2ΔΔKΑ0K?I1ΔΔIΑ0KΔK?I1ΔI5BYNI?1NIGISINΔ?SINΔI/COSΑI?1Δ,EQ5CANBEOBTAINEDN0NKK?I1NI?1NIK?I1GISINΔ?SINΔICOSΑI?1Δ6THUSTHEMATHEMATICALMODELOFTHENO2PORTIONFORTHELOGIXRACKPROFILEISASFOLLOWS?X1N0NK?ΡMKCOSΑKY1ΡMKSINΑKNO27SIMILARLY,THEMATHEMATICALMODELSOFTHEOTHERTHREESEGMENTSCANALSOBEOBTAINEDASFOLLOWS?X1?N0NK?ΡMKCOSΑKY1?ΡMKSINΑKNO18?X1S?N0NK?ΡMKCOSΑKY1ΡMKSINΑKNO39?X1SN0NK?ΡMKCOSΑKY1?ΡMKSINΑKNO410FIG6MESHCOORDINATESOFLOGIXGEARANDITSBASICRACK32MATHEMATICALMODULEOFTHELOGIXGEARTHECOORDINATESO1X1Y1,O2X2Y2ANDPXYARESETUPASSHOWNINFIG6TOEXPRESSTHEMESHRELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHELOGIXRACKANDTHELOGIXGEARHERE,O1X1Y1ISFIXEDONTHERACK,ANDO1ISTHEPOINTOFINTERSECTIONBETWEENTHERACKTOOTHPROFILEANDITSPITCHLINEO2X2Y2ISFIXEDONTHEMESHEDGEAR,ANDO2ISTHEGEAR’SCENTREPXYISANABSOLUTECOORDINATE,ANDPISTHEPOINTOFINTERSECTIONOFTHERACK’SPITCHLINEANDTHEGEAR’SPITCHCIRCLEINACCORDANCEWITHGEARMESHINGTHEORIES3,IFTHEABOVEMODELOFTHELOGIXRACKTOOTHPROFILEISCHANGEDFROMCOORDINATEO1X1Y1TOOXY,ANDTHENAGAINTOO2X2Y2,ANEWTYPEOFGEARPROFILEMODELCANBEDEDUCEDASFOLLOWS?X2?ΡMKCOSΑKCOSΦ2?ΡMKSINΑK?R2SINΦ2Y2?ΡMKCOSΑKSINΦ2ΡMKSINΑK?R2COSΦ211HERETHEPOSITIVEDIRECTIONOFΦ2ISCLOCKWISE,ANDONLYTHEMODELOFTHELOGIXGEARTOOTHPROFILEINTHEFIRSTQUADRANTOFTHECOORDINATESISGIVEN4EFFECTONTHEPERFORMANCEOFTHELOGIXGEARBYITSINHERENTPARAMETERSANDTHEIRREASONABLESELECTIONBESIDESTHEBASICPARAMETERSOFTHESTANDARDINVOLUTERACK,THELOGIXTOOTHPROFILEHASINHERENTBASICPARAMETERSSUCHASINITIALPRESSUREANGLEΑ0,RELATIVEPRESSUREANGLEΔ,INITIALBASICCIRCLERADIUSG0,ETCTHESELECTIONOFTHESEPARAMETERSHASAGREATINFLUENCEONTHEFORMOFTHELOGIXTOOTHPROFILE,ANDTHEFORMDIRECTLYINFLUENCESGEARTRANSMISSIONPERFORMANCETHUSTHEREASONABLESELECTIONOFTHESEBASICPARAMETERSISVERYIMPORTANT41INFLUENCEANDSELECTIONOFINITIALPRESSUREANGLEΑ0CONSIDERINGTHEHIGHERTRANSMISSIONEFFICIENCYINPRACTICALDESIGN,THEINITIALPRESSUREANGLEΑ0SHOULDBESELECTEDAS0?BUTTHEFINALCALCULATIONRESULTSHOWEDTHATTHELOGIXGEARTOOTHPROFILECUTBYTHERACKTOOLWHOSEINITIALPRESSUREANGLEWASEQUALTOZEROWOULDBEOVERCUTONTHEPITCHCIRCLEGENERALLYTHUSTHEINITIALPRESSUREANGLEΑ0CANNOTBEZEROCOMPARINGTHERELATIVEDOUBLECIRCLEARCGEAR3,WECANALSODEDUCETHATTHESMALLER

簡(jiǎn)介：123JOURNALOFINFRARED,MILLIMETER,ANDTERAHERTZWAVESISSN18666892JINFRAREDMILLITERAHZWAVESDOI101007/S107620140082ZHIGHPOWERMODECONVERTEROFOVERMODEDBENTCIRCULARWAVEGUIDEXINJIANNIU,LIXUANWANG,YINGHUILIU,XIANNENGZHUXINHUAYUHIGHPOWERMODECONVERTEROFOVERMODEDBENTCIRCULARWAVEGUIDEXINJIANNIULIXUANWANGYINGHUILIUXIANNENGZHUXINHUAYURECEIVED3MARCH2014/ACCEPTED3JUNE2014SPRINGERSCIENCEBUSINESSMEDIANEWYORK2014ABSTRACTBASEDONTHEMODECOUPLINGTHEORY,ATE01TM11MODECONVERTERWASDESIGNEDANDOPTIMALRESULTSWEREOBTAINEDINTHISPAPER,BANDWIDTHOFMODECONVERTERWITHAXISEXPONENTIALSTRUCTUREISTHELARGEST,ANDMODECONVERTERWITHAXISSINUSOIDALSTRUCTUREISTHEMOSTCOMPACTINTHECASEOFTHECENTERFREQUENCYIS28GHZANDTHEWAVEGUIDERADIUSIS16MMIFTHEBENDINGANGLEBETWEENINPUTPORTANDOUTPUTPORTOFMODECONVERTERWASDEMANDEDFOR90°,MODECONVERTERWITHAXISPARABOLASTRUCTUREHADTHECHARACTERISTICSOFCOMPACTSTRUCTURE,HIGHERMODEPURITYANDLARGERRELATIVEBANDWIDTHMEANWHILE,WEFOUNDTHATTHECONVERTERCOULDBEALSOUSEDASTE11MODETRANSITIONWITHTRANSMISSIONEFFICIENCYABOVE99BUTDUETOBENDINGANGLEOFTHISSTRUCTUREWASRESTRICTED,ITSCENTERFREQUENCYANDWAVEGUIDERADIUSHADTHEOBVIOUSCORRESPONDINGRELATIONKEYWORDSCIRCULARWAVEGUIDE90°BENDMODECONVERTERTRANSITION1INTRODUCTIONGYROTRONGETSRAPIDDEVELOPMENTINTHERECENTYEARSBECAUSEOFITSPEAKPOWER,AVERAGEPOWER,GAIN,EFFICIENCYANDBANDWIDTHARERELATIVELYHIGHERTHANOTHERKINDSOFGYROTRONTUBES,GYROKLYSTRONISALWAYSUSEDASPOWERSOURCEOFTHEMILLIMETERWAVERADAR,PHASEDARRAYRADAR,THEMILLIMETERWAVEHIGHPERFORMANCECOMMUNICATIONSYSTEM,ANDCONTROLLEDTHERMONUCLEARFUSIONSYSTEM1HOWEVER,THEOUTPUTMODEOFGYROKLYSTRONISGENERALLYTE01MODEORTE02MODEWHICHISINCONVENIENTTOBEUSEDDIRECTLYTHUSEXTERNALHIGHPOWERMODECONVERTERSAREJINFRAREDMILLITERAHZWAVESDOI101007/S107620140082ZTHISWORKHASBEENSUPPORTEDINPARTBYTWOGRANTSOFTHENATIONALNATURALSCIENCEFUNDCOMMITTEEOFCHINAGRANTNUMBERS61161002AND11205026XJNIULXWANGYHLIUXNZHUSCHOOLOFPHYSICALELECTRONICS,UNIVERSITYOFELECTRONICSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYOFCHINA,CHENGDU610054,CHINAEMAILNIUXINJIANYEAHNETXHYUSCHOOLOFINFORMATIONANDCOMMUNICATION,GUILINUNIVERSITYOFELECTRONICTECHNOLOGY,GUILIN541004,CHINAAUTHORSPERSONALCOPY

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