簡介：外文資料翻譯第1頁CFDSIMULATIONANDOPTIMIZATIONOFTHEVENTILATIONFORSUBWAYSIDEPLATFORMFENGDONGYUAN,SHIJUNYOUABSTRACTTOOBTAINTHEVELOCITYANDTEMPERATUREFIELDOFSUBWAYSTATIONANDTHEOPTIMIZEDVENTILATIONMODEOFSUBWAYSIDEPLATFORMSTATION,THISPAPERTAKESTHEEVALUATIONANDOPTIMIZATIONOFTHEVENTILATIONFORSUBWAYSIDEPLATFORMSTATIONASMAINLINE,BUILDSTHREEDIMENSIONALMODELSOFORIGINALANDOPTIMIZATIONDESIGNOFTHEEXISTEDANDREBUILTSTATIONANDUSINGTHETWOEQUATIONTURBULENCEMODELASITSPHYSICSMODEL,THETHESISMAKESCOMPUTATIONALFLUIDDYNAMICSCFDSIMULATIONTOSUBWAYSIDEPLATFORMSTATIONWITHTHEBOUNDARYCONDITIONSCOLLECTEDFORSIMULATIONCOMPUTATIONTHROUGHFIELDMEASUREMENTITISFOUNDTHATTHETWOEQUATIONTURBULENCEMODELCANBEUSEDTOPREDICTVELOCITYFIELDANDTEMPERATUREFIELDATTHESTATIONUNDERSOMEREASONABLEPRESUMPTIONSINTHEINVESTIGATIONANDSTUDYATLAST,ANOPTIMIZATIONVENTILATIONMODEOFSUBWAYSIDEPLATFORMSTATIONWASPUTFORWARD1INTRODUCTIONCOMPUTATIONALFLUIDDYNAMICSCFDSOFTWAREISCOMMONLYUSEDTOSIMULATEFLUIDFLOWS,PARTICULARLYINCOMPLEXENVIRONMENTSCHOWANDLI,1999ZHANGETAL,2006MOUREHANDFLICK,2003CFDISCAPABLEOFSIMULATINGAWIDEVARIETYOFFLUIDPROBLEMSGANANDRIFFAT,2004SOMARATHNEETAL,2005PAPAKONSTANTINOUETAL,2000KARIMIPANAHANDAWBI,2002CFDMODELSCANBEREALISTICALLYMODELEDWITHOUTINVESTINGINMORECOSTLYEXPERIMENTALMETHODBETTAETAL,2004ALLOCCAETAL,2003MOUREHANDFLICK,2003SOCFDISNOWAPOPULARDESIGNTOOLFORENGINEERSFROMDIFFERENTDISCIPLINESFORPURSUINGANOPTIMUMDESIGNDUETOTHEHIGHCOST,COMPLEXITY,ANDLIMITEDINFORMATIONOBTAINEDFROMEXPERIMENTALMETHODSLIANDCHOW,2003VARDYETAL,2003KATOLIDOYANDJICHA,2003TUNNELVENTILATIONSYSTEMDESIGNCANBEDEVELOPEDINDEPTHFROMTHEPREDICTIONSOFVARIOUSPARAMETERS,SUCHASVEHICLEEMISSIONDISPERSION,VISIBILITY,AIRVELOCITY,ETCLIANDCHOW,2003YAUETAL,2003GEHRKEETAL,2003外文資料翻譯第3頁MODELWASUSEDTOSIMULATEANDANALYZEINTHESTUDYITSGEOMETRYMODELISSHOWNINFIG121THESTRUCTUREANDORIGINALVENTILATIONMODEOFEXISTENTSTATIONTHESUBWAYHASTWORUNLINESTHESTRUCTUREOFSOUTHWESTSTATIONIS,LENGTHWIDTHHEIGHT744ML187MW44MH,WHICHISATYPICALSIDEPLATFORMSTATIONEACHSIDEHASONLYONEPASSAGEWAYLENGTHHEIGHT64ML29MHTHEMIDDLEOFSTATIONISTHESPACEFORPASSENGERSTOWAITFORTHEVEHICLETHEPLATFORMMECHANICALVENTILATIONISREALIZEDWITHTWOJETOPENINGSLOCATEDATEACHENDOFSTATIONANDTHESUPPLYAIRJETSTOWARDSTRAINANDTRACKTHEREISNOMECHANICALEXHAUSTSYSTEMATTHESTATIONANDAIRISREMOVEDMECHANICALLYBYTUNNELFANSANDNATURALLYBYTHEEXITSOFTHESTATION22THEDESIGNSTRUCTUREANDVENTILATIONOFREBUILTSTATIONTHEPREDICTEDPASSENGERFLOWVOLUMEINCREASEGREATLYANDTHEDIMENSIONOFTHEORIGINALSTATIONISTOOSMALL,SOINTHEREBUILDINGDESIGN,THESTRUCTUREOFSUBWAYSTATIONISCHANGEDTO,LENGTHWIDTHHEIGHT132ML17438MW465MH,ANDEACHSIDEHASTWOPASSAGEWAYSTHEDESIGNVOLUMEFLOWOFSOUTHWESTSTATIONIS400000M3/HFORMOSTEXISTENTSTATIONS,THEPLATFORMHEIGHTISONLY29M,WHICHISTOOLOWTOSETCEILINGDUCTSSOINTHEORIGINALDESIGN,THEREARETWOGRILLEVENTSATEACHENDOFTHEPLATFORMTOSUPPLYFRESHAIRALONGTHEPLATFORMLENGTHDIRECTIONANDTWOGRILLEVENTSTOJETAIRBREADTHWAYSTOWARDSTRAINSTHEDESIGNVELOCITYOFEACHLENGTHWAYSGRILLEVENTIS554M/SFOREACHBREADTHWAYSVENT,ITIS528M/SUNDERTHEPLATFORM,80GRILLEVENTSOFTHESAMEVELOCITY462M/S,40FOREACHPLATFORMOFTHESTATIONARERESPONSIBLEFOREXHAUST3CFDSIMULATIONANDOPTIMIZATIONTHEAPPLICATIONOFCFDSIMULATIONINTHEINDOORENVIRONMENTISBASEDONCONVERSATIONEQUATIONSOFENERGY,MASSANDMOMENTUMOFINCOMPRESSIBLEAIRTHESTUDYADOPTEDATURBULENCEENERGYMODELTHATISTHETWOEQUATIONTURBULENCEMODELADVANCED

簡介：IEEECOMMUNICATIONSMAGAZINESEPTEMBER20049001636804/04/2000?2004IEEEWIRELESSWORLDRESEARCHFORUMINTRODUCTIONTHEDEVELOPMENTOFATRULYPERSONALCOMMUNICATIONSSPACEWILLRELYONTHEDESIGNOFNEXTGENERATIONWIRELESSSYSTEMSBASEDONAWHOLENEWCONCEPTOFFAST,RECONFIGURABLENETWORKS,SUPPORTINGFEATURESSUCHASHIGHDATARATES,USERMOBILITY,ADAPTABILITYTOVARYINGNETWORKCONDITIONS,ANDINTEGRATIONOFANUMBEROFWIRELESSACCESSTECHNOLOGIES,ANDOFFERINGNEWUSERCENTRICFLEXIBLESERVICEPARADIGMS,RELYINGONTHEEXPLOITATIONOFNEWRESOURCESSUCHASCROSSLAYERANDCONTEXTUALINFORMATIONTHENEWCHALLENGESREQUIRETHECONSIDERATIONOFCERTAINENABLINGTECHNOLOGIES,SUCHASSMARTANTENNAS,UNDERNEWPERFORMANCEOBJECTIVESANDDESIGNCONSTRAINTSSMARTANTENNASYSTEMSCONSISTOFMULTIPLEANTENNAELEMENTSATTHETRANSMITTINGAND/ORRECEIVINGSIDEOFTHECOMMUNICATIONLINK,WHOSESIGNALSAREPROCESSEDADAPTIVELYINORDERTOEXPLOITTHESPATIALDIMENSIONOFTHEMOBILERADIOCHANNELDEPENDINGONWHETHERTHEPROCESSINGISPERFORMEDATTHETRANSMITTER,RECEIVER,ORBOTHENDSOFTHECOMMUNICATIONLINK,THESMARTANTENNATECHNIQUEISDEFINEDASMULTIPLEINPUTSINGLEOUTPUTMISO,SINGLEINPUTMULTIPLEOUTPUTSIMO,ORMULTIPLEINPUTMULTIPLEOUTPUTMIMOEXPLOITATIONOFTHESPATIALDIMENSIONCANINCREASETHECAPACITYOFTHEWIRELESSNETWORKBYIMPROVINGLINKQUALITYTHROUGHTHEMITIGATIONOFANUMBEROFIMPAIRMENTSOFMOBILECOMMUNICATIONS,SUCHASMULTIPATHFADINGANDCOCHANNELINTERFERENCE,ANDBYINCREASINGTHEDATARATETHROUGHTHESIMULTANEOUSTRANSMISSIONOFMULTIPLESTREAMSBYDIFFERENTANTENNASUNTILNOW,INTHEDESIGNOFSECONDANDTHIRDGENERATIONWIRELESSSYSTEMS,SMARTANTENNACAPABILITYWASCONSIDEREDANADDONFEATURE,ANDOPTIMIZATIONOFTHETRADEOFFBETWEENCOMPLEXITY/COSTANDPERFORMANCEENHANCEMENTSWASNOTPERFORMEDDURINGTHEDESIGNPHASEADOPTIONOFSMARTANTENNATECHNIQUESINFUTUREGENERATIONWIRELESSSYSTEMSWOULDREQUIRETHESMARTANTENNAFEATURETOBEANINHERENTPARTOFTHESYSTEMDESIGNINORDERTOPROVIDETHEEXPECTEDBENEFICIALIMPACTONEFFICIENTUSEOFTHESPECTRUM,MINIMIZATIONOFTHECOSTOFESTABLISHINGNEWWIRELESSNETWORKS,ENHANCEMENTOFTHEQUALITYOFSERVICE,ANDREALIZATIONOFRECONFIGURABLE,ROBUST,ANDTRANSPARENTOPERATIONACROSSMULTITECHNOLOGYWIRELESSNETWORKSTOTHISENDCURRENTRESEARCHEFFORTINTHEAREAISFOCUSINGONTHEFOLLOWINGCRITICALISSUESTHEDESIGNANDDEVELOPMENTOFADVANCEDSMARTANTENNAPROCESSINGALGORITHMSTHATALLOWADAPTATIONTOVARYINGPROPAGATIONANDNETWORKCONDITIONSANDROBUSTNESSAGAINSTNETWORKIMPAIRMENTSTHEDESIGNANDDEVELOPMENTOFINNOVATIVESMARTANTENNASTRATEGIESFOROPTIMIZATIONOFANGELIKIALEXIOU,BELLLABORATORIES,LUCENTTECHNOLOGIESMARTINHAARDT,ILMENAUUNIVERSITYOFTECHNOLOGYABSTRACTTHEADOPTIONOFSMARTANTENNATECHNIQUESINFUTUREWIRELESSSYSTEMSISEXPECTEDTOHAVEASIGNIFICANTIMPACTONTHEEFFICIENTUSEOFTHESPECTRUM,THEMINIMIZATIONOFTHECOSTOFESTABLISHINGNEWWIRELESSNETWORKS,THEOPTIMIZATIONOFSERVICEQUALITY,ANDREALIZATIONOFTRANSPARENTOPERATIONACROSSMULTITECHNOLOGYWIRELESSNETWORKSNEVERTHELESS,ITSSUCCESSRELIESONTWOCONSIDERATIONSTHATHAVEBEENOFTENOVERLOOKEDWHENINVESTIGATINGSMARTANTENNATECHNOLOGIESFIRST,THESMARTANTENNASFEATURESNEEDTOBECONSIDEREDEARLYINTHEDESIGNPHASEOFFUTURESYSTEMSTOPDOWNCOMPATIBILITYSECOND,AREALISTICPERFORMANCEEVALUATIONOFSMARTANTENNATECHNIQUESNEEDSTOBEPERFORMEDACCORDINGTOTHECRITICALPARAMETERSASSOCIATEDWITHFUTURESYSTEMSREQUIREMENTSBOTTOMUPFEASIBILITYINTHISARTICLEANOVERVIEWOFTHEBENEFITSOFANDMOSTRECENTADVANCESINSMARTANTENNATRANSCEIVERARCHITECTUREISGIVENFIRSTTHENTHEMOSTIMPORTANTTRENDSINTHEADOPTIONOFSMARTANTENNASINFUTURESYSTEMSAREPRESENTED,SUCHASRECONFIGURABILITYTOVARYINGCHANNELPROPAGATIONANDNETWORKCONDITIONS,CROSSLAYEROPTIMIZATION,ANDMULTIUSERDIVERSITY,ASWELLASCHALLENGESSUCHASTHEDESIGNOFASUITABLESIMULATIONMETHODOLOGYANDTHEACCURATEMODELINGOFCHANNELCHARACTERISTICS,INTERFERENCE,ANDIMPLEMENTATIONLOSSESFINALLY,MARKETTRENDS,FUTUREPROJECTIONS,ANDTHEEXPECTEDFINANCIALIMPACTOFSMARTANTENNASYSTEMSDEPLOYMENTAREDISCUSSEDSMARTANTENNATECHNOLOGIESFORFUTUREWIRELESSSYSTEMSTRENDSANDCHALLENGESIEEECOMMUNICATIONSMAGAZINESEPTEMBER200492SMARTANTENNATRANSCEIVERARCHITECTURESINAMULTIPLETRANSMITMULTIPLERECEIVEANTENNASYSTEMASILLUSTRATEDINFIG2,THEDATABLOCKTOBETRANSMITTEDISENCODEDANDMODULATEDTOSYMBOLSOFACOMPLEXCONSTELLATIONEACHSYMBOLISTHENMAPPEDTOONEOFTHETRANSMITANTENNASSPATIALMULTIPLEXINGAFTERSPACETIMEWEIGHTINGOFTHEANTENNAELEMENTSAFTERTRANSMISSIONTHROUGHTHEWIRELESSCHANNEL,DEMULTIPLEXING,WEIGHTING,DEMODULATION,ANDDECODINGISPERFORMEDATTHERECEIVERINORDERTORECOVERTHETRANSMITTEDDATAALARGENUMBEROFTRANSMISSIONSCHEMESOVERMISOORMIMOCHANNELSHAVEBEENPROPOSEDINTHELITERATURE,DESIGNEDTOMAXIMIZESPECTRALEFFICIENCYANDLINKQUALITYTHROUGHTHEMAXIMIZATIONOFDIVERSITY,DATARATE,ANDSIGNALTOINTERFERENCEANDNOISERATIOSINREACHOFTHESESCHEMESRELIESONACERTAINAMOUNTOFCHANNELSTATEINFORMATIONCSIAVAILABLEATTHETRANSMITTERAND/ORRECEIVERSIDECSIATTHETRANSMITTERCANBEMADEAVAILABLETHROUGHFEEDBACKORCANBEOBTAINEDBASEDONESTIMATIONOFTHERECEIVECHANNELTHEFORMERAPPROACHINTRODUCESTHETRADEOFFBETWEENFEEDBACKCHANNELBANDWIDTHANDCSIACCURACY,WHEREASINTHELATTERCHANNELRECIPROCITYISSUESINFREQUENCYDIVISIONDUPLEXFDDSYSTEMSSHOULDBEACCOUNTEDFORCSIATTHERECEIVERCANBEOBTAINEDUSINGTRAININGBASEDORBLINDTECHNIQUES,WHICHEXPLOITOTHERPROPERTIESOFTHERECEIVEDSIGNAL,SUCHASCONSTANTENVELOPEANDTHEFINITEALPHABETTRANSMISSIONSCHEMESTHATDONOTREQUIRECSIATTHETRANSMITTEREXPLOITTHESPATIALDIMENSIONBYEITHERINTRODUCINGCODINGONTHESPATIALDOMAINOREMPLOYINGSPATIALMULTIPLEXINGGAINTHEFORMERAPPROACH,SPACETIMECODING1,INCREASESREDUNDANCYOVERSPACEANDTIME,ASEACHANTENNATRANSMITSADIFFERENTLYENCODEDFULLYREDUNDANTVERSIONOFTHESAMESIGNALTHERECEIVEDSIGNALISDETECTEDUSINGAMAXIMUMLIKELIHOODMLDECODERSPACETIMECODESWEREORIGINALLYDEVELOPEDINTHEFORMOFSPACETIMETRELLISCODESSTTCS,WHICHREQUIREDAMULTIDIMENSIONALVITERBIALGORITHMFORDECODINGATTHERECEIVERTHESECODESCANPROVIDEDIVERSITYEQUALTOTHENUMBEROFTRANSMITANTENNASASWELLASCODINGGAINDEPENDINGONTHECOMPLEXITYOFTHECODEWITHOUTLOSSINBANDWIDTHEFFICIENCYSPACETIMEBLOCKCODESSTBCSOFFERTHESAMEDIVERSITYASSTTCSBUTDONOTPROVIDECODINGGAINHOWEVER,STBCSAREOFTENTHEPREFERREDSOLUTIONOVERSTTCS,ASTHEIRDECODINGONLYREQUIRESLINEARPROCESSINGSTBCSFORTWOTRANSMITANTENNASPROPOSEDBYALAMOUTI5HAVEBEENADOPTEDASPARTOFTHIRDGENERATION3GSTANDARDSSPACETIMECODINGTECHNIQUESASSUMEINPRINCIPLEPERFECTCSIATTHERECEIVERNEVERTHELESS,UNITARYANDDIFFERENTIALSPACETIMECODINGHASBEENPROPOSED6,WHICHDOESNOTREQUIRECSIATEITHERSIDEOFTHECOMMUNICATIONLINKLAYEREDSPACETIMEARCHITECTURESEXPLOITTHESPATIALMULTIPLEXINGGAINBYSENDINGINDEPENDENTLYENCODEDDATASTREAMSINDIAGONALLAYERSASORIGINALLYPROPOSEDIN7ORINHORIZONTALLAYERS,THESOCALLEDVERTICALBELLLABSLAYEREDSPACETIMEVBLASTSCHEME8,DEPICTEDINFIG3THERECEIVERMUSTDEMULTIPLEXTHESPATIALCHANNELSINORDERTODETECTTHETRANSMITTEDSYMBOLSVARIOUSTECHNIQUESHAVEBEENUSEDFORTHISPURPOSE,SUCHASZEROFORCINGZFTHATUSESSIMPLEMATRIXINVERSION,BUTRESULTSAREPOORWHENTHECHANNELMATRIXISILLCONDITIONEDMINIMUMMEANSQUAREERRORMMSE,MOREROBUSTINTHATSENSEBUTPROVIDESLIMITEDENHANCEMENTIFKNOWLEDGEOFTHENOISE/INTERFERENCEISNOTUSEDANDMAXIMUMLIKELIHOODML,WHICHISOPTIMALINTHESENSETHATITCOMPARESALLPOSSIBLECOMBINATIONSOFSYMBOLSBUTCANBETOOCOMPLEX,ESPECIALLYFORHIGHORDERMODULATIONTRANSMISSIONSCHEMESTHATREQUIREPERFECTCSIATTHETRANSMITTEROPTIMIZESINRBYFOCUSINGENERGYINTHEDESIREDDIRECTIONS,MINIMIZINGENERGYTOWARDALLOTHERDIRECTIONSANDSATISFYINGTRANSMITPOWERCONSTRAINTSASILLUSTRATEDINFIG4BEAMFORMINGALLOWSSPATIALACCESSTOTHERADIOCHANNELBYMEANSOFDIFFERENTAPPROACHES,CONSIDERINGEITHERSHORTTERMPROPERTIESEG,DIRECTIONALPARAMETERSORLONGTERMPROPERTIESEG,SECONDORDERSTATISTICSOFTHERADIOCHANNELINTHEMAJORITYOFCASESITISREASONABLETOASSUMETHATONLYPARTIALCSIISAVAILABLEATTHETRANSMITTERHYBRIDSCHEMESTHATCOMBINESPACETIMECODINGANDBEAMFORMINGHAVEBEENPROPOSEDTHESEINTRODUCEPRECODINGTOEXPLOITTHEAVAILABLECSIWHENOPTIMIZINGACERTAINCRITERIONEG,PAIRWISEERRORPROBABILITY9ROBUSTTRANSMITBEAMFORMINGSCHEMESHAVEALSOBEENPROPOSEDTHATTAKEINTOACCOUNTCSIESTIMATIONERRORSANDIFIGURE2SMARTANTENNATRANSCEIVERARCHITECTUREMTXANTENNASNRXANTENNASCHANNELHDATACODINGMODULATIONSPACETIMEWEIGHTINGSPATIALMULTIPLEXINGDATADEMULTIPLEXINGWEIGHTINGDEMODULATIONDECODINGIFIGURE3LAYEREDARCHITECTURESAINDIAGONALBLASTDBLASTTHEBITSTREAM/ANTENNAASSOCIATIONISPERIODICALLYCYCLEDBINVERTICALBLASTVBLASTTHEBITSTREAM/ANTENNAASSOCIATIONISFIXEDTIMESPACETX1TX2TX3TXNATIMESPACETX1TX2TX3TXNB

簡介：PROCEDIASOCIALANDBEHAVIORALSCIENCES92010487–493AVAILABLEONLINEATWWWSCIENCEDIRECTCOM18770428?2010PUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDDOI101016/JSBSPRO201012185WCLTA2010WHATISSEARCHENGINEOPTIMIZATIONSEONURSELYAL??NA1,UTKUK?SEBAGAZIUNIVERSITY,DEPARTMENTOFCOMPUTEREDUCATION,ANKARA06500,TURKEYBAFYONKOCATEPEUNIVERSITY,DISTANCEEDUCATIONVOCATIONALSCHOOL,AFYON03200,TURKEYABSTRACTWEBSITES,WHICHINDEXANDCLASSOTHERWEBSITESACCORDINGTOTHEIRKEYWORDS,EXPLANATIONSANDCONTENTSANDMAKEITEASIERANDFASTERTOREACHOBTAINEDSITESEARCHRESULTS,ARECALLEDASSEARCHENGINESSEO“SEARCHENGINEOPTIMIZATION”ISTHEONEOFTHEWIDELYUSEDTECHNIQUETHATPROVIDESWEBSITESFASTREACHABLEINTHISWORKWEEXPLAINEDREQUIREDINFORMATIONTOMAKEAWEBSITEMOREINDEXEDBYSEARCHENGINESANDCONSIDERINGTHEIRKEYWORDSMAKETHEMFIRSTLISTED?2010PUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDKEYWORDSSEO,SEARCHENGINEOPTIMIZATION,PAGERANK,BACKLINK,BOT,METATAGS,SOCIALMEDIA1INTRODUCTIONINTERNETISAWIDECOMMUNITYINCLUDINGMILLIONSOFUSERSANDITISALSONAMEDASONEOFTODAY’SMOSTIMPORTANTCOMMUNICATIONTOOLSTHISWIDECOMMUNITYISALSOKNOWNASANIMPORTANTCUSTOMERPOTENTIALFOREVERYONEWHOTHINKSABOUTBUSINESSWORKSBASEDONINTERNETENVIRONMENTINTERNETHASBECOMENEWCHANNELOFTHEBUSINESSAREAINTHEMODERNWORLDINWHICHITISNOTPOSSIBLETOREACHSUCHAWIDEVOLUMEBYUSINGTRADITIONALSELLINGCHANNELSTHEWORKINGMETHOD,WHICHHASCHANGEDWITHTHEINTERNET,HASCREATEDSOMECHANGESINOTHERAREASANDITHASALSOENABLEDCOMPANIESTONEEDINTERNETBASEDMARKETINGACTIVITIESEREN2009ASARESULTOFINCREASINGPOPULARITYOFTHEINTERNET,ACROWD,WHICHISALSONAMEDAS“ELECTRONICCOMMUNITY”WASAPPEAREDMARKETERS,WHOTRYTOREACHCUSTOMERSINAFASTANDEFFECTIVEWAYWITHDIRECTMARKETINGMETHODANDALSOREDUCECUSTOMERREACHING–COSTS,AIMTOREACHELECTRONICCOMMUNITIESTHATHAVEBIGPOTENTIALSEREN,2009ACCORDINGTOCOMPANIES,THISCROWD,WHICHISALSONAMEDASELECTRONICCOMMUNITY,ISEVALUATEDASACUSTOMERBECAUSEOFTHIS,THEYTRYTOINTRODUCEANDMARKETTHEIRCOMPANIESVIADEVELOPEDWEBSITESONTHEOTHERHAND,THEYALSOKNOWTHATTHEMOSTIMPORTANTANDEFFECTIVEINTRODUCTIONANDMARKETINGWAYISTAKINGPARTONTOPLISTSOFSEARCHENGINESWHEREASINTERNETINCLUDESHUNDREDTHOUSANDSOFWEBPAGES,ITISBETTERTOUSESEARCHENGINESINORDERTOREACHWANTEDDATAORINFORMATIONACCORDINGTOCOMSCOREWORLDMETRIXEVALUATIONONAPRIL2009,TURKEYHAS7THBIGGESTINTERNETPOPULATIONINEUROPEANDFURTHERMORE,ITALSOHASUSERSWHOSPENDTHEMOSTTIMEONTHEINTERNETINEUROPEINTERNET1,2009ACCORDINGTOTHERESEARCHSTUDYONJULY2009,81PERCENTOFINTERNETUSERSENTERTOTHEINTERNETENVIRONMENTVIASEARCHENGINEWEBPAGESFORINSTANCE,80PERCENTOFPEOPLE,WHOWANTTOBUYCAR,SEARCHNURSELYAL??NTEL903124851124FAX903124853123EMAILADDRESSNYALCINGAZIEDUTRNURSELYAL?INANDUTKUK?SE/PROCEDIASOCIALANDBEHAVIORALSCIENCES92010487–493489FIGURE1SEARCHENGINEOPTIMIZATIONPROCESSSEARCHENGINESMUSTBETAKENINTOCONSIDERATIONWHILEDESIGNINGAWEBSITESOMEQUESTIONSTHATMUSTBEANSWEREDBEFORESTARTINGTOWEBSITEDESIGNINGARELISTEDASBELOWISTHEREANYVITALMETHODORAPPROACHUSEDONSEARCHENGINESTOTAKEUSERS’ATTENTIONTOTHERELATEDWEBSITEWHICHSEARCHENGINESISTHERELATEDWEBSITEWANTEDTOAPPEARONWHICHROWONTHERESULTSPAGEISSATISFACTORY?YILER,2009OPTIMIZATIONOFASEARCHENGINECANBEPERFORMEDINTWOSEPARATEGROUPSONEOFTHEMISINTERNALWEBSITEOPTIMIZATIONTHEOTHERONEISEXTERNALWEBSITEOPTIMIZATIONINTERNALWEBSITEOPTIMIZATIONINCLUDESWEBSITEDESIGN,METATAGS,KEYWORDSTHATARENECESSARYFORTHEWEBSITE,PAGENAMES,PICTURES,LINKS,CONTENTTEXTSINEACHPAGEANDSTYLESTHATUSEDFORTHERELATEDTEXTS,SITEMAP,RSSFEEDS,PAGESINDIFFERENTLANGUAGESETCONTHEOTHERHAND,EXTERNALWEBSITEOPTIMIZATIONINCLUDESADDINGWEBSITETOTHESITEGUIDE,USINGSOCIALMEDIAFACTORS,USINGLINKSFROMOTHEROPTIMIZEDWEBSITESTOTHERELATEDWEBPAGEETC31HOWSEARCHENGINEOPTIMIZATIONCANBEDONEFIRST,THEKEYWORDANALYSISMUSTBEDONEFORTHEWEBSITE,WHICHTHEOPTIMIZATIONOPERATIONWILLBEPERFORMEDFORKEYWORDANALYSISOFAWEBSITEMUSTBEDONEACCORDINGTOTHEFOLLOWINGRULESORTASKSASTRONGLIST,WHICHINCLUDESPOTENTIALKEYWORDS,MUSTBEFORMEDVIAKEYWORDANALYSISBYPERFORMINGSOMESEARCH,WEBSITESINTOP5LISTMUSTBEFOUNDOUTLINKSMUSTBECOUNTEDANDTHEIRTARGETKEYWORDSMUSTBEFOUNDWORDS,WHICHWERENOTTESTEDINTHEKEYWORDANALYSIS,MUSTBEFOUNDANDLISTEDSOMESITESTHATAREUSEDDURINGKEYWORDDEFININGANALYSISONTHEINTERNET,THEREARESOMEWEBSITESTHATSHOWSOMEINFORMATIONABOUTSEARCHINGWORDSUSEDINDIFFERENTSECTORSANDBUSINESSFIELDSSOMEOFTHEMARELISTEDASBELOWHTTP//SEARCHMARKETINGYAHOOCOM/RC/SRCH/HTTPS//ADWORDSGOOGLECOM/SELECT/KEYWORDTOOLEXTERNALHTTP//WWWWORDTRACKERCOMWITHPAYMENTHASDEMOUSAGEHTTP//WWWGOODKEYWORDSCOMWITHPAYMENTHASDEMOUSAGEHTTP//WWWCLICKTRACKSCOM/ENTRYPOINTPHPA46673WITHPAYMENTHASDEMOUSAGEHTTP//WWWWEBTRENDSCOM/HTTP//WWWSEOCHATCOMHTTP//WWWKEYWORDDENSITYCOMHTTP//WWWWEBJECTIVESCOM/KEYWORDHTMHTTP//WWWGOOGLECOM/TRENDSBYUSINGOBTAINEDDATAFROMTHESEWEBSITES,ITISPOSSIBLETOKNOWCOMPETITIVEPOWERANDDENSITYOFAKEYWORD

簡介：ABSTRACTWIRELESSLYENABLINGMEDICALDEVICESSUCHASVITALSIGNSMONITORS,VENTILATORSANDINFUSIONPUMPSALLOWSCENTRALDATACOLLECTIONTHISPAPERDISCUSSESHOWDATAFROMTHESETYPESOFDEVICESCANBEINTEGRATEDINTOHOSPITALSYSTEMSUSINGWIRELESSSENSORNETWORKINGTECHNOLOGYBYINTEGRATINGDEVICESYOUAREPROTECTINGINVESTMENTANDOPENINGUPTHEPOSSIBILITYOFNETWORKINGWITHSIMILARDEVICESINTHISCONTEXTWEPRESENTHOWZIGBEEMEETSOURREQUIREMENTSFORBANDWIDTH,POWER,SECURITYANDMOBILITYWEHAVEEXAMINEDTHEDATATHROUGHPUTSFORVARIOUSMEDICALDEVICES,THEREQUIREMENTOFDATAFREQUENCY,SECURITYOFPATIENTDATAANDTHELOGISTICSOFMOVINGPATIENTSWHILECONNECTEDTODEVICESTHEPAPERDESCRIBESANEWTESTEDARCHITECTURETHATALLOWSTHISDATATOBESEAMLESSLYINTEGRATEDINTOAUSERINTERFACEORHEALTHCAREINFORMATIONSYSTEMHISTHEDESIGNSUPPORTSTHEDYNAMICADDITIONOFNEWMEDICALDEVICESTOTHESYSTEMTHATWEREPREVIOUSLYUNSUPPORTEDBYTHESYSTEMTOACHIEVETHIS,THEHARDWAREDESIGNISKEPTGENERICANDTHESOFTWAREINTERFACEFORDIFFERENTTYPESOFMEDICALDEVICESISWELLDEFINEDTHESEDEVICESCANALSOSHARETHEWIRELESSRESOURCESWITHOTHERTYPESOFSENSORSBEINGDEVELOPEDINCONJUNCTIONONTHISPROJECTSUCHASWIRELESSECGELECTROCARDIOGRAMANDPULSEOXIMETRYSENSORSKEYWORDSBIOMEDICALTELEMETRY,MEDICALDEVICES,BIOINFORMATICS,WIRELESSSENSORNETWORKS,HEALTHCAREINFORMATIONSYSTEMSIINTRODUCTIONANYDEVICESTHATEXISTTODAYBYTHEBEDSIDEINTHEHOSPITALWARD,INTENSIVECAREUNITOROTHERCLINICALSETTINGHAVEDATAOUTPUTFEATURESOVERSERIALPORTSANDOTHERTYPESOFINTERFACESSUCHASUSBTHESEDEVICESAREUSUALLYCONSIDEREDASIGNIFICANTINVESTMENTANDAREUSUALLYPURCHASEDINANADHOCFASHIONASREQUIREDWHENFINANCEBECOMESAVAILABLETHECONSEQUENCEOFTHISISTHATDEVICESAREOFTENFROMDIFFERENTMANUFACTURERSTHATDON’TSUPPORTANYSTANDARDPROTOCOLTHISCANMAKEINTEGRATINGTHESEDEVICESINTOASINGLENETWORKDIFFICULTINTHEHOSPITALWARDVITALSIGNSMONITORS,VENTILATORSANDINFUSIONPUMPSOFMANYDIFFERENTBRANDSAREUSUALLYPORTABLEANDWHEELEDFROMPATIENTTOPATIENTASREQUIREDBYNETWORKINGTHESEDEVICESTHEHOSPITALGAINSALLTHEADVANTAGESASSOCIATEDWITHSTORINGPATIENTDATACENTRALLYINELECTRONICRECORDSBYMAKINGTHEDEVICEPARTOFAWIRELESSSENSORNETWORKSUCHASAZIGBEE1NETWORKTHEREARESEVERALMORETHISWORKISSUPPORTEDBYENTERPRISEIRELANDPAULFREHILLISWITHTHEDEPARTMENTOFIT,NATIONALUNIVERSITYOFIRELANDGALWAY,IRELANDPHONE35391492040EMAILPFREHILL1NUIGALWAYIEDESCHAMBERSISWITHTHEDEPARTMENTOFIT,NATIONALUNIVERSITYOFIRELANDGALWAY,IRELANDEMAILDESCHAMBERSNUIGALWAYIEADVANTAGESINCLUDING,CABLEREPLACEMENT,MOBILITYANDLOCATIONMANAGEMENTONCETHESEDEVICESARENETWORKEDTHEYCANALSOUSETHEINFRASTRUCTUREOFOTHERDEPLOYMENTSOFSIMILARWIRELESSSENSORNETWORKSINTHESURROUNDINGENVIRONMENTTOACHIEVETHISTYPEOFSOLUTIONEACHDEVICEMUSTBEFITTEDWITHAPIECEOFHARDWARETHATWILLACTASASERIALTOWIRELESSBRIDGE,AMEDICALDEVICEINTERFACEMDITHISMDIWILLALLOWTHEDEVICETORECEIVEANDTRANSMITDATAWITHINTHEWIRELESSSENSORNETWORKTHISINEXPENSIVEHARDWAREWILLBEGENERICTOFITAWIDERANGEOFMEDICALDEVICESSIMILARLYTHEFIRMWARECANBEKEPTGENERICANDANYSPECIFICDEVICECOMMUNICATIONPROTOCOLSCANBEIMPLEMENTEDONASERVERONTHENETWORKBACKENDTHEWORKDESCRIBEDINTHISPAPERISPARTOFALARGERPROJECT,THEGOALOFWHICHISTOPROVIDEACOMPLETEPATIENTMONITORINGSYSTEMOTHERFEATURESOFTHEOVERALLSYSTEMWILLBETOPROVIDEECGELECTROCARDIOGRAMANDPULSEOXIMETRYDATAINANOVELWAYOVERAWIRELESSSENSORNETWORKUSINGEXPERTISEGAINEDONPRIORPROJECTS2IIRELATEDWORKTHECONCEPTOFUSINGWIRELESSSENSORNETWORKSFORMEDICALCAREANDWIRELESSPATIENTMONITORINGHASBEENEXPLOREDBYOTHERSBUTINTEGRATINGDATAFROMOTHERDEVICESISGENERALLYNOTDISCUSSEDTHEREISONGOINGRELATEDWORKINPATIENTMONITORINGUSINGWIRELESSSENSORSSUCHASTHE“CODEBLUE”PROJECTATHARVARD3OTHERSHAVEALSOPROVENSUCCESSFULWITHWIRELESSSENSORNETWORKSDESIGNSFORMEDICALSENSORS4ANDINTHEMANAGEMENTOFSENSORDATA5ITHASBEENIDENTIFIEDTHATITISDESIRABLETOWIRELESSLYENABLEEXISTINGMEDICALDEVICESTHATPROVIDEVITALSIGNSDATAUSINGTECHNOLOGIESSUCHASZIGBEE6,7THERESEARCHDESCRIBEDINTHISPAPERASPIRESTOMEETTHESEREQUIREMENTSTHEUSEOFWIRELESSSENSORNETWORKSWITHINTHEHOSPITALHASBEENEXTENSIVELYEXAMINEDMOREOVER,OTHERWIRELESSTECHNOLOGIESWITHINTHESAMEFREQUENCYBAND,SUCHASIEEE802118,HAVEEXISTEDWITHINTHEHOSPITALFORSOMETIME9IIIREQUIREMENTSANALYSISAWIRELESSTECHNOLOGIESESTABLISHEDSTANDARDSFORWIRELESSAPPLICATIONS,SUCHASBLUETOOTH10ANDIEEE80211,ALLOWHIGHTRANSMISSIONRATES,BUTATTHEEXPENSEOFPOWERCONSUMPTION,APPLICATIONCOMPLEXITY,ANDCOSTZIGBEEOFFERSLOWCOST,LOWPOWERDEVICESTHATCANCOMMUNICATEWITHEACHOTHERANDTHEOUTSIDECOSMINROTARIUISWITHTHEDEPARTMENTOFIT,NATIONALUNIVERSITYOFIRELANDGALWAY,IRELANDEMAILCROTARIUVEGAITNUIGALWAYIEUSINGZIGBEETOINTEGRATEMEDICALDEVICESPAULFREHILL,DESMONDCHAMBERS,COSMINROTARIUMPROCEEDINGSOFTHE29THANNUALINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEOFTHEIEEEEMBSCITéINTERNATIONALE,LYON,FRANCEAUGUST2326,2007SUB1141424407885/07/2000?2007IEEE6717FIGURE2MDIBLOCKDIAGRAMWHENTHEMDIISPOWEREDON,THEZIGBEESTACKWILLAUTOMATICALLYJOINAZIGBEENETWORKWITHINRANGENEXTTHEMDIWILLANNOUNCEANIDWHICHISALSOVISIBLEONTHEEXTERNALSURFACEOFTHEDEVICETHISISDONEUSINGAPROTOCOLWEDESIGNEDFORTHISPROJECTTHEPROTOCOLSUPPORTSTHESETYPESOFSTATUSMESSAGESINADDITIONTOSUPPORTINGTHEACTUALREALDATAWEAREINTERESTEDINATTHISPOINTITISPOSSIBLETOMAKEANASSOCIATIONWITHTHEMDITOACHIEVETHIS,THEADMINISTRATORSELECTSTHEIDFROMANAUTOMATICALLYGENERATEDLISTONSCREEN,APATIENTDEMOGRAPHICANDATYPEOFMEDICALDEVICEWHICHISSUPPORTEDINTHESYSTEMTHISPROCESSRESULTSINTHESERVERSENDINGTHECORRECTRS232SETTINGSTOTHEMDIFORTHEMEDICALDEVICETHATITISCONNECTEDTONOWTHATTHESYSTEMCANCOMMUNICATEDIRECTLYWITHTHEMEDICALDEVICETHESERVERWILLSENDANYNECESSARYCOMMANDSTOINITIATEADATASTREAMFROMTHEDEVICECSERVERFUNCTIONALITYTHESERVERISRESPONSIBLEFORDECODINGSPECIFICMEDICALDEVICEDATATHISFUNCTIONALITYISIMPLEMENTEDINADLLDYNAMICLINKLIBRARYTHATISRUNONTHESERVERTHEREISONEDLLFOREACHTYPEOFMEDICALDEVICETHESYSTEMSUPPORTSWHICHALLOWSFORFUTUREMEDICALDEVICESTOBESUPPORTEDWITHOUTUPGRADINGTHESERVERSOFTWAREANYFUTUREDEVICECANEASILYBESUPPORTEDWITHINTHEDLLFRAMEWORKBYSIMPLYINHERITINGFROMTHEAPPROPRIATECLASSFORTHATPARTICULARTYPEOFDEVICETHESEDLLSARELOADEDATRUNTIMEANDHAVEASTANDARDINTERFACETHATEACHDESIGNERMUSTADHERETOINORDERTOINTEROPERATEWITHTHESYSTEMADESIGNERMUSTALSOCOMPLETEANXMLFILEFROMATEMPLATETOINDICATEWHICHFEATURESTHENEWMEDICALDEVICESUPPORTSTHEDLLONLYHANDLESDEVICESPECIFICINFORMATIONTHEMAINSERVERAPPLICATIONDECODESTHISINFORMATIONFROMOURPROJECTPROTOCOLFIGURE3NEWDATAREQUESTWHENTHEDLLISLOADEDBYTHESERVERAPPLICATIONITWILLRECEIVEAVALUETOREPRESENTHOWFREQUENTLYTHESERVERWANTSGUIDATATHISVALUEISUSEDTOCREATETHEINTERVALTIMERREPRESENTEDINTHEABOVEUMLDIAGRAMWHENTHISTIMEREXPIRESTHEDLLWILLCHECKTHECURRENTSTATEITHASFORTHEVENTILATORFIG3ABOVESHOWSANACTIVITYDIAGRAMREPRESENTINGASEQUENCEOFEVENTSSURROUNDINGTHISTIMEREXPIRATIONINADLLFORAVENTILATORWHENTHETIMEREXPIRESTHEDLLRETRIEVESTHECOMMANDINTHEFORMOFABYTEARRAYOFASCIICHARACTERSNEXTTHEDLLRAISESANEVENTCONTAININGTHEBYTEARRAYTHESERVERAPPLICATIONACCEPTSTHISEVENTTHROUGHITSEVENTHANDLER,ENCODESITINOURPROTOCOLANDSENDSITTOTHEMEDICALDEVICEFIGURE4HANDLINGNEWDATAWHENTHEMEDICALDEVICERETURNSARESPONSETOTHESERVERAPPLICATIONTHISDATAISPASSEDTOTHEDLLASSHOWNINFIG4ABOVEIFTHEDLLDOESNOTRECEIVEANYDATAWITHINASPECIFIEDTIMEOUTPERIODTHEDLLWILLREINITIATECOMMUNICATIONWITHTHEMEDICALDEVICEDATATHATISRECEIVEDBYTHEDLLISCHECKEDTOSEEIFITISCONSISTENTWITHTHEFORMATEXPECTEDANDTHATTHECHECKSUMISVALIDIFAPPLICABLEONCETHEDATAISPROVENTOBEVALID,AGENERICDATASTRUCTURETHATISSHAREDBETWEENTHESERVERAPPLICATIONANDCLIENTSISPOPULATEDFINALLYTHEDLLWILLRAISEANOTHEREVENT,THISTIMETOINDICATETHATGUIDATAISAVAILABLETHESERVERTHENMULTICASTSTHENEWDATATOANYCLIENTTHATISSUBSCRIBEDTOTHATADDRESSTHESERVERCOULDBEEXTENDEDTOINTEGRATEWITHEXISTING6719

簡介：大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（英文翻譯）原文題目原文題目AUTOMATICPANORAMICIMAGESTITCHINGUSINGINVARIANTFEATURES譯文題目譯文題目使用不變特征的全景圖像自動(dòng)拼接學(xué)院院電子與信息工程學(xué)院專業(yè)姓名名學(xué)號號本文其余部分的結(jié)構(gòu)如下。第二部分說明所研究問題的幾何學(xué)和我們選擇不變特征的原因。第三部分介紹了圖像匹配方法（RANSAC）和驗(yàn)證圖像匹配的概率模型。第四部分中，我們描述了圖像對準(zhǔn)算法（捆綁調(diào)整），即共同優(yōu)化每個(gè)攝像頭的參數(shù)。五到七部分描述了處理過程，包括自動(dòng)校直、增益補(bǔ)償和多波段融合。第九部分中，我們給出了結(jié)論和對未來工作的展望。2特征匹配特征匹配全景識別算法的第一步是在所有圖像之間提取和匹配SIFT特征檢測點(diǎn)。SIFT特征檢測子位于不同尺度空間高斯插值函數(shù)的極值點(diǎn)處，對每一個(gè)特征點(diǎn)，特征尺度和方向被確定，這為測量提供了一個(gè)相似不變的結(jié)構(gòu)。盡管在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中簡單的采樣強(qiáng)度值是相似不變的，但是不變描述子實(shí)際上是通過對方向直方圖的局部梯度值進(jìn)行累積計(jì)算得到的，這樣就允許邊緣有輕微的移動(dòng)而不會(huì)改變描述子的矢量，對仿射變換提供了一定的魯棒性?？臻g累積計(jì)算對平移不變性同樣重要，因?yàn)楦信d趣點(diǎn)位置通常僅在03個(gè)像素的范圍內(nèi)是精確的。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)亮度不變性可以使用梯度（消除偏差）和對描述子矢量歸一化（消除增益）。由于SIFT特征在旋轉(zhuǎn)和尺度變化時(shí)是不變的，我們可以處理具有變化的方向和大小的圖像（見圖8）。值得注意的是，這是傳統(tǒng)的特征匹配技術(shù)不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的，例如HARRIS角點(diǎn)圖像修補(bǔ)的相關(guān)性。傳統(tǒng)的相關(guān)性在圖像旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)是變化的，HARRIS角點(diǎn)在改變圖像尺度時(shí)也是變化的。假設(shè)相機(jī)繞光學(xué)中心旋轉(zhuǎn)，圖像的變換群是一個(gè)對應(yīng)矩陣的特殊群。由一個(gè)旋轉(zhuǎn)矢量和焦距將每個(gè)攝像頭參數(shù)化，就給出了成對的對應(yīng)矩陣??321????，，?F，其中JIJIUHU?（1）1??JTJIIIJKRRKH并且是均勻的圖像坐標(biāo)（，其中是二維的圖像坐標(biāo)）。4參數(shù)的相機(jī)JIUU,??1,IIIUSU?IU模型定義為（2）???????????1000000IIIFFK對旋轉(zhuǎn)使用指數(shù)表示（3）??,??IERI??????????????????000121323IIIIIII???????在這個(gè)變換群中，理想條件下將會(huì)使用不變的圖像特征。可是，在圖像坐標(biāo)中對于小的變換表示如下

簡介：新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯題目RESTORATIONOFBLURREDIMAGESUSINGBLINDDECONVOLUTIONALGORTITHM姓名學(xué)院專業(yè)班級學(xué)號指導(dǎo)教師職稱新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)教務(wù)處制2LOWPASSFILTERISUSEDTOBLUR/SMOOTHTHEIMAGEUSINGCERTAINFUNCTIONSIMAGERESTORATIONISTOIMPROVETHEQUALITYOFTHEDEGRADEDIMAGEITISUSEDTORECOVERANIMAGEFROMDISTORTIONSTOITSORIGINALIMAGEITISANOBJECTIVEPROCESSWHICHREMOVESTHEEFFECTSOFSENSINGENVIRONMENTITISTHEPROCESSOFRECOVERINGTHEORIGINALSCENEIMAGEFROMADEGRADEDOROBSERVEDIMAGEUSINGKNOWLEDGEABOUTITSNATURETHEREARETWOBROADCATEGORIESOFIMAGERESTORATIONCONCEPTSUCHASIMAGEDECONVOLUTIONANDBLINDIMAGEDECONVOLUTIONIMAGEDECONVOLUTIONISALINEARIMAGERESTORATIONPROBLEMWHERETHEPARAMETERSOFTHETRUEIMAGEAREESTIMATEDUSINGTHEOBSERVEDORDEGRADEDIMAGEANDAKNOWNPSFPOINTSPREADFUNCTIONBLINDIMAGEDECONVOLUTIONISAMOREDIFFICULTIMAGERESTORATIONWHEREIMAGERECOVERYISPERFORMEDWITHLITTLEORNOPRIORKNOWLEDGEOFTHEDEGRADINGPSFTHEADVANTAGESOFDECONVOLUTIONAREHIGHERRESOLUTIONANDBETTERQUALITYTHISPAPERISSTRUCTUREDASFOLLOWSSECTION2DESCRIBESTHEDEGRADATIONMODELFORBLURRINGANIMAGESECTION3REPRESENTSCANNYEDGEDETECTIONSECTION4DESCRIBESTHEDEBLURRINGALGORITHMANDOVERALLARCHITECTUREOFTHISPAPERSECTION5DESCRIBESTHESAMPLERESULTSFORDEBLURREDIMAGESUSINGOURPROPOSEDALGORITHMSECTION6DESCRIBESTHECONCLUSION,COMPARISONANDFUTUREWORK2DEGRADATIONMODELINDEGRADATIONMODEL,THEIMAGEISBLURREDUSINGFILTERSANDADDITIVENOISEIMAGECANBEDEGRADEDUSINGGAUSSIANFILTERANDGAUSSIANNOISEGAUSSIANFILTERREPRESENTSTHEPSFWHICHISABLURRINGFUNCTIONTHEDEGRADEDIMAGECANBEDESCRIBEDBYTHEFOLLOWINGEQUATION1（EQUATIONGHFN??1）INEQUATION1,GISDEGRADED/BLURREDIMAGE,HISSPACEINVARIANTFUNCTIONIEBLURRINGFUNCTION3,FISANORIGINALIMAGE,ANDNISADDITIVENOISETHEFOLLOWINGFIG1REPRESENTSTHESTRUCTUREOFDEGRADATIONMODEL

簡介：中文2748字出處LIUXY,SPECHTETEMPERATUREDISTRIBUTIONWITHINTHEMOVINGBEDOFROTARYKILNSMEASUREMENTANDANALYSISJCHEMICALENGINEERINGANDPROCESSINGPROCESSINTENSIFICATION,2010,492147150本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯譯文題目（中文）回轉(zhuǎn)窯內(nèi)移動(dòng)床溫度分布的測量和分析回轉(zhuǎn)窯內(nèi)移動(dòng)床溫度分布的測量和分析學(xué)院材料與冶金學(xué)院專業(yè)熱能與動(dòng)力工程學(xué)號學(xué)生姓名學(xué)生姓名指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)教師日期2013年3月21日2電偶和擺錘被路由到發(fā)射器，然后通過無線電發(fā)送到接收器。測量值自動(dòng)保存到計(jì)算機(jī)并在屏幕上時(shí)顯示。圖1（A）測量插座的試點(diǎn)回轉(zhuǎn)窯。（B）測量插座2內(nèi)的熱電偶2222實(shí)驗(yàn)細(xì)節(jié)實(shí)驗(yàn)細(xì)節(jié)為了快速響應(yīng)監(jiān)測溫度的瞬時(shí)變化，選用熱電偶（鎳鉻鎳，K型，直徑為03MM）。試驗(yàn)中90的溫度突然變化熱電偶響應(yīng)的時(shí)間約為2秒。在這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中用到了20個(gè)熱電偶，熱電偶的具體位置總結(jié)在表1中測量溫度的熱電偶與料床（床表面與窯軸的距離45MM）的徑向距離R120MM/105MM/85MM/65MM，熱電偶都埋在R125MM的內(nèi)壁測量溫度。使用屏蔽熱電偶插入窯的截面（R0MM）測量中間氣體溫度。為了獲得料床內(nèi)溫度分布的更多信息，在插座2、3處R0MM的熱電偶被拋棄。盡管如此，氣體溫度近似于其他熱電偶（R120MM/105MM/85MM/65MM）測量的，由于材料床和氣相的換熱。干燥和惰性砂作為測試材料（堆積密度1370KG/M3，平均粒徑035MM，動(dòng)

簡介：中文中文3023字出處出處GENERALINFORMATION,2000,VOLUME47213313625原文ANTICORRUPTIONPOLICIESANDPROGRAMSAUTHORJEFFHUTHER,ANWARSHAHTHEEXECUTIVEBOARDOFTHEWORLDBANKAPPROVEDITSANTICORRUPTIONSTRATEGYINSEPTEMBER1997THESTRATEGYDEFINEDCORRUPTIONASTHE“USEOFPUBLICOFFICEFORPRIVATEGAIN“ANDCALLEDFORTHEBANKTOADDRESSCORRUPTIONALONGFOURDIMENSIONS1PREVENTINGFRAUDANDCORRUPTIONINBANKPROJECTS2HELPINGCOUNTRIESTHATREQUESTBANKASSISTANCEFORCORRUPTION3MAINSTREAMINGACONCERNFORCORRUPTIONINBANKSWORK4LENDINGACTIVESUPPORTTOINTERNATIONALEFFORTSTOADDRESSCORRUPTIONFOLLOWINGTHEADOPTIONOFTHISSTRATEGY,CONCRETESTEPSTOPREVENTFRAUDANDCORRUPTIONINBANKPROJECTSHAVEINCLUDEDTHEINTRODUCTIONOFACONFIDENTIALHOTLINE,TIGHTENINGOFPROCUREMENTGUIDELINES,INTENSIVEAUDITSOFPROJECTS,ANDSUPPORTFORIMPROVINGPROCUREMENTSYSTEMSINCLIENTCOUNTRIESMAINSTREAMINGACONCERNFORCORRUPTIONHASTAKENPLACETHROUGHTHEBANKSECONOMICANDSECTORWORKWHICHPROVIDESTHEANALYTICBASISFORCOUNTRYASSISTANCESTRATEGYDOCUMENTSWHICH,INTURN,UNDERLIETHEBANKSLENDINGPROGRAMSOFTHEANALYTICALTOOLSUSEDINECONOMICANDSECTORWORK,INSTITUTIONALREVIEWS,COUNTRYFINANCIALACCOUNTABILITYASSESSMENTSANDPUBLICEXPENDITUREREVIEWSOFFERSUBSTANTIALSCOPEFORADDRESSINGTHEGOVERNANCEFAILURESTHATPERMITWIDESPREADCORRUPTION,COUNTRYPROCUREMENTASSESSMENTREPORTSIDENTIFYSOURCESOFCORRUPTIONINPROCUREMENTANDRECOMMENDREMEDIES,COUNTRYECONOMICMEMORANDACANBEUSEDFORRELATIVELYQUICKASSESSMENTSOFCORRUPTIONSOURCES,ANDCOUNTRYASSISTANCEEVALUATIONSMAYHIGHLIGHTAREASWHERECORRUPTIONCONCERNSAREUNDERMININGBANKWORKINADDITIONTOECONOMICANDSECTORWORK,ALLCOUNTRYASSISTANCESTRATEGYDOCUMENTSARENOWREQUIREDTODIAGNOSETHESTATEOFGOVERNANCEANDTHERISKSTHATCORRUPTIONPOSESTOBANKPROJECTSTHECOMPREHENSIVEDEVELOPMENTFRAMEWORKUNVEILEDIN1999UNDERSCORESTHEIMPORTANCEOFGOVERNANCEANDPUBLICSECTORINSTITUTIONALREFORMISSUESINTHEBANKSDEVELOPMENTASSISTANCEDIALOGUETHEWORLDBANKINSTITUTEHASINITIATEDCOURSESONCORRUPTIONFORDEVELOPINGCOUNTRYOFFICIALSANDCONDUCTEDSURVEYSONSERVICEDELIVERYTHEBANKHASALSOPUTAGREATEREMPHASISONINSTITUTIONALREFORMANDCAPACITYBUILDINGTHROUGHITSLENDINGPROGRAMBANKASSISTANCEFORINTERNATIONALEFFORTSTOCURTAILCORRUPTIONHASBEENMAINLYINTHEFORMOFSPONSORSHIPOFMAJORCONFERENCES,DISSEMINATIONNOTESANDSUPPORTFORTHEADOPTIONOFTHE1999OECDCONVENTIONONCOMBATINGBRIBERYOFFOREIGNPUBLICOFFICIALSININTERNATIONALBUSINESSTRANSACTIONSTHEIMPACTOFCORRUPTIONONPUBLICSERVICEDELIVERYPERFORMANCEANDPOVERTYALLEVIATIONISWIDELYRECOGNIZEDAWIDECONSENSUSHASALSORECENTLYEMERGEDTHATCORRUPTIONISASYMPTOMOFFAILEDGOVERNANCESEEWORLDBANK2000ANDHENCECURTAILINGSOMETIMESCORRUPTINTERESTSSOBUSINESSESOPERATINGINACOMPETITIVEENVIRONMENT,FREEOFSTATEFINANCING,ANDWITHADEQUATEGOVERNANCESAFEGUARDSMAYORMAYNOTEMERGEFROMPRIVATIZATIONINCREASINGTHEPROBABILITYOFPAYINGPENALTIESINCREASINGTHEPROBABILITYOFPENALTIESISATHREESTEPPROCESSDETECTION,PROSECUTION,ANDEXACTINGTHEPENALTYINCASESWHERECORRUPTIONISEXTORTIONFORJOBSTHATSHOULDBEDONEASAMATTEROFPUBLICSERVICE,IMPROVEDDETECTIONISSTRAIGHTFORWARDINCREASECITIZENPARTICIPATIONINTHEELECTORALPROCESS,ESTABLISHCITIZENSCHARTERSSPECIFYINGEXPECTEDSERVICESTANDARDS,ALLOWMEDIAINDEPENDENCE,MAKEINTERACTIONSBETWEENTHEPUBLICANDPRIVATESECTORSMORETRANSPARENT,ANDSTRENGTHENTHERULEOFLAWSOTHATBOTHINDIVIDUALSANDTHEMEDIADONOTFEARREPRISALSINCREASINGTHEMAGNITUDEOFPENALTIESTHEREARECORRUPTSOCIETIESWHICHHAVESTIFFPENALTIESFORCORRUPTION,SUGGESTINGTHEMAGNITUDEOFPENALTIESMAYNOTBEASTRONGDETERRENTTOCORRUPTIONINGENERAL,PEOPLEMAYNOTRESPONDMUCHDIFFERENTLYTO,SAY,ANINCREASEINPENALTIESFROMFIVETOTENYEARSINPRISON,ASMALAYSIADIDIN1997WITHNODISCERNIBLECHANGEINPERCEPTIONSOFCORRUPTIONASMEASUREDBYTRANSPARENCYINTERNATIONALINSOMECOUNTRIES,HOWEVER,THELEGISLATIONSETTINGPENALTIESMAYBEAMBIGUOUSORPENALTIESMAYBESETATTHEDISCRETIONOFJUDGESINEITHERCASE,ACOUNTRYMAYDISCOURAGECORRUPTIONBYCLARIFYINGCORRUPTIONPENALTIESWHILETHEBANKMAYPROVIDEASSISTANCEINCLARIFYINGLEGISLATION,SETTINGCRIMINALPENALTIESISOUTSIDETHESCOPEOFITSWORKINCASESWHERECORRUPTIONISINTHEFORMOFBRIBESTOALTERTHENORMALCOURSEOFGOVERNMENT,INCREASEDTRANSPARENCYOFGOVERNMENTOPERATIONSREDUCESTHEOPPORTUNITYFORUNDETECTEDCORRUPTIONEGCLEARLYDEFINEDBIDDINGPROCESSES,OPENJUDICIALPROCEEDINGS,STRICTRULESONGIFTGIVINGANDINCREASINGTHENUMBEROFCOMPETITORSREDUCESTHEPOTENTIALGAINSWHILEINCREASINGSCRUTINYOFBIDDINGPROCESSESPROSECUTIONREQUIRESJUDICIALINDEPENDENCEANDTRANSPARENCYFORTHEJUDICIALSYSTEMTOEXACTPENALTIES,ITMUSTHAVESUFFICIENTRESOURCESANDINDEPENDENCETOTHEEXTENTTHATPENALTIESAREREPUTATIONAL,MEDIAINDEPENDENCEISACRUCIALELEMENTTODETERRENCEWHILEAMORECOMPLETETREATMENTWOULDINCLUDETHEINCENTIVESOFPRIVATESECTORAGENTSWHOINTERACTWITHPUBLICOFFICIALS,POLICIESAFFECTINGPRIVATESECTORINCENTIVESARELARGELYOUTSIDETHESCOPEOFBANKWORKPOLICIESWHICHINCREASETHEMAGNITUDEOFPENALTIESORTHEEXPECTEDPROBABILITYOFPAYINGPENALTIES,HOWEVER,ARELIKELYTOHAVESIMILAREFFECTSONTHEPRIVATESECTORASTHEYDOONTHEPUBLICSECTORTHEFOCUSONPUBLICOFFICIALSEXCLUDESCONSIDERATIONOFPOLICIES,TYPICALLYINCOUNTRIESWITHLOWLEVELSOFCORRUPTION,THATPENALIZEPRIVATESECTOREFFORTSTOPARTICIPATEINCORRUPTIONINOTHERCOUNTRIESTHESEPOLICIESAREPOTENTIALLYRELEVANTTOANTICORRUPTIONEFFORTS,BUTAREOUTSIDETHESCOPEOFOURFRAMEWORKANDMOSTBANKWORKINTERMSOFDOMESTICPOLICIES,WEBELIEVETHATTHEFOCUSONPUBLICOFFICIALSISAPPROPRIATEEVENIFWELLDESIGNEDPOLICIESMAYREDUCETHEINCENTIVESOFTHEPRIVATESECTORTOENGAGEINCORRUPTIONTHEARGUMENTISTHATAGOVERUNENTWHICHCANNOTINFLUENCETHEINCENTIVESOFITSOWNOFFICIALSISUNLIKELYTOBEABLETOREDUCEPRIVATESECTORINCENTIVESTOENGAGEINCORRUPTIONINTHEFORMULATIONABOVE,ANOFFICIALSINCOMEDOESNOTHAVEANEFFECTONWHETHERORNOTTOENGAGEINCORRUPTACTIVITIESTWOCONCERNSHAVEBEENRAISEDWITHTHISAPPROACHONEISTHATOFFICIALSPAIDLESSTHANSUBSISTENCEINCOMEAREFORCEDTOUNDERTAKECORRUPTACTIVITIESTOSURVIVE,THESECONDISTHAT,ATSOMEHIGHLEVELOFINCOME,OFFICIALSSHOULDBEUNWILLINGTORISK

簡介：GUOETAL/JZHEJIANGUNIVSCIAAPPLPHYSGEJIAN1ZJUEDUCNRECEIVEDMAY26,2010REVISIONACCEPTEDJULY9,2010CROSSCHECKEDAUG11,2010ABSTRACTLANDSCAPEDESIGNFORAGREENCOMMUNITYSHOULDBEFAVORABLEFORTHEAMBIENTECOLOGICALENVIRONMENTANDFORENHANCEMENTOFBOTHTHELOCALCLIMATEOFARESIDENTIALAREAANDTHEENVIRONMENTALQUALITYOFLIFETHISPAPERPRESENTSOPTIMIZATIONMETHODSFORPLANTLANDSCAPEDESIGNTHATTAKEACCOUNTOFRESULTSOFCOMPARISONSOFNOISEREDUCTIONEFFECTS,HEATISLANDTEMPERATUREDECREASESANDEFFECTSONVENTILATIONTHESEMETHODSAREBASEDONDIFFERENTPLANTCONFIGURATIONSANDVARIOUSLUMINOUSENVIRONMENTS,SUCHASEXTERIORSUNSHINEANDSHADEDAREASAFTERTHESIMULATIONOFEXTERIORLUMINOUS,ACOUSTICANDTHERMALENVIRONMENTSOFARESIDENTIALAREAUSINGTHEANALYTICSOFTWAREECOTECT,CADNA/A,ANDPHEONICSTHREEDIFFERENTTYPESOFRESIDENTIALBUILDINGSARESIMULATEDINCLUDINGAFACULTYAPARTMENTINTHEXIXICAMPUSOFZHEJIANGUNIVERSITY,THEHUAQINGVILLAANDTHEGANGWANJIAYUANFACULTYAPARTMENTOFZHEJIANGUNIVERSITY,CHINA,BASEDONGREENBUILDINGDESIGNTHEORYINADDITION,THEMETHODSANDPROCESSFLOWOFLANDSCAPEDESIGNOFGREENRESIDENTIALAREASAREALSODESCRIBEDFORTHEIMPROVEMENTOFTHEEXTERIORPHYSICALLIVINGENVIRONMENTKEYWORDSLANDSCAPEDESIGN,GREENCOMMUNITY,GREENBUILDING,EXTERIORPHYSICALENVIRONMENTDOI101631/JZUSA1000241DOCUMENTCODEACLCNUMBERTU0231INTRODUCTIONANALYSISOFDATAFROMCLIMATEMONITORINGOVERTHEPAST100YEARSSHOWSTHATHUMANACTIVITIESARELARGELYRESPONSIBLEFORCLIMATECHANGEBEFORETHEINDUSTRIALREVOLUTION,THEATMOSPHERICCONCENTRATIONOFCO2WAS280010?6,WHILEBY2007ITHADRISENTO383110?6THEAVERAGEGLOBALTEMPERATUREHASINCREASEDBY074°COVERTHESAMEPERIODWANGETAL,2010FIFTYPERCENTOFGLOBALENERGYISCONSUMEDINBUILDINGCONSTRUCTIONANDOPERATIONOFWHICH34ISASSOCIATEDWITHCONSTRUCTIONWUANDYUAN,2010THEENVIRONMENTALLYHARMFULPRACTICESOFHUMANCENTRISMNEEDTOBERESTRAINEDTOCREATEAMORENATURALECOLOGICALENVIRONMENTFROMTHE1970S,WESTERNCOUNTRIESSETABOUTRESTRAININGENERGYCONSUMPTIONXUE,2010AFTER40YEARSOFPRACTICEWITHBUILDINGCOMFORTIMPROVING,INDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIES,NEWBUILDINGENERGYCONSUMPTIONPERUNITAREAHASBEENREDUCEDTO1/3–1/5OFTHAT30YEARSAGOQIU,2008HIGHENERGYCONSUMINGBUILDINGSACCOUNTFOR98OFMORETHAN41010M2OFURBANBUILDINGSINCHINAWANG,2010BIN2009,THECHINESEGOVERNMENTPROMULGATEDANEWPOLICYONTHEPOSITIVERESOLUTIONOFCLIMATECHANGETHATVIGOROUSLYADVOCATEDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFGREENBUILDINGSWANG,2010AINVIEWOFTHERELATIVELYINADEQUATERESOURCESPERCAPITAANDWEAKFOUNDATIONSOFTHEECOLOGICALENVIRONMENT,THEPROMOTIONANDIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHECONCEPTIONOFSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTAREOFGREATURGENCYINCHINATHEBUILDINGINDUSTRY,WHICHCONSUMESAGREATDEALOFENERGYANDRESOURCES,MUSTJOURNALOFZHEJIANGUNIVERSITYSCIENCEAAPPLIEDPHYSICSISSN18621775ONLINEWWWZJUEDUCN/JZUSWWWSPRINGERLINKCOMEMAILJZUSZJUEDUCN?CORRESPONDINGAUTHORPROJECTNOR1080363SUPPORTEDBYTHEZHEJIANGPROVINCIALNATURALSCIENCEFOUNDATIONOFCHINA?ZHEJIANGUNIVERSITYANDSPRINGERVERLAGBERLINHEIDELBERG2010GUOETAL/JZHEJIANGUNIVSCIAAPPLPHYSENG2010119691700693LOCALSEEDSASMUCHASPOSSIBLETOIMPROVESURVIVALRATEANDFACILITATEMAINTENANCEANDFUTUREMANAGEMENT2FUNCTIONALPRIORITYHIGHTREESSHOULDBEPLANTEDATANADEQUATEDISTANCEFROMBUILDINGSANDPREFERABLYNOTONTHESOUTHSIDEOFBUILDINGSBECAUSEOFDAYLIGHTANDVENTILATIONCONSTRAINTS3HARMONYANDUNIFICATIONVARIOUSPLANTSANDCORRESPONDINGCONFIGURATIONSSHOULDBEADOPTEDTOCREATEARTISTICLANDSCAPESACCORDINGTODIFFERENTCHARACTERISTICSOFEVERYSPACERESIDENTIALCOMMUNITIESNEEDUNIFORMTYPESOFPLANTSTOFORMTHEGREENINGSTYLEOFAWHOLEREGIONHUMANCULTURE,HISTORY,ANDENVIRONMENTSHOULDALLBETAKENINTOACCOUNTFORHARMONY3LUMINOUSENVIRONMENTOFRESIDENTIALAREASITISNECESSARYTOACHIEVEHARMONYBETWEENTHEECOLOGICALENVIRONMENTANDLIVINGCONDITIONSINLANDSCAPEDESIGNAREASONABLECONFIGURATIONOFPLANTSISREQUIREDBASEDONTHEHELIOPHILICITYOFPLANTSFORAHEALTHYDEVELOPMENTINACCORDANCEWITHDIFFERENTSUNSHINEANDSHADINGCONDITIONSINVARIOUSRESIDENTIALAREASUNDERGOINGPLANNINGANDCONSTRUCTIONTHISAPPROACHSHOULDINFLUENCETHEUTILIZATIONOFTHEBUILDINGSANDENVIRONMENTTHEFACULTYAPARTMENTINTHEXIXICAMPUSOFZHEJIANGUNIVERSITY,HANGZHOU,CHINAWASTAKENASANEXAMPLEINTHISCASETHELUMINOUSENVIRONMENTOFTHERESIDENTIALAREAANDITSEFFECTONLANDSCAPEDESIGNHAVEBEENANALYZEDUSINGSIMULATIONWITHTHEECOLOGICALDESIGNSOFTWAREAUTODESKECOTECTANALYSISBYTHESQUAREONECOMPANY31PROJECTINTRODUCTIONLOCATEDINTHEXIXICAMPUSOFZHEJIANGUNIVERSITY,THEFACULTYAPARTMENTCOVERSANAREAOF34155M2INACONSTRUCTIONAREAOFABOUT90888M2THEREAREATOTALOF10HIGHRISERESIDENTIALBUILDINGS,EACHOFWHICHISABOUT30MHIGH,ANDTWOUNDERGROUNDGARAGES32SIMULATIONOFTHELUMINOUSENVIRONMENTOFTHERESIDENTIALCOMMUNITYHANGZHOUCITYISLOCATEDONTHEEASTERNCOASTOFCHINAINASUBTROPICALMONSOONZONEDAILYSUNSHINEAVERAGES54HANDREACHESAMAXIMUMINSUMMERTHEMINIMUMDIFFERENCEINAVERAGEDAILYSUNSHINEBETWEENSUMMERANDWINTERIS36HTHECITYISDESIGNATEDATYPEIVCLIMATICZONEAMONGTHEFIVELUMINOUSCLIMATEZONESNATIONWIDE,ANDTHESTIPULATEDOUTDOORCRITICALILLUMINATIONIS4500LXFIG2SHOWSTHEAVERAGEDAILYRADIATIONWHICHISACCUMULATEDONTHESITETHROUGHTHESIMULATIONUNDEROUTDOORILLUMINATIONOF4500LXINEARLYSPRINGILLUMINATIONOF3500–4500LXWASADOPTEDINTHESIMULATIONANDISSHOWNONASCALEFROMDARKTOLIGHTWITHSCALEDIVISIONSOF100LXTHEALLDAYACCUMULATEDSHADEISALSOSHOWNTHEEXTERIORENVIRONMENTOFTHERESIDENTIALAREAISDIVIDEDINTOFOURTYPE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簡介：SHORTCOMMUNICATIONDEVELOPMENTOFASYMMETRICALSPIRALINLETTOIMPROVECYCLONESEPARATORPERFORMANCEBINGTAOZHAO,HENGGENSHEN,YANMINGKANGDEPARTMENTOFENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING,DONGHUAUNIVERSITY,NO1882,YANANRD,SHANGHAI,SHANGHAI200051,CHINARECEIVED28OCTOBER2003RECEIVEDINREVISEDFORM24FEBRUARY2004ACCEPTED3JUNE2004AVAILABLEONLINE17JULY2004ABSTRACTTHREECYCLONESEPARATORSWITHDIFFERENTINLETGEOMETRYWEREDESIGNED,WHICHINCLUDEACONVENTIONALTANGENTIALSINGLEINLETCTSI,ADIRECTSYMMETRICALSPIRALINLETDSSI,ANDACONVERGINGSYMMETRICALSPIRALINLETCSSITHEEFFECTSOFINLETTYPEONCYCLONEPERFORMANCECHARACTERISTICS,INCLUDINGTHECOLLECTIONEFFICIENCYANDPRESSUREDROP,WEREINVESTIGATEDANDCOMPAREDASAFUNCTIONOFPARTICLESIZEANDFLOWRATEINTHISPAPEREXPERIMENTALRESULTINDICATEDTHATTHESYMMETRICALSPIRALINLETSSI,ESPECIALLYCSSIINLETGEOMETRY,HASEFFECTONSIGNIFICANTLYINCREASINGCOLLECTIONEFFICIENCYWITHINSIGNIFICANTLYINCREASINGPRESSUREDROPINADDITION,THERESULTSOFCOLLECTIONEFFICIENCYANDPRESSUREDROPCOMPARISONBETWEENTHEEXPERIMENTALDATAANDTHETHEORETICALMODELWEREALSOINVOLVEDKEYWORDSCYCLONESYMMETRICALSPIRALINLETCOLLECTIONEFFICIENCYPRESSUREDROP1INTRODUCTIONCYCLONESEPARATORSAREWIDELYUSEDINTHEFIELDOFAIRPOLLUTIONCONTROLANDGAS–SOLIDSEPARATIONFORAEROSOLSAMPLINGANDINDUSTRIALAPPLICATIONS1DUETORELATIVESIMPLICITYTOFABRICATE,LOWCOSTTOOPERATE,ANDWELLADAPTABILITYTOEXTREMELYHARSHCONDITIONS,CYCLONESEPARATORSHAVEBECAMEONEOFMOSTIMPORTANTPARTICLEREMOVALDEVICETHATPREFERABLYISUTILIZEDINBOTHENGINEERINGANDPROCESSOPERATIONHOWEVER,THEINCREASINGEMPHASISONENVIRONMENTPROTECTIONANDGAS–SOLIDSEPARATIONISINDICATINGTHATFINERANDFINERPARTICLESMUSTBEREMOVEDTOMEETTHISCHALLENGE,THEIMPROVEMENTOFCYCLONEGEOMETRYANDPERFORMANCEISREQUIREDRATHERTHANHAVINGTORESORTTOALTERNATIVEUNITSMANYRESEARCHERSHAVECONTRIBUTEDTOLARGEVOLUMEOFWORKONIMPROVINGTHECYCLONEPERFORMANCE,BYINTRODUCINGNEWINLETDESIGNANDOPERATIONVARIABLESTHESEINCLUDESTUDIESOFTESTINGACYCLONICFRACTIONATORFORSAMPLINGTHATUSEDMULTIPLEINLETVANESBYWEDDINGETAL2,DEVELOPINGAMATHEMATICMODELTOPREDICTTHECOLLECTIONEFFICIENCYOFSMALLCYLINDRICALMULTIPORTCYCLONEBYDEOTTE3,TESTINGAMULTIPLEINLETCYCLONESBASEDONLAPPLE’TYPEGEOMETRYBYMOOREANDMCFARLAND4,DESIGNINGANDTESTINGARESPIRABLEMULTIINLETCYCLONESAMPLERTHATMINIMIZETHEORIENTATIONBIASBYGAUTAMANDSTREENATH5,ANDCOMPARINGTHEPERFORMANCEOFADOUBLEINLETCYCLONEWITHCLEANAIRBYLIMETAL6INTHISPAPER,THENEWINLETTYPE,WHICHISDIFFERENTTYPEOFINLETFROMTHATUSEDBYFORMERRESEARCHERS,WASDEVELOPED,ANDTHEEXPERIMENTALSTUDYONADDRESSINGTHEEFFECTOFINLETTYPEONCYCLONEPERFORMANCESWASPRESENTED2EXPERIMENTALTHREEKINDSOFCYCLONESEPARATORSWITHVARIOUSINLETGEOMETRIES,INCLUDINGCONVENTIONALTANGENTIALSINGLEINLETCTSI,DIRECTSYMMETRICALSPIRALINLETDSSI,ANDCONVERGINGSYMMETRICALSPIRALINLETCSSI,WEREMANUFACTUREDANDSTUDIEDTHEGEOMETRIESANDDIMENSIONSTHESECYCLONESAREPRESENTEDINFIG1ANDTABLE1TOEXAMINETHEEFFECTSOFINLETTYPE,ALLOTHERDIMENSIONSWEREDESIGNEDTOREMAINTHESAMEBUTONLYTHEINLETGEOMETRYCORRESPONDINGAUTHORTEL862162373718FAX862162373482EMAILADDRESSZHAOBINGTAOMAILDHUEDUCNBZHAOPOWDERTECHNOLOGY145200447–50THECOMPARISONSHOWTHATSOMEMODELCANPREDICTATHEORETICALRESULTTHATCLOSEDTHEEXPERIMENTALDATA,BUTTHECHANGESOFFLOWPATTERNANDPARTICLECONCENTRATIONDISTRIBUTIONINDUCEDBYSYMMETRICALSPIRALINLETHAVINGEFFECTSONCYCLONEPERFORMANCEWERENOTTAKENINTOACCOUNTADEQUATELYINDEVELOPEDTHEORIESTOEXAMINETHEEFFECTSOFTHESYMMETRICALSPIRALINLETONCYCLONEPERFORMANCEMORECLEARLY,FIG6WASPREPARED,DEPICTINGTHE50CUTSIZEFORALLMODELSWITHVARYINGTHEFLOWRATEORINLETVELOCITYTHE50CUTSIZEOFMODELSCANDBARELOWERTHANTHATOFMODELAATTHESAMEINLETVELOCITYASTHEINLETVELOCITYISDECREASED,THE50CUTSIZEISAPPROXIMATELYDECREASEDLINEARLYWITHINLETVELOCITY2018M/S,FOREXAMPLE,THEDECREASERATEOF50CUTSIZEISUPTO988FORMODELBAND2462FORMODELCTHISINDICATEDTHATTHENEWINLETTYPECANHELPTOENHANCETHECYCLONECOLLECTIONEFFICIENCY32PRESSUREDROPTHEPRESSUREDROPACROSSCYCLONEISCOMMONLYEXPRESSEDASANUMBERGASINLETVELOCITYHEADSDHNAMEDTHEPRESSUREFIG4GRADEEFFICIENCYOFTHECYCLONESATDIFFERENTINLETVELOCITIESAINLETVELOCITY1199M/SBINLETVELOCITY1604M/SCINLETVELOCITY2018M/SDINLETVELOCITY2385M/SFIG5COMPARISONOFEXPERIMENTALGRADEEFFICIENCYWITHTHEORIESFIG6THE50CUTSIZEOFTHECYCLONESBZHAOETAL/POWDERTECHNOLOGY145200447–5049

簡介：RKHOSLAETALEDSKES2005,LNAI3682,PP1062–1068,2005?SPRINGERVERLAGBERLINHEIDELBERG2005DESIGNANDIMPLEMENTATIONOFSMSSECURITYSYSTEMFORWIRELESSENVIRONMENTYANHA1,HEASOOKPARK1,SOONMILEE1,YOUNGWHANPARK1,ANDYOUNGSHINHAN21DEPTOFCOMPUTERINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYKYUNGINWOMENS’SCOLLEGE5484GYESANDONG,GYEYANGGU,INCHEON407740KOREA{EDPSPHS,WHITE,LEESM,YHPARK}KICACKR2CENTERFORCOMPUTERGRAPHICSANDVIRTUALREALITYEWHAWOMENSUNIVERSITY111DAEHYUNDOG,SUDAEMUNGU,SEOUL120750KOREAYSHAN95EWHAINNETABSTRACTTHISPAPERAIMSATDEVELOPINGCOMMUNICATIONMODULEANDAPPLICATIONPROGRAMFORCLIENTMANAGEMENTMODULEANDDEVELOPINGDATABASEMANAGEMENTMODULEANDMANAGINGWIRELESSCOMMUNICATIONFACILITIESFORSERVERSYSTEMSTOCONSTRUCTTHESEAIMS,WEHAVEADAPTEDDESALGORITHMANDRESEARCHEDONENCRYPTINGANDDECRYPTINGMODULEDEVELOPMENTAPPLICABLETOSMSSECURITYSYSTEMANDOPTIMIZEMODULESIZEANDPROCESSINGSPEEDINADDITION,THEXMLTECHNOLOGYISAPPLIEDTOENCRYPTONLYTHECONTENTSOFTHEMESSAGEINAWAYTOREDUCETHEVOLUMEOFDATATOPROCESSANDSHORTENTHETIMETOENCRYPTING1INTRODUCTION11BACKGROUNDOFTHESTUDYSMSSHORTMESSAGESERVICEISATWOWAYMOBILEDATACOMMUNICATIONSERVICEFORMOBILECELLPHONES,PDAMAYEXCHANGESHORTMESSAGESWITHOUTADDITIONALEQUIPMENT12SMSISWIDELYUSEDDOMESTICALLYDUETOTHEACCURACYANDPROMPTNESSANDOTHERADVANTAGESOFSMS,ANDGSMGLOBALSYSTEMASSOCIATIONREPORTEDTHAT19BILLIONMESSAGESWERETRANSMITTEDPERMONTHWORLDWIDELASTYEAR3INADDITION,THEONGOINGRESEARCHESAREFOCUSINGONTHESYSTEMRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTFORMCOMMERCEBYUSINGTHEADVANTAGEOFSMSUNDERTHEMOBILEINTERNETENVIRONMENTHOWEVER,THEREARESTILLINSUFFICIENTEFFORTSINRESOLVINGTHESHORTAGEOFSMS,THEISSUESOFSECURITYEXPOSINGORALTERINGTHEMESSAGETHESESHORTAGESMAYBECOMETHEFACTORSININTERFERINGWITHTHESAFEECOMMERCEENVIRONMENTTHEREFORE,IFTHESECURITYOFSMSISSTRENGTHENEDTOREMOVETHERISKSONINFORMATIONEXPOSUREANDALTERATION,ITWOULDBEAPPLIEDEFFECTIVEONTHEAREASOFSERVICESONORDEROFGOODSFORMCOMMERCEANDECOMMERCE,PROCEEDPAYMENT,CONFIRMATIONOFPAYMENT,FORWARDINGOFELECTRONICRECEIPTANDOTHERS,SERVICESONBALANCEINQUIRY,TRANSFER,INTRODUCTIONOFNEWFINANCIALPRODUCTONMOBILEINTERNETBANKINGSERVICE,ANDSERVICESONVARIOUSAUCTIONSERVICE,RESERVATIONSERVICEAREAINTHISTHESIS,INORDERTOPRESENTTHEMESSAGEEXPOSUREBYATHIRDPARTYANDENSURINGALTERATIONOFMESSAGESFROMTHESMTRANSMISSION,THESECURITYSYSTEMFORSMSWITHTHEBASISOFAPPLYINGTHEENCRYPTIONTECHNOLOGYISTOBEDEVELOPEDFORTHISPUR1064YANHAETALDATABASEFORTHENONREPUDIATIONFUNCTION,ITSHALLBEABLETOCONFIRMTHIRD,FORTHEMOBILEAUTHENTICATIONANDUSERAUTHENTICATION,THEDATABASEISDESIGNEDACCORDINGLY32STRUCTUREOFSYSTEMTHEENTIRESTRUCTUREOFTHESMSSYSTEMISLIKETHEFIG1MESSAGEDBMESSAGEDBKEY/AUTHENTICATIONDBKEY/AUTHENTICATIONDBCLIENTMESSAGEEDITOR/VIEWERKEY/AUTHENTICATIONMGTINTERFACEMESSAGEMGTINTERFACEUSERINTERFACEDBMANAGEMENTMODULEENCRYPTIONMODULEDECRYPTIONMODULEXMLDOMPARSERXMLDOCUMENTGENERATORXMLMANAGERFIG1SYSTEMARCHITECTUREOFSMSTHECLIENTPERFORMSTHEFUNCTIONSOFMESSAGEMANAGEMENTANDTRANSMISSION,USERANDGROUPMANAGEMENTIFTHECLIENTWISHESTOTRANSMITTHEMESSAGE,ITLOGSINONTHESERVER,PREPARESANDENCRYPTSTHEMESSAGEANDTHEENCRYPTEDMESSAGEISTRANSMITTEDTOTHESERVERTHEMESSAGEPREPAREDATTHISTIMEBECOMESTHEENCRYPTIONWITHTHESECRETKEYOFTHECLIENTIFANOTHERCLIENTRECEIVESTHEMESSAGESFROMTHESERVER,RECEIVETHEENCRYPTEDMESSAGEAFTERLOGGINGINTHEMESSAGEENCRYPTIONINITSOWNSECRETKEYISDECRYPTEDTHEMESSAGEMANAGEMENTFUNCTIONOFSERVERISLARGELYDIVIDEDINTOTWOSTAGESSERVERDECRYPTSTHEENCRYPTIONMESSAGETRANSMITTEDFROMTHECLIENT,THENENCRYPTSAGAINWITHTHESECRETKEYOFTHERECEIVERTOSTOREINTHEDATABASESERVERMAKESTHECONTENTSOFTRANSMITTINGMESSAGESUNABLETOREADIFTHERECEIVINGCLIENTWANTSTHEMESSAGERECEPTION,THEENCRYPTEDMESSAGEISFORWARDEDAFTERTHECLIENTCERTIFICATIONATTHISTIME,THESECRETKEYOFTHEXMLMANAGERENCRYPTSTHEMESSAGEIFTHERECEIVINGCLIENTWISHESTORECEIVETHEMESSAGEFROMTHESERVER,LOGINFIRSTANDTHENUSETHEINDIVIDUALSECRETKEYTODECRYPTTHEENCRYPTEDMESSAGE4IMPLEMENTATIONTHESERVEROFTHEDEVELOPEDSMSSECURITYSYSTEMISIMPLEMENTEDONTHECOMPUTERWITHINTELPENTIUMIV2GHZ256DDRRAM,ANDTHEDEVELOPMENTTOOLISUSEDOFVISUALSTUDIO60AND,INORDERTODEVELOPTHECLIENTPROGRAM,THEEMBEDDEDVISUALSTUDIO30ANDPOCKETPCSDKAREUSEDONTHEABOVEPCAND,INORDERTOTESTTHEPROGRAM,THESERVERPROGRAMDEVELOPEDFROMTHEABOVEPCISIMPLEMENTEDANDTHEWINCEIMPLEMENTSTHECLIENTPROGRAMONTHECOMPAQIPAQUSEDASTHEOS

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CREDIT,MAKINGEFFORTSTOCONTROLTHEREALESTATELOANSATANAPPROPRIATESIZE,ANDSTRENGTHENTHEPREVENTIONOFFINANCIALRISKSZHOU2008SECOND,BUILDINGAMULTILEVELMORTGAGEMARKETANDAVOIDINGTHEEXCESSIVECONCENTRATIONOFRISKSINTHENATIONALREALESTATEMARKET,THEBANKSHAVETAKENMOSTOFTHERISKSASMAINSUBJECTSOFINVESTMENTTHEREALESTATELOANSHASACCOUNTEDFORAGROWINGPROPORTIONINTOTALBANKCREDIT,ANDTHATCAUSETHESERIOUSLOSSESOFTHEBANKSWHENFACINGTHESIGNIFICANTDECLINEOFTHEREALESTATETHEREFORE,AMULTILEVELMORTGAGEMARKETCANHELPTHEBANKSTOSPREADTHERISKOFEXCESSIVEACCUMULATION,ANDMAKEITADAPTTOTHEMARKETDEVELOPINGBUTINVIEWOFTHEUSSUBLOANCRISIS,ITISJUSTGENERATEDBYTHEEXPANSIONOFTHEASSETSECURITIZATION,ANDWESHOULDTAKEACAUTIOUSAPPROACHINOURMORTGAGEBUSINESSINORDERTOPREVENTOVERSECURITIZATIONATTHESAMETIME,THEPROFESSIONALINSTITUTIONSCONCERNINGINVESTMENT,COUNSELINGANDAPPRAISALARENEEDEDTOBEBUILTTOIMPROVEMARKETLIQUIDITY,SPREADRISKSANDREDUCESYSTEMICRISK,SOASTOENHANCEMARKETSTABILITYTHIRD,STRENGTHENINGTHECREDITRATINGASSESSMENTSYSTEMASTHECOMPREHENSIVECREDITRATINGSYSTEMISTHEROOTOFTHEFINANCIALDERIVATIVEINNOVATIONBECAUSETHELACKOFTHEBASICCOLLECTIONSYSTEMOFPERSONALCREDITWILLCAUSETHEPROBLEMSCONCERNINGTHELIMITATIONOFTHERISKCONTROL,THECONFUSIONINMARKETORIENTATIONANDTHEINADEQUATEBINDINGFORCETHEREFORE,ASOUNDCREDITRATINGSYSTEMISTOSTRENGTHENTHEPREVENTIONOFFINANCIALRISKSANDEFFECTIVELYPREVENTTHEOCCURRENCEOFTHEINFORMATIONASYMMETRY,SOASTOMAKETHENATIONALREALESTATEFINANCEDEVELOPHEALTHYANDSUSTAINABLEFORTH,MAKINGEFFORTTOACHIEVETHEGLOBALCOORDINATIONOFFINANCIALSUPERVISIONANDIMPROVETHERISKWARNINGANDPROCESSINGCAPABILITIESTIESINTHEGLOBALECONOMY,GLOBALIZATIONHASBECOMETHEREASONOFTHECRISISSPREADINGINTHEFACEOFTHE“INTEGRATIONOFTHEGLOBALECONOMY“,SOTHESUPERVISIONANDCOOPERATIONOFTHECROSSBORDERANDTHECROSSSECTORARENEEDEDTOBEPROMOTEDALTHOUGHTHISCRISISGENERATEDFROMTHEUNITEDSTATESHASNOTAPPEASEDYET,SINCEAUGUST2007THECURRENCYORTHEBANKINGSUPERVISORYAUTHORITYOFTHEEUROPEANUNION,THEUNITEDSTATES,JAPAN,AUSTRALIAANDCANADAHAVEACTIVELYINTERVENEDINTHEMARKETANDTAKEMEASURESTOSTABILIZETHEMARKET,WHICHISWORTHYPAYINGATTENTIONTOANDLEARNFROMFORUS42THEDEVELOPINGMODEOFTHENATIONALREALESTATEMARKETATPRESENT,THEBUBBLEINTHENATIONALREALESTATEMARKETHASGROWINGGREATERANDGREATERAFTERAFEWYEARSSOARINGALTHOUGHIN2007,THEGOVERNMENTHASSEENTHEPROBLEMSLIEDINTHEREALESTATEINDUSTRYANDTOOKANUMBEROFPOLICIESTOCURBTHEREALESTATESPECULATION,WHICHHASDECREASEDTHEDOMESTICREALESTATEBUBBLEHOWEVER,THISISNOTASUBSTANTIVECHANGEANDMANYRESIDENTSSTILLDONOTHAVETHEABILITYTOENTERTHEREALESTATEMARKETASCONSUMERSFACINGTHEFINANCIALCRISISIN2008,THETRANSFORMATIONOFTHENATIONALREALESTATEMARKETISALSOFACEDWITHUNPRECEDENTEDOPPORTUNITIESTHEGOVERNMENTHASALREADYISSUEDTHEMACROECONOMICPOLICIESTOSTIMULATETHEDOMESTICDEMANDANDTHEECONOMY,ASANEFFECTIVEMEANS,THECONSTRUCTIONOFTHEPOLICYRELATEDHOUSESWEREPUTONAVERYIMPORTANTPOSITIONTHEREFORETHEREALESTATEINDUSTRYISTHESTARINGPOINTTOEXPANDTHEDOMESTICDEMANDANDITISALSOPROVIDESAFAVORABLEENVIRONMENTFORTHENATIONALREALESTATEMARKETTOCHANGEFROMTHEINVESTLEDMODETOTHECONSUMELEDMODEASWEKNOW,THEINVESTLEDREALESTATEMARKETISNOTONLYEASYTOBLOWBIGBUBBLEINREALESTATEMARKET,BUTALSOCANNOTBESUSTAINEDFORALONGTIMEDESPITEMANYREASONSCAUSETHEUSFINANCIALCRISIS,THEBURSTINGREALESTATEBUBBLEISTHEULTIMATECAUSEOFTHEFINANCIALCRISISCONCERNINGTHENATIONALREALESTATEMARKET,DIFFERENTFROMTHATOFTHEUS,BUTIFTHEGOVERNMENTDOESNOTHAVEENOUGHKNOWLEDGEINTHEDRAWBACKOFTHEINVESTMENTLEDDEVELOPMENTMODEL,ONCETHEREALESTATEBUBBLEINFLATED,ITISTHESAMERISKSWOULDHAPPENANDSHOULDNOTBEUNDERESTIMATEDMENG2009,YANG2009GENERALLYSPEAKING,THEADJUSTMENTOFTHENATIONALREALESTATEMARKETPOLICIESSHOULDFOCUSONCHANGINGTHEINVESTLEDMARKETTOTHECONSUMELEDMARKETINOTHERWORDS,THEPURPOSETOTHEPOLICYISTOENSURETHELIVELIHOODOFTHEPEOPLEANDTHECONSUMABLEOFTHEREALESTATEATTHESAMETIME,THEGOVERNMENTDEPARTMENTSMUSTSTRICTLYLIMITTHEREALESTATESPECULATION,ANDTHEREALESTATEINVESTMENTNEEDSSHOULDNOTBEENCOURAGEDTOKEEPTHEVALIDITYOFTHEMACROCONTROLEFFORTSOFLASTFEWYEARSONTHEOTHERHAND,THEADJUSTEDPRICESALSOHAVETHEPOSITIVESIDE,WHICHWILLTAKETHEADVANTAGESOFTHEADJUSTINGOPPORTUNITYTORELEASETHEBUBBLESACCUMULATEDFORAFEWYEARSTHEREFORE,THERAPIDDECLINEOFTHEREALESTATEPRICEIN2008ANDTHEPROTECTIONOFTHEPOLICYRELATEDHOUSESWILLFURTHERSQUEEZEDTHEHUGEPROFITSINREALESTATEINDUSTRYALLTHATMAYQUICKLYIMPROVETHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHENATIONALREALESTATEMARKET,SOASTOMAKETHENATIONALREALESTATEMARKETDEVELOPHEALTHYANDSUSTAINABLE43THECONSTRUCTIONOFTHEPOLICYRELATEDHOUSETHROUGHOUTTHEEXPERIENCEOFTHEREALESTATEINDUSTRYALLOVERTHEWORLD,THEEQUILIBRIUMOFSUPPLYANDDEMANDISOFOVERRIDINGIMPORTANCETOSTABILIZETHEHOUSEPRICEFORCHINA,ITISTHEREALESTATEMARKETTHATCOULDFIGHTAGAINSTECONOMICCRISIS,ANDASANENTRYPOINTFOREXPANDINGTHEDOMESTICDEMAND,ITWILLPLAYANIMPORTANTROLETOBEADRIVINGFORCEINTHEECONOMICDEVELOPMENTOFCHINABUT,BASEDONAREASONABLESTRUCTUREOFPOLICYRELATEDHOUSESANDACONSUMELEDREALESTATEMARKET,THEREALESTATEMARKETCANASSUMETHERESPONSIBILITIESTHATEXPANDTHEDOMESTICDEMANDACCORDINGTOTHEPRACTICALSITUATIONOFCHINA,TOSPEEDUPTHEBUILDINGOFTHEHOUSINGSECURITYSYSTEMISNODOUBTTHEEFFECTIVEMEANSTOMAKETHENATIONALREALESTATEINDUSTRYDEVELOPHEALTHYITCANNOTONLYMEETT

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簡介：RESEARCHONMETHODOF3DRECONSTRUCTIONOFANCIENTARCHITECTURENANPUTUOTEMPLEJUNFENGYAOSOFTWARESCHOOLOFXIAMENUNIVERSITYYAO0010XMUEDUCNHUIZHANGSOFTWARESCHOOLOFXIAMENUNIVERSITYZHANGHUIYC163COMFEISHESOFTWARESCHOOLOFXIAMENUNIVERSITYFEIJM_225SINACOMABSTRACTINTHISPAPER,REGARDINGTHEGREATMAJESTYHALLOFTHENANPUTUOTEMPLEASAVIRTUALMODELINGOBJECT,THERESEARCHONTHENEWTECHNOLOGYOF3DRECONSTRUCTIONOFTHEANCIENTARCHITECTUREHASBEENDONE,INWHICH3DSMAXANDMULTIGENCREATORWEREAPPLIEDTHECONFLICTWASSOLVEDBETWEENPRECISIONANDTHEAMOUNTOFDATAEXISTINGINTHEPROCESSOF3DMODELINGVIRTUALANCIENTARCHITECTURETHEPRACTICALPROJECTHASPROVEDTHATTHEANCIENTARCHITECTUREMODELMADEINTHISWAYHASGOTTENLIVINGEFFECTINROAMINGSYSTEM,ATTHEMEANTIMEITSATISFIESTHEDATADEMANDOFREALTIMERENDERINGKEYWORDVIRTUALREALITYVR,ANCIENTARCHITECTUREPROTECTION,3DSMAX,MULTIGENCREATOR1INTRODUCTIONVIRTUALREALITYISANEWMANMACHINEINTERFACEITPROVIDESUSERSPARTICIPANTSWITHSATISFACTORYIMMERSEDEXPERIENCEANDMULTISENSORYCHANNELS,ANDATTEMPTSTOSEEKTHEBESTWAYOFMANMACHINECOMMUNICATION1USINGTHEVIRTUALREALITYTECHNOLOGYTOREALIZETHEREPRESENTATIONOFANCIENTARCHITECTUREISTHEINNOVATIONOFARCHITECTURALILLUSTRATIONALTOOLS,ANDITISONEOFTHEHOTTOPICSOFTHEPRESENTRESEARCHTHELIFELIKECOMPUTERMODELINGCANNOTONLYDEMONSTRATETHEPROFOUNDCULTURALDETAILSOFCHINESEANCIENTARCHITECTURES,BUTHAVEPRACTICALSIGNIFICANCETOTHEPROTECTIONOFANCIENTARCHITECTURESINFORMOFARCHIVES,THEREFOREITWASAPPLIEDMOREWIDELYTHANTHETRADITIONALPHYSICALMODELTHEMODELINGFIDELITYANDRAPIDREALTIMEDATARENDERINGARETHEFOUNDATIONSOFREALIZINGVIRTUALREALITYDESKTOPSYSTEMTHEPROJECT“XIAMENNANPUTUOTEMPLEVIRTUALROAMINGSYSTEM“REQUIREDTHATVIRTUALSCENESCOULDREACHABALANCEBETWEENTHEQUALITYIMAGEANDTHESPEEDOFTHERENDERING,ANDPRESCRIBEDSTRICTLYTHEDEGREEOFACCURACYANDDETAILOFEVERYARCHITECTUREITCONTROLLEDTHEAMOUNTOFDATAASPOSSIBLEASWECANONTHEBASISOFFINEMODELINGREGARDINGTHEGREATMAJESTYHALLOFTHENANPUTUOTEMPLEASVIRTUALMODELINGOBJECT,USINGTHEMODELINGMETHODOF3DSMAXANDMULTIGENCREATOR,THEPAPERCARRIEDONBENEFICIALDISCUSSIONTOTHEAPPLICATIONOFTHETECHNOLOGYINGEOMETRYMODELINGOFANCIENTARCHITECTURES2CHINESEANCIENTARCHITECTURES’FEATURESINTHISPAPER,THEVIRTUALMODELINGOBJECTOFTHEGREATMAJESTYHALLBELONGTOIMITATIONQINGDYNASTYANCIENTARCHITECTURESITFOLLOWEDTHEANCIENTCHINESEARCHITECTUREMAJORCHARACTERISTICSGENERALLYSUMMARIZEDASFOLLOWS21THEMOSTSIGNIFICANTCHARACTERISTICOFANCIENTCHINESEARCHITECTUREMAKEFULLUSEOFTIMBERFRAMEWORKWOODENPOSTS,BEAMS,LINTELSANDJOISTSMAKEUPTHEFRAMEWORKOFAHOUSEWALLSSERVEASTHESEPARATIONOFROOMSWITHOUTBEARINGTHEWEIGHTOFTHEWHOLEHOUSE,WHICHISUNIQUETOCHINAASAFAMOUSSAYINGGOES,CHINESEHOUSESWILLSTILLSTANDWHENTHEIRWALLSCOLLAPSETHESPECIALTYOFWOODREQUIRESANTISEPSISMETHODSTOBEADOPTED,THUSDEVELOPSINTOCHINESEOWNARCHITECTURALPAINTINGDECORATION2COLOREDGLAZEROOFS,WINDOWSWITHEXQUISITEAPPLIQUEDESIGNANDBEAUTIFULFLOWERPATTERNSONWOODENPILLARSREFLECTTHEHIGHLEVELOFTHECRAFTSMENSHANDICRAFTANDTHEIRRICHIMAGINATION3THELAYOUTOFACOURTYARDCOMPLEXISALSOUNIQUETOCHINATHEMAINSTRUCTUREISLOCATEDONTHECENTRALAXISOFACOURTWHILELESSIMPORTANTSTRUCTURESARELOCATEDTOTHELEFTANDRIGHTTHEWHOLELAYOUTISSYMMETRICAL3COMPARISONOF3DSMAXANDMULTIGENCREATORINMODELINGOFSINGLECOMPLEXARCHITECTURE,FINENESSANDFIDELITY,3DSMAXHASMOREADVANTAGESMOREMULTIGENCREATOR3DSMAXPROVIDESTHEPOLYGONMODELING,LOFTING,FACEMODELING,NURBSFACEMODELING,ANDOTHERCONVENIENTANDEFFECTIVEMODELINGMETHODITHASABETTERABILITYOFSPECIALEFFECTINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCYBERWORLDS20089780769533810/082500?2008IEEEDOI101109/CW2008146627BUTSIMULTANEOUSLYALSOINCREASETHEBURDENOFSCENEDEMONSTRATIONUSINGTHEAPPROPRIATERESOLUTIONTEXTURESANDMATERIALSCANREDUCETHEGEOMETRICDETAILSOFTHEMODELANDATTHESAMETIMEPRODUCEBETTERVISUALEFFECTS6AFTERTHEMODELINGCOMPLETES,PROCESSTHEPHOTOSTAKENFROMTHESPOTBYHIGHRESOLUTIONDIGITALCAMERAANDTHENSAVETHEMASTEXTUREPICTURESOFAPPROPRIATESIZEUSEAPPROPRIATEMAPPINGMETHODSANDCOORDINATESIN3DSMAXTOIMPLEMENTTHEMAPPINGTOEVERYCOMPONENTOFTHEARCHITECTURE,SUCHASUSETHEUVWMAPPINGORDERINMODIFIERTOMODIFYTHEMAPPINGCOORDINATESIMULTANEOUSLYTOREDUCETHEDATAAMOUNTSOFTHETEXTURES,USETHEREPEATEDMAPPINGMETHODASFARASPOSSIBLEINMAPPINGFIGURE2SHOWSTHECOMPLETED3DMODELOFTHEGREATMAJESTYHALLFIGURE23DMODELOFTHEGREATMAJESTYHALL44IMPORTINGMODELTOCREATORFORSIMPLIFICATIONIMPORTINGMODELFROM3DSMAXTOCREATORFORMODELSIMPLIFICATIONNEEDSTHREESTEPS1IMPORTINGMODELIMPORTTHE3DSFILEEXPORTEDFROM3DSMAXTOCREATORTHENTHETEXTUREPATHOFTHEMODELLOSESSOYOUNEEDTODESIGNATEANEWTEXTUREPATHTHELATTERPATHSHOULDBEARELATIVEPATHWHICHISTHESAMETOTHEMODEL’SPATHTHISCANINCREASETHEFLEXIBILITYOFMODELPATH2ORGANIZINGTHESTRUCTUREOFDATABASETHEDATABASEOFTHE3DSFILESDOESNOTHAVETHEHIERARCHICALSTRUCTUREALLOBJECTSAREPLACEDUNDERTHEIDENTICALFATHERNODESOWESHOULDREORGANIZETHEDATABASEACCORDINGTOTHEPRIMARYANDSECONDARYOFDIFFERENTPARTSOFTHEANCIENTARCHITECTUREMODELTHISWILLNOTONLYFACILITATETHESELECTIONOPERATIONONMODELINTHEPROCESSOFMODELING,BUTALSOIMPROVETHEGRAPHICRENDERINGSPEEDANDAVOIDSOMEDRAWINGERRORSINTHESCENERENDERINGANDBROWSING3SIMPLIFYINGMODELTHATIS,UNDERTHEPREMISEOFNOTAFFECTINGTHEMODELSAPPEARANCE,TODISPLAYTHEMODELWITHFEWDATAANDELIMINATETHEREDUNDANTDATATHEEXPORTED3DSFILESSAVEFACESINFORMOFTRIANGLE,BUTTHECREATORSAVEFACESINFORMOFPOLYGONFORSIMPLIFICATION,YOUCANUSETHECOMBINEFACETOOLINCREATORTOMERGETHECOPLANARTRIANGLESTOAPOLYGONALFACETHISMAYREDUCETHEPOLYGONAMOUNTLARGELYINADDITION,THEAPPLICATIONOFINSTANCECANSIMPLIFYTHEMODELOFTEN,THEMODELOFAANCIENTARCHITECTUREINCLUDESANUMBEROFSAMECOMPONENTS,SUCHASTOUKUNG、POSTS,BEAMSANDSOONINTHEMODELINGPROCESS,YOUCANUSETHETECHNOLOGYOFINSTANCE,COPYTHECOMPONENTTOOTHERPOSITIONSSOTHATTHEDATABASEWILLNOTESTABLISHTHENODEOFTHESAMEMODELREPEATEDLYTHISCANSAVETHEMEMORYSPACEGREATLYFINALLY,SOMEINVISIBLEFACESCANBEDELETEDDIRECTLY,SUCHASTHEUNDERSIDEOFTHEMODELANDADJACENTFACESBETWEENTHENEIGHBORINGCOMPONENTS45MAKINGLODMODELLOD（LEVELOFDETAILS）ISAMODELMANAGEMENTMETHODSAVINGOBJECTSBYDIFFERENTDETAILTHESAMESCENEORTHEOBJECTINTHESCENEMAYCALLTHEMODELOFDIFFERENTDETAILLEVELACCORDINGTOTHENEEDOFDRAWINGSCENETHEHIGHERTHELODMODELSDETAILDEGREEIS,THEFINERITSMODELIS,THEBIGGERTHEDATAAMOUNTISTHELOWERTHEDETAILDEGREEIS,THELESSSIMPLEITSSCENEORMODELIS,THESMALLERTHEDATAAMOUNTISGENERALLY,THEMODELWITHLOWLEVELOFDETAILSISADOPTEDINREMOTEDISTANCEOBSERVATIONITDOESNOTAFFECTTHETHIRDDIMENSIONWHENSHORTDISTANCEOBSERVATION,THEMODELWITHHIGHLEVELOFDETAILSISADOPTED,ANDYOUMAYSEEAVERYFINEMODEL7THEREAREMANYMETHODSFORESTABLISHINGLODMODELSINTHEPAPER,WEUSETWO,DELETIONMETHODANDGRABBINGPICTUREMETHOD8THEDELETIONMETHODISTODELETETHEDETAILPARTSOFTHEMODELANDPRESERVETHEMAINPARTSITISSUITABLEFORTHECOMPONENTSOFFITMENTLEVELOFTHEARCHITECTUREBUTTHEDISADVANTAGEOFTHEMETHODISTHEDIFFICULTYTOMINIMIZETHEMODELSDATAAMOUNTTHEGRABBINGPICTUREMETHODCANSIMPLIFYSOMEFACESTHEMODELNEEDSTODISPLAY,SUCHASTHEWINDOWSOFTHEARCHITECTURE,THEIRSTRUCTURESAREVERYCOMPLICATEDTHISCANBEDONEBYGRABBINGPICTUREMETHODTHEGRABBINGPICTUREMETHODISTOGRABIMAGEUSINGTHEFUNCTIONOFCAPTURINGSCREEN,THENDEALWITHITFORTEXTURE,ANDFINALLYASSOCIATETHETEXTUREWITHAWHOLEFACETODEMONSTRATETHEFACEOFTHEMODELTHEFACESOFTHECOMPLETEDJUNIORLODMODELSHOULDNOTEXCEEDONETHIRDOFTHESENIORLODMODELFIGURE3SHOWSTHETHREELEVELLODMODELUSINGDELETIONMETHODANDGRABBINGPICTUREMETHODLODMODELOFLEVEL1629

簡介：CHANGINGROLESOFTHECLIENTS,ARCHITECTSANDCONTRACTORSTHROUGHBIMRIZALSEBASTIANTNOBUILTENVIRONMENTANDGEOSCIENCES,DELFT,THENETHERLANDSABSTRACTPURPOSE–THISPAPERAIMSTOPRESENTAGENERALREVIEWOFTHEPRACTICALIMPLICATIONSOFBUILDINGINFORMATIONMODELLINGBIMBASEDONLITERATUREANDCASESTUDIESITSEEKSTOADDRESSTHENECESSITYFORAPPLYINGBIMANDREORGANISINGTHEPROCESSESANDROLESINHOSPITALBUILDINGPROJECTSTHISTYPEOFPROJECTISCOMPLEXDUETOCOMPLICATEDFUNCTIONALANDTECHNICALREQUIREMENTS,DECISIONMAKINGINVOLVINGALARGENUMBEROFSTAKEHOLDERS,ANDLONGTERMDEVELOPMENTPROCESSESDESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH–THROUGHDESKRESEARCHANDREFERRINGTOTHEONGOINGEUROPEANRESEARCHPROJECTINPRO,THEFRAMEWORKFORINTEGRATEDCOLLABORATIONANDTHEUSEOFBIMAREANALYSEDTHROUGHSEVERALREALCASES,THECHANGINGROLESOFCLIENTS,ARCHITECTS,ANDCONTRACTORSTHROUGHBIMAPPLICATIONAREINVESTIGATEDFINDINGS–ONEOFTHEMAINFINDINGSISTHEIDENTIFICATIONOFTHEMAINFACTORSFORASUCCESSFULCOLLABORATIONUSINGBIM,WHICHCANBERECOGNISEDAS“POWER”PRODUCTINFORMATIONSHARINGP,ORGANISATIONALROLESSYNERGYO,WORKPROCESSESCOORDINATIONW,ENVIRONMENTFORTEAMWORKE,ANDREFERENCEDATACONSOLIDATIONRFURTHERMORE,ITISALSOFOUNDTHATTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFBIMINHOSPITALBUILDINGPROJECTSISSTILLLIMITEDDUETOCERTAINCOMMERCIALANDLEGALBARRIERS,ASWELLASTHEFACTTHATINTEGRATEDCOLLABORATIONHASNOTYETBEENEMBEDDEDINTHEREALESTATESTRATEGIESOFHEALTHCAREINSTITUTIONSORIGINALITY/VALUE–THISPAPERCONTRIBUTESTOTHEACTUALDISCUSSIONINSCIENCEANDPRACTICEONTHECHANGINGROLESANDPROCESSESTHATAREREQUIREDTODEVELOPANDOPERATESUSTAINABLEBUILDINGSWITHTHESUPPORTOFINTEGRATEDICTFRAMEWORKSANDTOOLSITPRESENTSTHESTATEOFTHEARTOFEUROPEANRESEARCHPROJECTSANDSOMEOFTHEFIRSTREALCASESOFBIMAPPLICATIONINHOSPITALBUILDINGPROJECTSKEYWORDSEUROPE,HOSPITALS,THENETHERLANDS,CONSTRUCTIONWORKS,RESPONSEFLEXIBILITY,PROJECTPLANNINGPAPERTYPEGENERALREVIEW1INTRODUCTIONHOSPITALBUILDINGPROJECTS,AREOFKEYIMPORTANCE,ANDINVOLVESIGNIFICANTINVESTMENT,ANDUSUALLYTAKEALONGTERMDEVELOPMENTPERIODHOSPITALBUILDINGPROJECTSAREALSOVERYCOMPLEXDUETOTHECOMPLICATEDREQUIREMENTSREGARDINGHYGIENE,SAFETY,SPECIALEQUIPMENTS,ANDHANDLINGOFALARGEAMOUNTOFDATATHEBUILDINGPROCESSISVERYDYNAMICANDCOMPRISESITERATIVEPHASESANDINTERMEDIATECHANGESMANYACTORSWITHSHIFTINGAGENDAS,ROLESANDRESPONSIBILITIESAREACTIVELYINVOLVED,SUCHASTHEHEALTHCAREINSTITUTIONS,NATIONALANDLOCALGOVERNMENTS,PROJECTDEVELOPERS,FINANCIALINSTITUTIONS,ARCHITECTS,CONTRACTORS,ADVISORS,FACILITYMANAGERS,ANDEQUIPMENTMANUFACTURERSANDSUPPLIERSSUCHBUILDINGPROJECTSAREVERYMUCHINFLUENCED,BYTHEHEALTHCAREPOLICY,WHICHCHANGESRAPIDLYINRESPONSETOTHEMEDICAL,SOCIETALANDTECHNOLOGICALDEVELOPMENTS,ANDVARIESGREATLYBETWEENCOUNTRIESWORLDHEALTHORGANIZATION,2000INTHENETHERLANDS,FOREXAMPLE,THEWAYABUILDINGPROJECTINTHETHECURRENTISSUEANDFULLTEXTARCHIVEOFTHISJOURNALISAVAILABLEATWWWEMERALDINSIGHTCOM/09699988HTMECAM18,2176RECEIVEDJANUARY2010ACCEPTEDFEBRUARY2010ENGINEERING,CONSTRUCTIONANDARCHITECTURALMANAGEMENTVOL18NO2,2011PP176187QEMERALDGROUPPUBLISHINGLIMITED09699988DOI101108/096999811111111482008,NEWLEGISLATIONONTHEMANAGEMENTOFHOSPITALBUILDINGPROJECTSANDREALESTATEHASCOMEINTOFORCEINTHISNEWLEGISLATION,APERMITFORHOSPITALBUILDINGPROJECTUNDERTHEWTZIISNOLONGEROBLIGATORY,NOROBTAINABLEDUTCHMINISTRYOFHEALTH,WELFAREANDSPORT,2008THISCHANGEALLOWSMOREFREEDOMFROMTHESTATEDIRECTEDPOLICY,ANDRESPECTIVELY,ALLOCATESMORERESPONSIBILITIESTOTHEHEALTHCAREORGANISATIONSTODEALWITHTHEFINANCINGANDMANAGEMENTOFTHEIRREALESTATETHENEWPOLICYIMPLIESTHATTHEHEALTHCAREINSTITUTIONSAREFULLYRESPONSIBLETOMANAGEANDFINANCETHEIRBUILDINGPROJECTSANDREALESTATETHEGOVERNMENT’SSUPPORTFORTHECOSTSOFHEALTHCAREFACILITIESWILLNOLONGERBEGIVENSEPARATELY,BUTWILLBEINCLUDEDINTHEFEEFORHEALTHCARESERVICESTHISMEANSTHATHEALTHCAREINSTITUTIONSMUSTEARNBACKTHEIRINVESTMENTONREALESTATETHROUGHTHEIRSERVICESTHISNEWPOLICYINTENDSTOSTIMULATESUSTAINABLEINNOVATIONSINTHEDESIGN,PROCUREMENTANDMANAGEMENTOFHEALTHCAREBUILDINGS,WHICHWILLCONTRIBUTETOEFFECTIVEANDEFFICIENTPRIMARYHEALTHCARESERVICESTHENEWSTRATEGYFORBUILDINGPROJECTSANDREALESTATEMANAGEMENTENDORSESANINTEGRATEDCOLLABORATIONAPPROACHINORDERTOASSURETHESUSTAINABILITYDURINGCONSTRUCTION,USE,ANDMAINTENANCE,THEENDUSERS,FACILITYMANAGERS,CONTRACTORSANDSPECIALISTCONTRACTORSNEEDTOBEINVOLVEDINTHEPLANNINGANDDESIGNPROCESSESTHEIMPLICATIONSOFTHENEWSTRATEGYAREREFLECTEDINTHECHANGINGROLESOFTHEBUILDINGACTORSANDINTHENEWPROCUREMENTMETHODINTHETRADITIONALPROCUREMENTMETHOD,THEDESIGN,ANDITSDETAILS,AREDEVELOPEDBYTHEARCHITECT,ANDDESIGNENGINEERSTHEN,THECLIENTTHEHEALTHCAREINSTITUTIONSENDSANAPPLICATIONTOTHEMINISTRYOFHEALTHTOOBTAINANAPPROVALONTHEBUILDINGPERMITANDTHEFINANCIALSUPPORTFROMTHEGOVERNMENTFOLLOWINGTHIS,ACONTRACTORISSELECTEDTHROUGHATENDERPROCESSTHATEMPHASISESTHESEARCHFORTHELOWESTPRICEBIDDERDURINGTHECONSTRUCTIONPERIOD,CHANGESOFTENTAKEPLACEDUETOCONSTRUCTABILITYPROBLEMSOFTHEDESIGNANDNEWREQUIREMENTSFROMTHECLIENTBECAUSEOFTHEHIGHLEVELOFTECHNICALCOMPLEXITY,ANDMOREOVER,DECISIONMAKINGCOMPLEXITIES,THEWHOLEPROCESSFROMINITIATIONUNTILDELIVERYOFAHOSPITALBUILDINGPROJECTCANTAKEUPTOTENYEARSTIMEAFTERTHEDELIVERY,THEHEALTHCAREINSTITUTIONISFULLYINCHARGEOFTHEOPERATIONOFTHEFACILITIESREDESIGNSANDCHANGESALSOTAKEPLACEINTHEUSEPHASETOCOPEWITHNEWFUNCTIONSANDDEVELOPMENTSINTHEMEDICALWORLDVANREEDTDORTLAND,2009THEINTEGRATEDPROCUREMENTPICTURESANEWCONTRACTUALRELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHEPARTIESINVOLVEDINABUILDINGPROJECTINSTEADOFARELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHECLIENTANDARCHITECTFORDESIGN,ANDTHECLIENTANDCONTRACTORFORCONSTRUCTION,INANINTEGRATEDPROCUREMENTTHECLIENTONLYHOLDSACONTRACTUALRELATIONSHIPWITHTHEMAINPARTYTHATISRESPONSIBLEFORBOTHDESIGNANDCONSTRUCTIONJOINTCONTRACTSTRIBUNAL,2007THETRADITIONALBORDERSBETWEENTASKSANDOCCUPATIONALGROUPSBECOMEBLURREDSINCEARCHITECTS,CONSULTINGFIRMS,CONTRACTORS,SUBCONTRACTORS,ANDSUPPLIERSALLSTANDONTHESUPPLYSIDEINTHEBUILDINGPROCESSWHILETHECLIENTONTHEDEMANDSIDESUCHCONFIGURATIONPUTSTHEARCHITECT,ENGINEERANDCONTRACTORINAVERYDIFFERENTPOSITIONTHATINFLUENCESNOTONLYTHEIRROLES,BUTALSOTHEIRRESPONSIBILITIES,TASKSANDCOMMUNICATIONWITHTHECLIENT,THEUSERS,THETEAMANDOTHERSTAKEHOLDERSTHETRANSITIONFROMTRADITIONALTOINTEGRATEDPROCUREMENTMETHODREQUIRESASHIFTOFMINDSETOFTHEPARTIESONBOTHTHEDEMANDANDSUPPLYSIDESITISESSENTIALFORTHECLIENTANDCONTRACTORTOHAVEAFAIRANDOPENCOLLABORATIONINWHICHBOTHCANOPTIMALLYUSETHEIRCOMPETENCIESTHEEFFECTIVENESSOFINTEGRATEDCOLLABORATIONISALSODETERMINEDBYTHECLIENT’SCAPACITYANDSTRATEGYTOORGANIZEINNOVATIVETENDERINGPROCEDURESSEBASTIANETAL,2009ECAM18,2178