簡介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設計外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標題STUDYINGTHEEFFECTSOFNONTARIFFBARRIERSONTHEEXPORTOFTHEMAINAGRICULTURALPRODUCTSOFIRAN外文作者ZARDAKANI,SYAZDANIANDOGILANPOUR文獻出處AMERICANJOURNALOFAPPLIEDSCIENCES6713211326,2018如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文3156單詞，20956字符字符就是印刷符，中文5169漢字。（如果字數(shù)多了，可自行刪減，大多數(shù)學校都是要求選取外文的一部分內(nèi)容進行翻譯的。）STUDYINGTHEEFFECTSOFNONTARIFFBARRIERSONTHEEXPORTOFTHEMAINAGRICULTURALPRODUCTSOFIRANABSTRACTPROBLEMSTATEMENTASTRADEAGREEMENTSDECREASETARIFFSTHROUGHOUTTHEWORLD,OTHERBARRIERSTOTRADEEMERGETHESENONTARIFFBARRIERSNTBSCANBEJUSTASTROUBLESOMEASTARIFFSFOREXPORTINGCOUNTRIESNTBSINCLUDEANYOFANUMBEROFHINDRANCESTHATRESTRICTTHEABILITYOFCOMPANIESTOEXPORTNTBSMAYNOWHAVEAGREATERIMPACTONTRADETHANTARIFFSAPPROACHINCONTRASTWITHPREVIOUSRESEARCH,WEUSEDAGRAVITYMODELTOESTIMATETHETRADEEFFECTOFNONTARIFFBARRIERSIMPOSEDBYIMPORTERCOUNTRIESONPISTACHIOS,RAISINSANDSHRIMPEXPORTEDBYIRANRESULTSNTBSHADANEGATIVEIMPACTONPISTACHIOANDSHRIMPEXPORTSANDTHEIREFFECTWASGREATERTHANTHATOFTARIFFSRAISINEXPORTSWEREUNAFFECTEDBYNTBSCONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATIONSTHEEXPORTANDTHEWORLDDEMANDFORAGRICULTURALPRODUCTSINCREASINGFOCUSINGONQUALITY,PACKAGING,LABELINGANDSTANDARDSOFPRODUCTSPOLICYMAKERSINCOUNTRIESTHATEXPORTAGRICULTURALPRODUCTS,SUCHASIRAN,MUSTCONSIDERTHESECHARACTERISTICSWHENDESIGNINGTHEIRPROGRAMSTHEREFORE,IFIRANBUILDSUPTODATEPRODUCTIONSYSTEMS,ITWILLINCREASEITSEXPORTSOFAGRICULTURALPRODUCTSFORCEONDOMESTICPRODUCTIONORDISTRIBUTION“LLOYDANALYZEDTHECONCEPTOFAREGIONAL“SINGLEMARKET,“DEFININGASINGLEMARKETASONEINWHICHTHELAWOFONEPRICEPREVAILS,“ALLOWINGFORTRANSPORTANDOTHERTRANSPORTCOSTSWHICHPREVENTPERFECTARBITRAGE,“ASARESULTOF“THEREMOVALOFALLBORDERANDNONBORDERRESTRICTIONSONCOMMODITYTRADEANDTHEHARMONIZATIONOFCOMMODITYTAXESANDOTHERMEASURESWHICHAFFECTACCESSTOMARKETS“MAHES11DEFINEDANNTBASARESTRICTIONOTHERTHANATARIFFTHATLEADSTOADECREASEINWORLDWELFAREANDTHORNSBURYETAL13ENDORSEDHILLMANSDEFINITIONANDALSOINCLUDEDSTANDARDSOFIDENTITY,MEASUREANDQUALITY,SPSMEASURESANDPACKAGINGMEASURESAWIDEVARIETYOFNTBSEXISTCOUNTRIESMUSTNOTIFYTHEIRNONTARIFFMEASURESTHESENOTIFICATIONSARECOLLECTEDANDANALYZEDBYTHEUNCTAD,WHICHDISTINGUISHESBETWEENTHEFOLLOWINGSEVENBROADCATEGORIESOFMEASURES?PARATARIFFMEASURESCUSTOMSSURCHARGES,ADDITIONALCHARGES,INTERNALTAXESLEVIEDONIMPORTS?PRICECONTROLMEASURESADMINISTRATIVEPRICING,VOLUNTARYEXPORTRESTRAINTS,ANTIDUMPING,COUNTERVAILINGMEASURES?FINANCEMEASURESADVANCEPAYMENTREQUIREMENTS,MULTIPLEEXCHANGERATES,TRANSFERDELAYS?AUTOMATICLICENSINGMEASURESAUTOMATICLICENSE,PRIORSURVEILLANCE?QUANTITYCONTROLMEASURESNONAUTOMATICLICENSINGINCLUDINGPRIORAUTHORIZATIONS,QUOTAS,PROHIBITIONS,EXPORTRESTRAINTARRANGEMENTS,ENTERPRISESPECIFICRESTRICTIONS?MONOPOLISTICMEASURESSINGLECHANNELFORIMPORTS,COMPULSORYNATIONALSERVICES?TECHNICALMEASURESTECHNICALREGULATIONS,PRESHIPMENTINSPECTION,SPECIALCUSTOMFORMALITIES,OBLIGATIONTORETURNUSEDPRODUCTS,OBLIGATIONOFRECYCLINGTHEEXPORTOFAGRICULTURALPRODUCTSISAVERYIMPORTANTPARTOFTHENONOILCOMMODITIESOFIRANTHUS,ITISIMPORTANTTODETERMINEWHATPROBLEMSFACETHEEXPORTOFTHESEAGRICULTURALPRODUCTSALTHOUGHIRANISOBSERVERMEMBERSHIPOFWORLDTRADEORGANIZATIONWTO,ITBENEFITSFROMGENERALIZEDSYSTEMOFPREFACESGSPAND

簡介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設計外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標題STUDYONBBSPUBLICOPINIONSPREADINGBASEDONSOCIALNETWORKANALYSIS外文作者LINZEHONG,WANGZHIWEI,LIUHONG,ZHOUXUEYAN文獻出處20184THINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCOMPUTERSCIENCEANDNETWORKTECHNOLOGYICCSNT2018如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文2350單詞，14424字符字符就是印刷符，中文3619漢字。（如果字數(shù)多了，可自行刪減，大多數(shù)學校都是要求選取外文的一部分內(nèi)容進行翻譯的。）STUDYONBBSPUBLICOPINIONSPREADINGBASEDONSOCIALNETWORKANALYSISABSTRACTBBSISANIMPORTANTCHANNELOFPUBLICOPINIONSPREADING,SOESTABLISHINGMODELTOANALYZEPUBLICOPINIONSPREADINGCHARACTERISTICSWILLNATURALLYBECOMETHEPRIMARYGOALOFPUBLICOPINIONCONTROLTHISPAPERANALYZESTHEAPPLICATIONOFSOCIALNETWORKANALYSISANDSENTIMENTCLASSIFICATIONINTHERESEARCHOFBBSPUBLICOPINIONSPREADING,BUILDSUSERREPLYRELATIONNETWORKWITHREALDATABASEONTHETHEORY,THENMINESTHENETWORKCHARACTERISTICS,OPINIONLEADERS,GHOSTWRITERSANDOTHERIMPORTANTACTORSINTHENETWORKTHENFEASIBILITYANDEFFECTIVENESSOFTHEMODELISVERIFIEDBYEXPERIMENTSKEYWORDSEMERGENCYBBSPUBLICOPINIONSPREADINGSOCIALNETWORKSTRUCTUREIINTRODUCTIONINTHEALLKINDSOFINTERNETINFORMATIONDISSEMINATIONCHANNELS,USINGMOBILETERMINALSASSOCIATIONRELATIONSHIPAMONGTHECOMMUNITIESFEWSTUDIESHAVEBEENDONEOFTHEBBSNETWORKMODELINGRONG7PRESENTSTWOKINDSOFMETHODSTOCONSTRUCTBBSMEMBERNETWORK，WHICHAREREPLYRELATIONANDCOMMONREPLYRELATIONBASEDONTHRESHOLDOFREPLYNUMBERFEATURESABOUTCOMPLEXNETWORKBASEDONTHETWOCONSTRUCTINGMETHODSAREDISCUSSEDANDANALYZED,BUTITISSHORTOFTHEDEEPMININGOFTHENODEPROPERTIESWU8RESEARCHTHEERRORANDATTACKTOLERANCEOFREPLYNETWORKONBBSTHERESULTSSHOWTHATATTACKSCANBREAKDOWNTHENETWORKINSECONDS,ESPECIALLYTHEREPLYNETWORKONBBS,WHICHMEANSTHEREPLYNETWORKOWNEDWEAKERATTACKTOLERANCEANDSTRONGERERRORTOLERANCEAIMINGTOREDUCETHEDAMAGEBYATTACKED,WEMUSTPROTECTTHEIMPORTANTNODESINTHENETWORK,WHICHHAVEPROVEDTHESTRONGPRACTICALSIGNIFICANCEOFTHEOPINIONLEADERSINDENTIFICATIONONTHEOTHERHANDBTHEUSERS’REPLYNETWORKMODELTHEPAPERBUILDSTHEUSERREPLYNETWORKASFOLLOWSEVERYREGISTEREDUSERIDENTIFICATIONIDCORRESPONDSTOANODE,ANDTHEREPLYRELATIONABSTRACTSINTODIRECTEDEDGEWHOSEDIRECTIONISFROMTHEREPLYIDTOTHEPOSTERINORDERTOEXPRESSNETWORKRELATIONCLEARLY,THEPAPERDELETESTHEANONYMOUSREPLYFIG1SHOWSTHEUSERS’REPLYRELATIONSHIP,ANDITINTUITIVELYDESCRIBESTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHEUSERSREPLY,WHEREAISTHEPOSTERTHEB,CANDDARETHEREPLIERSTHE“－”O(jiān)NTHELINEINFIG1MEANSTHECORRESPONDINGREPLYISOPPOSING,WHATWILLBEBENEFICIALTOIDENTIFYTHEOPINIONLEADERSINEMOTIONALINCLINATIONAMONGTHEM,THESINGLEPOSTCANMANUALCALIBRATIONACCORDINGTOTHEREPLYCONTENTOBVIOUSNEGATIVEMEANINGANDMULTIPLEPOSTSCANCREATENEGATIVEWORDTABLESFORAUTOMATICCALIBRATION

簡介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設計外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標題DEVELOPMENTOFAMULTIFUNICTIONSIGNALGENERATORBASEDONSTM32WITHHIGHPERFORMANCE外文作者LONGCONGCHEN,GAIQINLIU文獻出處ENGINEERINGANDTECHNOLOGYSCET,2018SPRINGCONGRESS如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文2676單詞，17402字符字符就是印刷符，中文4550漢字。（如果字數(shù)多了，可自行刪減，大多數(shù)學校都是要求選取外文的一部分內(nèi)容進行翻譯的。）DEVELOPMENTOFAMULTIFUNICTIONSIGNALGENERATORBASEDONSTM32WITHHIGHPERFORMANCEABSTRACTTOOVERCOMESHORTAGESOFAVAILABLEGENERALSIGNALGENERATORS,WHICHCANNOTOUTPUTVARIOUSPHYSIOLOGICALSIGNALS,ANDOFMULTIFUNCTIONPHYSIOLOGICALONES,WHICHCANNOTOUTPUTNOTCOMMONSIGNALS,ANOVELOPENINGMULTIFUNCTIONSIGNALGENERATORISPUTFORWARDINTHISPAPERTHISSIGNALGENERATORISMAINLYCOMPOSEDOFMICROCOMPUTERSTM32F103RDANDWAVEFORMGENERATOR,MAX038,AHIGHFREQUENCY,PRECISIONFUNCTIONGENERATOR,WHICHCANPRODUCEACCURATE,HIGHFREQUENCYTRIANGLE,SAWTOOTH,SINE,SQUARE,ANDPULSEWAVEFORMSWITHMINIMUMOFEXTERNALCOMPONENTSASARESULT,THISINSTRUMENTMAYOUTPUTNOTONLYCOMMONSIGNAL,SUCHASSINE,SQUARE,TRIANGLEANDSAWTOOTHSIGNAL,BUTALSOMANYKINDSOFPHYSIOLOGICALSIGNALSSUCHASELECTROCARDIOSIGNAL,PULSEWAVESIGNALATTHESAMETIME,THEFREQUENCY,AMPLITUDEANDTYPEOFSIGNALAREDISPLAYEDBYLCD,ANDTHETYPEOFPHYSIOLOGICALSIGNALSCANBEMODIFIEDBYUSBCONNECTIONWITHWELLOPENPROPERTYESPECIALLY,ANOUTPUTINTERFACE,WHICHMAYBECONNECTEDTOEARPHONEDIRECTLY,ISPROVIDEDTHEREFORE,ITISCONVENIENTTOHEARSOUNDOFDIFFERENTFREQUENCYOFVARIOUSSIGNALS,ANDTOSTUDYONFREQUENCYCHARACTERISTICOFHUMANEARANDIMPEDANCEONEOFHUMANBODYINADDITION,EACHKINDOFPHYSIOLOGICALSIGNALWITHSEVERALVARIOUSFREQUENCIESISAVAILEDANDMAYBEOBSERVEDWITHANORMALOSCILLOSCOPETHUSITHASMANYMERITS,SUCHASTHESMALLVOLUME,STABLEPROPERTY,SIMPLEOPERATION,VISUALDISPLAYANDSOONCONSEQUENTLY,ITCANBEWIDELYUSEDINRESEARCHING,TEACHING,DEBUGGINGANDMAINTAININGTHISINSTRUMENTMAINLYBASEDONMICROCONTROLLERANDHIGHPERFORMANCEINTEGRATEDCHIPS,SUCHASSTM32F103RD,MAX038,K9W5608U1M,WHICHNOTONLYCANINCREASEITSINTELLIGENCE,PRECISION,STABILITY,BUTALSOREDUCEITSPOWERCONSUMPTIONANDVOLUMETHEMETHODFORTHISGENERATORINCLUDESTHEFOLLOWINGSIDESONTHEONEHAND,STM32F103RD,WHICHHASDOUBLEONCHIPDACWITH12BITRESOLUTIONSANDMAYGETDATAOFSIGNALSFROMEXTERNALMEMORYK9W5608U1M,CANOUTPUTPHYSIOLOGICANDSPECIALSIGNALSTHEN,THEYAREINPUTTOSIGNALSELECTORAFTERFILTERFINALLY,WECANOBTAINPHYSIOLOGICORSPECIALSIGNALSTHATMAYBEMODIFIED,DELETEDANDAPPENDEDBYUSARTORUSBONTHEOTHERHAND,CONTROLLEDBYMICROCONTROLLER,MAX038,AHIGHFREQUENCY,PRECISIONFUNCTIONGENERATOR,MAYPRODUCEGENERALSIGNALS,WHICHARESINE,TRIANGLE,SAWTOOTH,SQUARE,ANDPULSEWAVEFORMSONESAND,ITISALSOINPUTTOSIGNALSELECTOR,WHICHCHOICESONECHANNELSIGNALFROMTWOONESTOINPUTGAINREGULATORANDPOWERAMPLIFIERSINSEQUENCEASARESULT,THESIGNAL,WHICHMEETSUSER’SDEMANDAREGENERATEDMICROCONTROLLER,STM32F103RD,OUTPUTALLKINDSOFCOMMANDSANDDATASIGNALTOCONTROLRELATIVECHIPSFORGENERATINGNEEDEDSIGNALSTHEGAINREGULATORUNITFORADJUSTINGAMPLITUDEOFSIGNALS,POWERAMPLIFIERUNITFORENHANCINGABILITYOFDRIVINGLOAD,AMPLITUDEDETECTORUNITFORMEASURINGAMPLITUDEOFREALTIMEOUTPUTSIGNALS,KEYBOARDUNITFORUSER’SIMPUTINGCOMMAND,LCDMONITORUNITFORDISPLAYALLKINDSOFINFORMATIONWITHFM19264,ANDPOWERSOURCEUNITFORPROVIDINGOTHERPARTSWITHPOWERTOWORKAREDESIGNEDINTHISINSTRUMENTHARDWAREOFELEVENPARTSEFFECTIVELYENSURESTOREALIZETHEFUNCTIONOFOUTPUTTINGONECHANNELMEDICALORGENERALSIGNALTHESOFTWAREOFTHISINSTRUMENTWASDESIGNEDBYKEILUVISION3FORSTM32F103RDTHEFOLLOWINGBELOW,WEMAINLYDESCRIBESIXUNITSOFHARDWAREANDSOFTWAREOFTHISINSTRUMENTINDETAILBTHEPRIMARYHARDWARE

簡介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設計外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標題ANOVELPATHWAYTOPOWERCONTESTATIONANDADAPTATIONINCHINA’SINTERNATIONALIZATIONOFTHERMB外文作者CHRISTOPHERAMCNALLYANDJULIANGRUIN文獻出處REVIEWOFINTERNATIONALPOLITICALECONOMY,2019如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文7285單詞，41635字符字符就是印刷符，中文11763漢字。（如果字數(shù)多了，可自行刪減，大多數(shù)學校都是要求選取外文的一部分內(nèi)容進行翻譯的。）ANOVELPATHWAYTOPOWERCONTESTATIONANDADAPTATIONINCHINA’SINTERNATIONALIZATIONOFTHERMBABSTRACTINTHISARTICLE,WEINVESTIGATETHEDYNAMICSOFCONTESTATIONANDADAPTATIONTHATAREUNFOLDINGWITHINGLOBALFINANCIALMARKETSASCHINASEEKSTOINTERNATIONALIZEITSCURRENCY,THERENMINBIRMBORYUANWEDEVELOPACONCEPTUALFRAMEWORKTHATSTRESSESTHEPOTENTIALMALLEABILITYOFTHEGLOBALMONETARYSYSTEMECONOMICACTORSANDINTERNATIONALINSTITUTIONSARENOTSTATICBUTDYNAMICANDRESPONDTOEVENTSACCORDINGLY,WEHIGHLIGHTTWOUNDEREXPLOREDFEATURESOFRMBINTERNATIONALIZATIONFIRST,THEVARIEGATEDANDPOLITICIZEDNATUREOFCAPITALACCOUNTANDCURRENCYMANAGEMENTCONTROLSTHATCHINAISIMPLEMENTINGANDSECOND,THEMANNERINWHICHTHESEUNIQUECURRENCYMANAGEMENTSYSTEMSAREINTERACTINGWITHTHEIDEATIONALANDINSTITUTIONALUNDERPINNINGSOFHOWTRANSNATIONALFINANCIALMARKETSAREGENERATEDANDSTABILIZEDOURANALYTICALFRAMEWORKISTHENAPPLIEDTOEXAMINETHEINTERFACEOFCHINA’SONSHORE/OFFSHORERMBMARKETSWEARGUETHATCHINAISADOPTINGAUNIQUEMODEOFMONETARYGOVERNANCETHATREFLECTSADIFFERENTRELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHESTATEANDMARKETFROMTHATWHICHWESEEINTHEWESTATPRESENTWHILSTTHEPROSPECTSOFCHINA‘MUDDLINGTHROUGH’THISINTERNATIONALIZATIONPROCESSAREUNCERTAIN,ITREMAINSPOSSIBLETHATRMBINTERNATIONALIZATIONWILLTRANSFORMTHEGLOBALFINANCIALLANDSCAPEINDEEPLYQUALITATIVEASWELLASPURELYQUANTITATIVEWAYS,USHERINGINANERAOFMOREILLIBERALSTATEMANAGEDMONETARYRELATIONSESTABLISHANALTERNATIVEMULTILATERALINSTITUTIONALFOUNDATIONFORCHINESEFOREIGNECONOMICRELATIONS,SUCHASTHEASIANINFRASTRUCTUREINVESTMENTBANKANDTHENEWDEVELOPMENTBANK,ASWELLASTHEMOREDIRECTLYBILATERAL‘ONEBELT,ONEROAD’INITIATIVESTHROUGHTHESIMULTANEOUSPURSUITOFTHESEMULTIPLEPROGRAMMES,BEIJINGISADROITLYHEDGINGITSSTRATEGYFORGLOBALFINANCIALINTEGRATIONWHILETHELONGTERMCONTOURSOFTHISINTEGRATIONREMAINHIGHLYUNCERTAIN,THEECLECTICAVENUESPURSUEDBYCHINAINDICATETHATANUNADULTERATEDTRANSFORMATIONOFITSPOLITICALECONOMYTOREFLECTALIBERALCONCEPTIONOFMARKETSUPREMACYISHIGHLYUNLIKELYAMOREPROBABLEOUTCOMEISTHATCHINAWILLSTRATEGICALLYADAPTTOCERTAINELEMENTSOFTHELIBERALORDER,WHILEGLOBALECONOMICACTORSINTHEIRDESIRETOACCOMMODATEANDPROFITFROMCHINA’SFINANCIALCLOUTWILLPRODUCE‘LOCKIN’EFFECTSTHATCONSTRAINTHEIRPREFERENCESANDBEHAVIOUR,FORCINGTHEMTOADAPTTOCHINESEWAYSINOTHERWORDS,THEINTERNATIONALMONETARYSYSTEMENCOMPASSESPOTENTIALMALLEABILITYMARKETACTORSANDINTERNATIONALINSTITUTIONSARENOTSETINSTONETHEYAREDYNAMICANDADAPTTOEVENTSASCHINAGAINSINECONOMICHEFT,ITSUNIQUECURRENCYMANAGEMENTISLIKELYTOALTERTHEIDEATIONALANDINSTITUTIONALUNDERPINNINGSOFINTERNATIONALMONETARYRELATIONSAHYBRIDLOGICOFINSTITUTIONALEVOLUTIONCOULDBOTHRESHAPECHINA’SANDTHEGLOBE’SMONETARYSYSTEMSSOFAR,SUCHAPATHWAYTOTHERMB’SGLOBALMONETARYSIGNIFICANCEHASNOTBEENANALYTICALLYENTERTAINEDINTHELITERATUREBYINVESTIGATINGTHENATUREOFCHINA’S‘STATECENTRIC’MONETARYSYSTEM,ANDTHEPOTENTIALWAYSINWHICHITWILLCONFLICTANDHARMONIZEWITHTHEEXISTINGLIBERALSYSTEM,WESEEKTOPROVIDEAMORECOMPREHENSIVEANDNUANCEDPERSPECTIVEONHOWCHINA’SFINANCIALEMERGENCEWILLINFLUENCETHETWENTYFIRSTCENTURY’SGLOBALMONETARYORDERINTHEFOLLOWINGSECTIONS,WEDEVELOPANANALYTICFRAMEWORKFOREVALUATINGCHINA’SPROCESSOFCURRENCYINTERNATIONALIZATIONITSAIMISTOBETTEREXPLICATECONNECTIONSBETWEENMICROLEVELDYNAMICSOFCURRENCYDEMANDANDSUPPLYWITHINFINANCIALMARKETENVIRONMENTS,ANDTHEMACROLEVELTRAJECTORYOFAGGREGATECURRENCYINTERNATIONALIZATIONINSODOING,THEFRAMEWORKFOCUSESONTWOUNDEREXPLOREDFEATURESOFRMBINTERNATIONALIZATIONAND,INDEED,CURRENCYINTERNATIONALIZATIONMOREGENERALLYFIRST,THEPOTENTIALFORVARIEGATEDSTATEMANAGEDCAPITALACCOUNTANDCURRENCYMANAGEMENTCONTROLSTORESHAPEFOREIGNEXCHANGEMARKETDYNAMICSANDSECOND,THEMANNERINWHICHSUCHUNIQUECURRENCYMANAGEMENTSYSTEMSINTERACTWITHTHEMALLEABLEUNDERPINNINGSOFTHEINTERNATIONALMONETARYSYSTEM

簡介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設計外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標題STUDYONTHETAXPLANNINGOFENTERPRISEINCOMETAX外文作者HONGCENGCAOXIAOHUIXU外文文獻出處INTERNATIONALJOURNALOFBUSINESSANDMANAGEMENT,2018,45147156如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文3544單詞，22234字符字符就是印刷符，中文5138漢字。（如果字數(shù)多了，可自行刪減，大多數(shù)學校都是要求選取外文的一部分內(nèi)容進行翻譯的。）STUDYONTHETAXPLANNINGOFENTERPRISEINCOMETAXABSTRACTTHEENTERPRISEINCOMETAXOCCUPIESVERYIMPORTANTSTATUSINTHETAXPAYINGOFENTERPRISE,ANDITHASLARGESPACEOFTAXPLANNINGUNDERTHEBACKGROUNDTHATTHENEWENTERPRISEINCOMETAXLAWWASISSUED,WEDISCUSSEDTHEPROBLEMHOWTOUSETAXPLANNINGTOREDUCETHETAXBURDENOFENTERPRISEANDREALIZETHEMAXIMIZATIONOFTHETOTALPROFITFORTHEENTERPRISEINTHISARTICLE,WESTUDIEDTHETAXFINANCINGINTHESTAGEOFENTERPRISEFINANCINGFROMTHESELECTIONOFFINANCINGMODEANDTHECONFIRMATIONOFFINANCINGCHANNEL,ANDPUTFORWARDTHATTHEENTERPRISESHOULDSELECTTHELIABILITYFINANCINGMODETOTHELARGESTEXTENTINTHECRITICALRISKRANGEOFEQUITYSTRUCTUREWESTUDIEDTHETAXPLANNINGINTHESTAGEOFINVESTMENTOFENTERPRISEFROMTHREEASPECTSINCLUDINGCORRECTLYSELECTINGTHEINVESTMENTDIRECTION,CONFIRMINGPROPERENTERPRISEORGANIZATIONFORMANDSELECTINGTAXSAVINGINVESTMENTSUBJECTWESTUDIEDTHETAXPLANNINGFROMTWOASPECTSSUCHASINCOMEANDCHARGEDEDUCTIONWESTUDIEDTHETAXPLANNINGINTHEDISTRIBUTIONSTAGEOFENTERPRISEMANAGEMENTRESULTFROMFIRSTUTILIZINGTAXABLEINCOMETOCOMPENSATETHELOSS,THELOSSRECOVERINGSEQUENCEOFDOMESTICINVESTMENTPROFITRETURNANDTHEPROFITDISTRIBUTIONSTRATEGYINTHELOWTAXREGIONFORABOVEASPECTS,WEALLPUTFORWARDOUROWNNEWTHEORETICALOPINIONSMAKESTHETAXPLANNINGOFFINANCINGMODE,ITMUSTENSURETHATTHEEQUITYSTRUCTUREISINTHECRITICALRISKRANGE12TAXPLANNINGOFENTERPRISEFINANCINGCHANNELTHEFINANCINGCHANNELSOFENTERPRISEMAINLYINCLUDEBANKLOAN,SELFACCUMULATIONOFENTERPRISE,INTERENTERPRISELENDING,INTERIORCOLLECTIONOFENTERPRISE,BONDORSTOCKISSUANCEANDCOMMERCIALCREDITUNDERUSUALSITUATION,THESEQUENCEOFTHETAXBURDENFROMHEAVYTOLIGHTISSELFACCUMULATIONOFENTERPRISE,BANKLOAN,INTERENTERPRISELENDINGANDINTERIORCOLLECTIONOFENTERPRISETHEPRINCIPLEOFTAXPLANNINGOFFINANCINGCHANNELISTHATUNDERTHEPREMISETHATTHEEQUITYSTRUCTUREISTOSELECTTHECHANNELWITHHIGHERPROFITANDLOWERHARMINTHECRITICALRISKRANGE,THROUGHCOMPARINGTHEADVANTAGESANDDISADVANTAGESOFVARIOUSFINANCINGCHANNELS2TAXPLANNINGINTHEINVESTMENTSTAGEOFENTERPRISEFORTHETAXPLANNINGINTHEINVESTMENTSTAGEOFENTERPRISE,WEMAINLYCONSIDERTHREEASPECTS,IETHESELECTIONOFINVESTMENTDIRECTION,THESELECTIONOFENTERPRISEORGANIZATIONFORMANDTHESELECTIONOFINVESTMENTMODE21SELECTINGCORRECTINVESTMENTDIRECTIONTHENEWENTERPRISEINCOMETAXESTABLISHEDTHENEWTAXPREFERENCEWHICHGAVEPRIORITYTOTHEINDUSTRIALPREFERENCE,ASSISTEDBYTHEREGIONALPREFERENCE,GIVINGATTENTIONTOTHESOCIALADVANCEMENTINVESTORSSHOULDSELECTTHEINVESTMENTINDUSTRYTOREDUCETHETAXBURDENACCORDINGTOTHEREGULATIONSABOUTTHENATIONALINDUSTRIALPOLICIESANDTAXPREFERENCE,ANDRESPONSETHEINDUSTRIALPOLICYGUIDANCEOFTHEGOVERNMENTFIRST,BECAUSETHEINDUSTRIALSELECTPOSSESSESSTRATEGICMEANINGSFORTHEDEVELOPMENTTRENDOFTHEENTERPRISE,SOWHENTHEINVESTORSMAKETHEDECISIONOFINDUSTRIALINVESTMENT,THEYSHOULDSCIENTIFICALLYDEMONSTRATETHEINVESTMENTANDCAREFULLYMAKETHEDECISION,ANDTHEYSHOULDCONSIDERNOTONLYTHEIROWNINDUSTRIALADVANTAGES,BUTALSONATIONALINDUSTRIALSUPPORTPOLICIES,INDUSTRIALTAXPREFERENCEPOLICIES,ANDMAKETHERARERESOURCESOFTHEENTERPRISETOTHEGREENSUNRISEINDUSTRIESSUCHASTHEAGRICULTURE,SCIENTIFICTECHNOLOGY,ENVIRONMENTPROTECTIONANDENERGYSAVINGSECOND,THEENTERPRISEINCOMETAXREGULATEDREGIONALPREFERENCEFORCHINESEWESTERNREGIONS,MINORITYREGIONSANDSPECIALECONOMICZONES,ANDTHEENTERPRISESHOULDSTUDYOUTMULTIPLESELECTABLEINVESTMENTPROGRAMSINPOSSIBLEINVESTMENTREGIONS,ANDITSHOULD

簡介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設計外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標題INTRODUCTIONTOTHEPROFITMODELINCOMEANDEXPENDITURESOURCESANDMODES外文作者GUIPINGLIN,WEIWEI,WUXIANGZHU文獻出處THEPRINCIPLEOFPROFITMODELS,2018PP115如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文3970單詞，24757字符字符就是印刷符，中文6706漢字。（如果字數(shù)多了，可自行刪減，大多數(shù)學校都是要求選取外文的一部分內(nèi)容進行翻譯的。）INTRODUCTIONTOTHEPROFITMODELINCOMEANDEXPENDITURESOURCESANDMODESOURPREVIOUSBOOKS,DISCOVERINGBUSINESSMODELS1,RECONSTRUCTINGBUSINESSMODELS,BUSINESSMODELOFPHILANTHROPY3,ANDAPPROACHINGBUSINESSMODELSFROMANECONOMICPERSPECTIVE4WEREPUBLISHEDBETWEEN2009AND2012THEYSYSTEMATICALLYILLUSTRATEDANDANALYZEDTHE“SIXELEMENTSOFTHEWEIZHUBUSINESSMODEL”THEBOOKSBECAMEBESTSELLERS,ANDNOWWEFEELITISNECESSARYTOINTRODUCETHEPRINCIPLEOFTHECOREELEMENTSINANOVERALLTHEORETICALBUSINESSMODELFRAMEWORKANDTHECHARACTERISTICBUSINESSMODELSWEWILLBEGINWITHTHEPRINCIPLESOFPROFITMODELSTHEPROFITMODELISONEOFTHECOREELEMENTSDESCRIBEDINTHESIXELEMENTSOFTHEWEIZHUBUSINESSMODELWHICHFOCUSESONTRANSACTIONPRICINGBYSTAKEHOLDERSINTHETRANSACTIONSTRUCTURETHEANALYSIS,INNOVATIONANDDESIGNOFAPROFITMODELCANUSUALLYTRANSLATEINTOHUGECORPORATEVALUEFORKEYENTERPRISES,ANDBRINGENORMOUSTRANSACTIONALVALUETOALLSTAKEHOLDERSTHEINNOVATIONANDDESIGNOFAPROFITMODELNORMALLYFOLLOWSSPECIFICRULESIFTHEDOUBANCOMARETHEMOSTREPRESENTATIVEASPROFITMODELS,THEYFALLINTOTHESAMECATEGORYASSOURCESOFINCOMEANDEXPENDITURE,THEYBOTHDERIVETHEIRINCOMEFROMTHIRDPARTYCUSTOMERS,WITHENTERPRISEANDITSTHIRDPARTYPARTNERSPAYINGRELEVANTCOSTS,ASINDICATEDBYPM5INTHEPROFITMODELCHARTBELOWTHEIRINCOMEANDEXPENDITUREMODEISTHESHARINGAPPROACHTHETOP100PROFITMODELRELIESSOLELYONADVERTISINGREVENUEITISCLEARANDSPECIFIC,ANDSHARESADREVENUEWITHGOOGLE,RECORDCOMPANIESANDITSPARTNERSSEARCHSERVICESWEREJOINTLYLAUNCHEDBYTOP100ANDGOOGLE,ANDATTRACTEDFIVEADVERTISERSINCLUDINGNOKIA,APPLEANDVOLKSWAGENTHISBOOSTEDADVERTISINGREVENUEFROMMUSICSERVICESTO25MILLIONRMBUS402,000OPERATINGCOSTSMAINLYINCLUDEDINPUTFORBUILDINGTHEMUSICDATABASE,WHICHWASUNDERTAKENJOINTLYBYTHEENTERPRISEANDITSINVESTMENTPARTNERS,ANDEXPENSESLATERONFORWEBSITEMAINTENANCEANDTECHNOLOGYDEVELOPMENTHOWEVER,THEBUSINESSMODELOFTHESETWOCOMPANIESVARIESSIGNIFICANTLYTOP100ISLIKEAMUSICALWALMARTSTORE,ANDPROVIDESONESTOPMUSICSERVICESTOMUSICLOVERS,INCLUDINGFREE,ORIGINALANDHIGHQUALITYMUSICPREVIEWS,DOWNLOADS,MUSICINFORMATION,MUSICVIDEOS,MUSICGAMES,ANDMUSICSHARINGTHISHASHELPEDTHESITEGROWAMASSIVECUSTOMERBASE

簡介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設計外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標題PLCBASEDMULTIFLOORELEVATORCONTROLSYSTEM外文作者KUSUMTHARANI,SHREYGUPTA,ANMOLPURI,RINKISHKHERA,ARUNKUMAR文獻出處INTERNATIONALJOURNALOFROBOTICSANDAUTOMATIONIJRAVOL4,NO3,SEPTEMBER2017,PP202208如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文1984單詞，12175字符字符就是印刷符，中文3102漢字。PLCBASEDMULTIFLOORELEVATORCONTROLSYSTEMABSTRACTTHISPAPERPRESENTSPROGRAMMABLELOGICCONTROLLERBASEDELEVATORCONTROLSYSTEMPRIMARYFOCUSISONUSINGPROGRAMMABLELOGICCONTROLLERTOBUILDTHEELEVATORMODELTOCONTROLTHEMOTIONOFTHEELEVATORTHROUGHVARIOUSLEVELSDCGEAREDMOTORISUSEDPUSHBUTTONSAREUSEDTOGIVESIGNALTOTHEELEVATORTOCOMETOTHEDESIREDFLOOR,TRAVERSINGUPANDDOWNMOREOVERDCRELAYSAREUSEDASSWITCHES,NOTPROTECTIVEDEVICES,TODRIVETHEMOTORINCLOCKWISEANDANTICLOCKWISEDIRECTIONLADDERLOGICISUSEDFORTHEMODELIMPLEMENTATIONKEYWORDDCGEAREDMOTOR，DCRELAY，LADDERDIAGRAM，PLCELEVATORINTERFACING，PROGRAMMABLELOGICCONTROLLERPLC，SWITCHEDMODEPOWERSUPPLYSMPS1INTRODUCTIONDUETORAPIDPOPULATIONGROWTHINCITIESANDPRESENCEOFMULTISTORIEDBUILDINGS,THE2DESIGNANDCONSTRUCTIONOFSOFTWAREANDHARDWAREMODELTHEPROJECTINCLUDESTHEDESIGNOFTHELADDERDIAGRAMONASOFTWAREINSTALLEDONTHECOMPUTERITISDOWNLOADEDTOTHEPLC,ANDCONNECTEDVIACOMMUNICATIONINTERFACEITALSOINCLUDESTHEINTERFACINGOFVARIOUSHARDWAREDEVICESWHICHAREDISCUSSEDINTHESECTIONSBELOW21SOFTWAREMODELTHISSECTIONDISCUSSESABOUTTHEDEVELOPMENTOFLADDERLOGICDIAGRAMTHERELEVANTPLCHASBEENINCORPORATEDBASEDONTHEREQUIREMENTSOFTHELOGICHERERSLOGIX500HASBEENINCORPORATEDTODEVELOPANDDOWNLOADLADDERLOGICTOTHEPLCTHEPROGRAMISDIVIDEDINTOTWOPARTS,UPWARDTRAVERSALOFTHEELEVATORANDDOWNWARDTRAVERSALOFTHEELEVATOREACHPARTISDIVIDEDINTOTHREECASES,ONEFLOORTRAVERSAL,TWOFLOORTRAVERSALANDTHREEFLOORTRAVERSALACOUNTERISUSEDTOINDICATETHEFLOORONWHICHTHEELEVATORISCURRENTLYPRESENTTABLE1SHOWSTHEINPUTADDRESSANDCOUNTERVALUECORRESPONDINGTOFLOORNUMBERTHELADDERDIAGRAMINCLUDESTHEEQUALITYBLOCK,WHICHWILLWORKONLYWHENTHEACCUMULATORVALUEOFTHECOUNTER,HEREREPRESENTEDASC50ACC,EQUALSTHEUSERDEFINEDINTEGERVALUESIXTIMERSHAVEBEENUSED,THREEINUPWARDMOTIONANDTHREEINDOWNWARDMOTIONOFELEVATORTHETIMERTIMINGBITTTBITISUSEDTORUNTHEMOTOROUTPUTADDRESSO0/0ANDO0/1AREUSEDFORTHEUPWARDANDDOWNWARDMOTIONOFMOTORRESPECTIVELY211UPWARDMOTIONFIG2,FIG3ANDFIG4DESCRIBETHELOGICTHATHASBEENDEVELOPEDFORONEFLOOR,TWOFLOORANDTHREEFLOORTRAVERSALRESPECTIVELY,ANDTABLE2REPRESENTSTHEOPERATIONOFTHEELEVATORFORUPWARDMOTION

簡介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設計外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標題FINANCIALRISKIDENTIFICATIONANDCONTROLOFCROSSBORDERMERGERANDACQUISITIONENTERPRISES外文作者ADELINADUMITRESCU–PECULEA文獻出處AUDITFINANCIAR,XIV,NR12144/2019,13681377如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文4269單詞，28056字符字符就是印刷符，中文6814漢字。（如果字數(shù)多了，可自行刪減，大多數(shù)學校都是要求選取外文的一部分內(nèi)容進行翻譯的。）FINANCIALRISKIDENTIFICATIONANDCONTROLOFCROSSBORDERMERGERANDACQUISITIONENTERPRISESABSTRACTMERGERSANDACQUISITIONSMCHENCHUANXING,2014FROMTHEABOVEITCANBENOTICEDTHATTHEEXISTINGRESEARCHEMPHASIZESTHETHEORETICALSTUDYOFTHEFINANCIALRISKS,FROMTHEPERSPECTIVESOFPRICING,FINANCING,PAYINGANDINTEGRATIONSPECIFICEMPIRICALANALYSESOFFINANCIALRISKSASSOCIATEDWITHCROSSBORDERMA,BASEDONCOMBININGQUANTITATIVEANDQUALITATIVEMETHODSARERELATIVELYRAREBESIDES,THEPRECAUTIONARYMEASURESTOCONTROLTHEFINANCIALRISKSAREMEREGENERALSUGGESTIONS,THEINTEGRATEDANDOPERABLEMEASURESARESTILLNOTCLEARTHEREFORE,THISPAPERANALYSESTHEFINANCIALRISKOFCROSSBORDERMATHROUGHACASESTUDYSPECIFICALLY,ITANALYSESTHEMERGEROFBOHAILEASINGLTDWITHSEACOLTDONSEPTEMBER27,2013,ITOFFERSSUGGESTIONSTOCONTROLTHEFINANCIALRISKSANDPROVIDESALEARNINGEXPERIENCEFORCROSSBORDERACQUIRERS

簡介：INTERNATIONALJOURNALOFMACHINETOOLSRECEIVEDINREVISEDFORM20FEBRUARY2004ACCEPTED22APRIL2004ABSTRACTTYPICALLY,THETERM‘‘HIGHSPEEDDRILLING’’ISRELATEDTOSPINDLECAPABILITYOFHIGHCUTTINGSPEEDSTHESUGGESTEDHIGHSPEEDDRILLINGMACHINEHSDMEXTENDSTHISTERMTOINCLUDEVERYFASTANDACCURATEPOINTTOPOINTMOTIONSTHENEWHSDMISCOMPOSEDOFAPLANARPARALLELMECHANISMWITHTWOLINEARMOTORSASTHEINPUTSTHEPAPERISFOCUSEDONTHEKINEMATICANDDYNAMICSYNTHESISOFTHISPARALLELKINEMATICMACHINEPKMTHEKINEMATICSYNTHESISINTRODUCESANEWMETHODOLOGYOFINPUTMOTIONPLANNINGFORIDEALDRILLINGOPERATIONANDACCURATEPOINTTOPOINTPOSITIONINGTHEDYNAMICSYNTHESISAIMSATREDUCINGTHEINPUTPOWEROFTHEPKMUSINGASPRINGELEMENT2004ELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVEDKEYWORDSPARALLELKINEMATICMACHINEHIGHSPEEDDRILLINGKINEMATICANDDYNAMICSYNTHESIS1INTRODUCTIONDURINGTHERECENTYEARS,ALARGEVARIETYOFPKMSWEREINTRODUCEDBYRESEARCHINSTITUTESANDBYINDUSTRIESMOST,BUTNOTALL,OFTHESEMACHINESWEREBASEDONTHEWELLKNOWNSTEWARTPLATFORM1CONFIGURATIONTHEADVANTAGESOFTHESEPARALLELSTRUCTURESAREHIGHNOMINALLOADTOWEIGHTRATIO,GOODPOSITIONALACCURACYANDARIGIDSTRUCTURE2THEMAINDISADVANTAGESOFSTEWARTTYPEPKMSARETHESMALLWORKSPACERELATIVETOTHEOVERALLSIZEOFTHEMACHINEANDRELATIVELYSLOWOPERATIONSPEED3,4WORKSPACEOFAMACHINETOOLISDEFINEDASTHEVOLUMEWHERETHETIPOFTHETOOLCANMOVEANDCUTMATERIALTHEDESIGNOFAPLANARSTEWARTPLATFORMWASMENTIONEDIN5ASANAFFORDABLEWAYOFRETROFITTINGNONCNCMACHINESREQUIREDFORPLASTICMOULDSMACHININGTHEDESIGNOFTHEPKM5ALLOWEDADJUSTABLEGEOMETRYTHATCOULDHAVEBEENOPTIMALLYRECONFIGUREDFORANYPRESCRIBEDPATHTYPICALLY,CHANGINGTHELENGTHOFONEORMORELINKSINACONTROLLEDSEQUENCEDOESTHEADJUSTMENTOFPKMGEOMETRYTHEAPPLICATIONOFTHEPKMSWITH‘‘CONSTANTLENGTHLINKS’’FORTHEDESIGNOFMACHINETOOLSISLESSCOMMONTHANTHETYPEWITH‘‘VARYINGLENGTHLINKS’’ANEXCELLENTEXAMPLEOFA‘‘CONSTANTLENGTHLINKS’’TYPEOFMACHINEISSHOWNIN6RENAULTAUTOMATIONCOMAUHASBUILTTHEMACHINENAMED‘‘URANESX’’THEHSDMDESCRIBEDHEREINUTILIZESAPARALLELMECHANISMWITHCONSTANTLENGTHLINKSDRILLINGOPERATIONSAREWELLINTRODUCEDINTHELITERATURE7ANEXTENSIVEEXPERIMENTALSTUDYOFHIGHSPEEDDRILLINGOPERATIONSFORTHEAUTOMOTIVEINDUSTRYISREPORTEDIN8DATAWASCOLLECTEDFROMHUNDREDSCONTROLLEDDRILLINGEXPERIMENTSINORDERTOSPECIFYTHEPARAMETERSREQUIREDFORQUALITYDRILLINGIDEALDRILLINGMOTIONSANDGUIDELINESFORPERFORMINGHIGHQUALITYDRILLINGWEREPRESENTEDIN9THROUGHTHEORETICALANDEXPERIMENTALSTUDIESINTHESYNTHESISOFTHESUGGESTEDPKM,WEFOLLOWTHESUGGESTIONSIN9THEDETAILEDMECHANICALSTRUCTURESOFTHEPROPOSEDNEWPKMWEREINTRODUCEDIN10,11ONEPOSSIBLECONFIGURATIONOFTHEMACHINEISSHOWNINFIG1ITHASLARGEWORKSPACE,HIGHSPEEDPOINTTOPOINTMOTIONANDVERYHIGHDRILLINGSPEEDTHEPARALLELMECHANISMPROVIDESY,ANDZAXESMOTIONSTHEXAXISMOTIONISPROVIDEDBYTHETABLEFORACHIEVINGHIGHSPEED?CORRESPONDINGAUTHORTEL17346477325FAX17346150312EMAILADDRESSLIZHEUMICHEDUZLI08906955/SEEFRONTMATTER2004ELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVEDDOI101016/JIJMACHTOOLS200404007WHERENISTHENUMBEROFTHEMOVINGLINKSMI,IGIAREMASSANDMASSMOMENTOFINERTIAOFLINKIYGI,ZGIARETHECOORDINATESOFTHECENTEROFMASSOFLINKIHIISTHEROTATIONANGLEOFLINKIINTHEPKMMODULETHEGENERALIZEDFORCEQJCANBEDETERMINEDBYQJ??VQJTXNI?1F0IRIQJD9TWHEREVISTHEPOTENTIALENERGYANDF0IARETHENONPOTENTIALFORCESFORTHEDRILLINGOPERATIONOFTHEPKMMODULE,WEHAVEQ1Q2????GP5I?2MI_ZGI_Y1?FCUT_ZG3_Y1TF1?GP5I?2MI_ZGI_Y6?FCUT_ZG3_Y6TF689D10TWHEREFCUTISTHECUTTINGFORCE,F1ANDF6ARETHEINPUTFORCESEXERTEDONTHEPKMBYTHELINEARMOTORSEQS1TO10FORMTHEKINEMATICANDDYNAMICEQUATIONSOFTHEPKMMODULEWITHRIGIDLINKS22EQUATIONSOFMOTIONOFTHEPKMMODULEWITHELASTICLINKSTHEDYNAMICDIFFERENTIALEQUATIONSOFACOMPLIANTMECHANISMCANBEDERIVEDUSINGTHEFINITEELEMENTMETHODANDTAKETHEFORMOF?M?N?NF€DGN?1T?C?N?NF_DGN?1T?K?N?NFDGN?1?FRGN?1D11TWHEREM,CANDKARESYSTEMMASS,DAMPINGANDSTIFFNESSMATRIX,RESPECTIVELY{D}ISTHESETOFGENERALIZEDCOORDINATESREPRESENTINGTHETRANSLATIONANDROTATIONDEFORMATIONSATEACHELEMENTNODEINGLOBALCOORDINATESYSTEM{R}ISTHESETOFGENERALIZEDEXTERNALFORCESCORRESPONDINGTO{D}NISTHENUMBEROFTHEGENERALIZEDCOORDINATESELASTICDEGREESOFFREEDOMOFTHEMECHANISMINOURFEAMODEL,WEUSEFRAMEELEMENTSHOWNINFIG3INWHICHEIEISTHEBENDINGSTIFFNESSEISTHEMODULUSOFELASTICITYOFTHEMATERIAL,IEISTHEMOMENTOFINERTIA,QISTHEMATERIALDENSITY,LEISTHEORIGINALLENGTHOFTHEELEMENTDII?1,2,,6ARENODALDISPLACEMENTSEXPRESSEDINLOCALCOORDINATESYSTEMX,YTHEMASSMATRIXANDSTIFFNESSMATRIXFORTHEFRAMEELEMENTWILLBE6?6SYMMETRICMATRICESWHICHCANBEDERIVEDFROMTHEKINETICENERGYANDSTRAINENERGYEXPRESSIONSASEQS12AND13DDTT_D???TD????M?EF€DGD12TUD????K?EFDGD13TWHERETISTHEKINETICENERGYANDUISTHESTRAINENERGYOFTHEELEMENTFDG??D1D2D3D4D5D6?T,ARETHELINEARANDANGULARDEFORMATIONSOFTHENODEATTHEELEMENTLOCALCOORDINATESYSTEMDETAILEDDERIVATIONSCANBEFOUNDIN14TYPICALLY,ACOMPLIANTMECHANISMISDISCRETIZEDINTOMANYELEMENTSASINFINITEELEMENTANALYSISEACHELEMENTISASSOCIATEDWITHAMASSANDASTIFFNESSMATRIXEACHELEMENTHASITSOWNLOCALCOORDINATESYSTEMWECOMBINETHEELEMENTMASSANDSTIFFNESSMATRICESOFALLELEMENTSANDPERFORMCOORDINATETRANSFORMATIONSNECESSARYTOTRANSFORMTHEELEMENTLOCALCOORDINATESYSTEMTOGLOBALCOORDINATESYSTEMTHISGIVESTHESYSTEMMASSMANDSTIFFNESSKMATRICESCAPTURINGTHEDAMPINGCHARACTERISTICSINACOMPLIANTSYSTEMISNOTSOSTRAIGHTFORWARDEVENTHOUGH,INMANYAPPLICATIONS,DAMPINGM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簡介：“““48A75B734,C，7A91’4“，4’1’，“I（）I’JJH’EEK’“K’““，（J）34’“’’J，’E，’，’“’0“’’4’IK““H“／EKK““K“,（E）I’“,（）4’“,（）9“）67’），（P）34’“’E123452678984“48726422“，EAAQ，S8JP，T,J

簡介：1999EUROPEANWINDENERGYCONFERENCEANDEXHIBITIONEWEC99,MARCH15,1999,NICE,FRANCE1/4DESIGNOPTIMISATIONOFANOFFSHOREWINDENERGYCONVERTERBYMEANSOFTAILOREDDYNAMICSMKüHNINSTITUTEFORWINDENERGY,DELFTUNIVERSITYOFTECHNOLOGYSTEVINWEG1,2628CNDELFT,THENETHERLANDSTEL31152785170FAX31152785347EMAILMKUEHNCTTUDELFTNLWWWCTTUDELFTNL/WINDENERGY/IVWHOMEHTMABSTRACTTAILORINGTHEDYNAMICSOFANOFFSHOREWINDENERGYCONVERTERCANOFFERANEFFECTIVEDESIGNOPTIMISATIONDURINGTHESUCCESSIVESTAGESOFTHEDESIGNPROCESSCONCERNINGTHEPARTICULARPROBLEMOFFATIGUEDUETOCOMBINEDWINDANDWAVELOADINGTWOSIMPLIFIEDAPPROACHESAREPROPOSEDANDDEMONSTRATEDWHICHAREWELLSUITEDFORTHEEARLYDESIGNSTAGESWHENINTEGRATED,NONLINEARTIMEDOMAINSIMULATIONSARETOOCUMBERSOMETHISENABLESTHEUSEOFSTANDARDDESIGNTOOLSFROMTHEWINDENERGYANDOFFSHORETECHNOLOGYCOMMUNITIESBYSUPERPOSITIONOFSEPARATEANALYSESOFHYDRODYNAMICFATIGUEINTHEFREQUENCYDOMAINANDAERODYNAMICFATIGUEINTHETIMEDOMAINKEYWORDSOFFSHORE,OPTIMIZATION,DYNAMICMODELS,FATIGUE1INTRODUCTIONANIMPORTANTSTEPTOWARDSCOSTCOMPETITIVELARGESCALEOFFSHOREWINDFARMSLIESINTHEAPPLICATIONOFANINTEGRATEDDESIGNAPPROACHCONSIDERINGTHEENTIRESYSTEM,INCLUDINGTHEINDIVIDUALOFFSHOREWINDENERGYCONVERTERSOWEC,GRIDCONNECTIONANDOPERATIONANDMAINTENANCEASPECTSWITHINSUCHAMETHODOLOGYTHEDESIGNPROCESSISCONTROLLEDBYMAJORASPECTSOFTHETOTALSYSTEM,EGENERGYCOSTS,POWERQUALITYANDPERSISTENCE,SYSTEMRELIABILITYWITHREGARDTOTHEOFFSHOREWINDENERGYCONVERTER,IESUPPORTSTRUCTUREANDWINDTURBINE,THEOVERALLDYNAMICBEHAVIOURISANIMPORTANTDESIGNCRITERIONDURINGTHEOPTIOWECSPROJECT1,ANINTEGRATEDDESIGNAPPROACHWASDEMONSTRATEDANDDESIGNWASOPTIMISEDBYTAILORINGOWECDYNAMICSTABLEIILLUSTRATESHOWTHEECONOMICPERFORMANCE,BUTALSOTHEEFFORTINVOLVEDINTHEDESIGNCALCULATIONS,INCREASEDDURINGTHESUCCESSIVEDEVELOPMENTOFTHREEOWECCONCEPTSDURINGTHEPROJECTONLYTHEPOWERFULBUTEXPENSIVEMETHODOFTHEINTEGRATED,NONLINEARTIMEDOMAINSIMULATIONSWASAVAILABLEANDITBECAMEAPPARENTTHATANALYTICALTOOLSFORTHEENTIREOWECWITHDIFFERENTLEVELSOFCOMPLEXITYAREREQUIREDCONCERNINGTHEPARTICULARPROBLEMOFFATIGUEDUETOCOMBINEDWINDANDWAVESLOADING,THISPAPERPROPOSESTWOAPPROACHESANDILLUSTRATESEACHOFTHEMBYANEXAMPLEFORAFIRMBACKGROUNDANDFULLDETAILSTHEREADERISREFERREDTO2TABLEICOMPARISONOFOWECCONCEPTS2ESSENTIALSOFOWECDYNAMICSOVERALLDYNAMICSSHOULDBECONSIDEREDFROMTHEOUTSETOFTHEDESIGNWORKOBVIOUSLYTHEEXTENSIONOFTHEAPPLIEDMODELSANDINVESTIGATIONSWILLBELIMITEDATTHEBEGINNINGANDCANBECOMESOPHISTICATEDNEARTHEENDINEACHCASE,ONEHASTOBEAWAREOFANUMBEROFASPECTSPARTICULARTOOWECDUETOLACKOFSPACETHESEISSUESCANBEDESCRIBEDHEREONLYBRIEFLYWHILETHERESTOFTHEPAPERISDEALINGEXCLUSIVELYWITHFATIGUEDUETOCOMBINEDWINDANDWAVELOADINGNONETHELESSITISIMPORTANTTOKEEPINMINDTHATASUCCESSFULDESIGNPROCESSREQUIRESABALANCEDTREATMENTOFALLASPECTSMENTIONEDENVIRONMENTALDESCRIPTIONINGENERAL,THEENVIRONMENTALCONDITIONSOFOFFSHORESITESDIFFERMORESIGNIFICANTLYTHANFORONSHORESITESDIRECTIONALCHARACTERISTICSOFWINDANDWAVECONDITIONSFIGURE1AREPRONOUNCEDDUETOCHANGESINFETCH,ROUGHNESSANDWATERDEPTHTHUSFOREACHCONSIDEREDSITEAPARTICULARSETOFENVIRONMENTALCONDITIONSMUSTBEESTABLISHEDANDREFINEDDURINGTHEDESIGNPROCESSHIGHQUALITYDATABASESOFCORRELATEDENVIRONMENTALCONDITIONSAREEXTREMELYUSEFUL3GBSSOFTSTIFFMONOTOWERSOFTSTIFFMONOPILESOFTSOFTMONOPILEDESIGNDRIVEREXTREMEWAVEAERODYNFATIGUEAERODYNHYDRODYNFATIGUE,STIFFNESSSUPPORTSTRUCTURECOST1005040ENERGYCOST1008580
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簡介：JOURNALOFMEMBRANESCIENCE216200355–65MODELLINGOFAMEMBRANEBIOREACTORSYSTEMFORMUNICIPALWASTEWATERTREATMENTTWINTGENSA,?,JROSENA,TMELINA,CBREPOLSB,KDRENSLAB,NENGELHARDTBADEPARTMENTOFCHEMICALENGINEERING,INSTITUTFüRVERFAHRENSTECHNIK,RHEINISCHWESTF?LISCHETECHNISCHEHOCHSCHULEAACHEN,TURMSTRASSE46,52056AACHEN,GERMANYBERFTVERBAND,BERGHEIM,GERMANYRECEIVED3MAY2002RECEIVEDINREVISEDFORM14JANUARY2003ACCEPTED16JANUARY2003ABSTRACTWITHINTHEPRESENTEDSTUDYAMODELTODESCRIBETHEFILTRATIONPERFORMANCEOFSUBMERGEDCAPILLARYHOLLOWFIBREMODULESINMEMBRANEBIOREACTORAPPLICATIONSFORWASTEWATERTREATMENTWASDEVELOPEDTHEMODELWASIMPLEMENTEDINASOFTWAREPLATFORMFORSIMULATIONANDCALIBRATEDUSINGOPERATINGDATAOFTHEFULLSCALEMUNICIPALWASTEWATERTREATMENTPLANTR?DINGEN,WHICHISOPERATEDBYTHEERFTRIVERASSOCIATIONERFTVERBANDANDEQUIPPEDWITHACTIVATEDSLUDGETREATMENTANDMICROFILTRATIONUNITSFORBIOMASSRETENTIONMATHEMATICALEXPRESSIONSFORFILTRATIONRESISTANCESLIKECAKELAYERFORMINGANDFOULINGAREPRESENTEDANDCOMBINEDWITHANACTIVATEDSLUDGEMODELASMTODESCRIBETHEBIOLOGICALTREATMENTPROCESSESTHEMODELPROVEDSUCCESSFULINSIMULATINGTHELONGTERMDECREASEINPERMEABILITYOFTHEMEMBRANESANDTHEFINALEFFLUENTQUALITYINTERMSOFSTANDARDPARAMETERS?2003ELSEVIERSCIENCEBVALLRIGHTSRESERVEDKEYWORDSMEMBRANEBIOREACTORWASTEWATERTREATMENTFOULINGMODELMICROFILTRATIONSIMULATION1INTRODUCTIONMEMBRANEBIOREACTORSYSTEMSAREINCREASINGLYAPPLIEDFORMUNICIPALWASTEWATERTREATMENT,WITHSUBMERGEDMEMBRANEUNITSFEATURINGRATHERLOWTRANSMEMBRANEPRESSURETMPDIFFERENCESANDFEEDSIDEDAIRPULSINGPREDOMINANTLYBEINGEMPLOYEDTHECOMBINATIONOFACTIVATEDSLUDGEUNITSANDMEMBRANEFILTRATIONFORBIOMASSRETENTIONGENERALLYRESULTSINHIGHEFFLUENTQUALITIESANDCOMPACTPLANTCONFIGURATIONSWHILEINVESTMENTCOSTSAREALREADYLOWERTHANFORCONVENTIONALWASTEWATERTREATMENTPLANTSWITHSECONDARYCLARIFICATION,OPERATINGCOSTSARESTILLHIGHER?CORRESPONDINGAUTHORTEL492418096233FAX492418092252EMAILADDRESSWINTGENSIVTRWTHAACHENDETWINTGENSDUETOMEMBRANEREPLACEMENTCOSTSANDHIGHENERGYDEMANDFORAERATION1FOULINGPHENOMENAONTHEMEMBRANESURFACEANDWITHINTHEPORESREDUCETHELONGTERMSTABILITYOFFLUXPERFORMANCEPERMEATEBACKFLUSHINGANDCHEMICALCLEANINGARESTANDARDPROCEDURESAPPLIEDTOMINIMISETHESEEFFECTSANDSTABILISEOVERALLPERMEABILITYOFTHEMEMBRANESYSTEMS,BUTRESULTINLOSSESOFNETFILTRATIONEFFICIENCYANDPOSSIBLEDAMAGETHEMEMBRANEBYCLEANINGAGENTSNEITHERTHEEVOLUTIONOFMEMBRANEPERMEABILITYUNDERCERTAINOPERATINGCONDITIONSNORTHEEFFECTOFCLEANINGMEASURESCANNOWADAYSBEPREDICTEDTHESEUNCERTAINTIESCAUSECONSIDERABLEDIFFICULTIESINPLANTLAYOUT,DESIGNANDOPERATIONFORMANYINDUSTRIALPROCESSESASWELLASFORCONVENTIONALWASTEWATERTREATMENTMODELSAREUSEDTOSIMULATEPROCESSPERFORMANCEANDTODERIVEOPTIMISATION03767388/03/–SEEFRONTMATTER?2003ELSEVIERSCIENCEBVALLRIGHTSRESERVEDDOI101016/S0376738803000462TWINTGENSETAL/JOURNALOFMEMBRANESCIENCE216200355–655721ACTIVATEDSLUDGEMODELTHEACTIVATEDSLUDGEMODEL3ASM3WASFREQUENTLYUSEDASABASISFORTHEDESCRIPTIONOFPROCESSESINTHEBIOLOGICALSTAGELIKETHEFIRSTVERSIONOFTHEACTIVATEDSLUDGEMODELASM1,THEASM3HASBEENDESIGNEDASATOOLFORDESCRIPTIONANDSIMULATIONOFAEROBICANDANOXICSTAGESINMUNICIPALWASTEWATERTREATMENT5UNLIKEINASM1,THEENDOGENOUSRESPIRATIONCONCEPTISUSED,INTRODUCINGSTORAGESUBSTANCESASMAJORCOMPONENTSTHEYWEREUSEDINASM2FORTHEFIRSTTIMEANDARESPECIFICALLYIMPORTANTFORCELLMETABOLISMINCONDITIONSOFLOWORGANICLOADS,WHICHARETYPICALLYENCOUNTEREDINTHEOPERATIONOFMEMBRANEBIOREACTORSFORMUNICIPALWASTEWATERTREATMENTINORDERTOMINIMISEEXCESSSLUDGEPRODUCTIONEXTRACELLULARPOLYMERICSUBSTANCESEPS,PRODUCEDBYMICROORGANISMSINBIOLOGICALWASTEWATERTREATMENTSYSTEMS,EXERTACRITICALINFLUENCEONTHEFLUXRATEACHIEVEDINMEMBRANEFILTRATIONOFACTIVATEDSLUDGESUSPENSIONSANDARENOTYETINCLUDEDINTHEDESCRIPTIONOFBIOTRANSFORMATIONPROCESSESTHEIRGENERATIONISSUPPOSEDTOBESTRONGLYDEPENDENTONTHEMETABOLICSTAGE,WHICHCORRELATESWITHTHEORGANICLOADINGRATEOFTHEBIOLOGICALTREATMENTSYSTEM6THEASM3INITSBASICVERSIONCONSIDERS12MICROBIALTRANSFORMATIONPROCESSESWITH13DISSOLVEDANDFIG1METABOLICPATHWAYSACCORDINGTOACTIVATEDSLUDGEMODEL31PARTICULARCOMPONENTSINVOLVEDINTHEDECOMPOSITIONOFCARBONANDNITROGENCOMPOUNDSINWASTEWATERTHEBIOCHEMICALPROCESSESUNDERGONEBYTHEASM3COMPONENTSAREVISUALIZEDINFIG1WHILEAUTOTROPHICORGANISMSUSEINORGANICSUBSTANCESASTHEMAINENERGYSOURCE,HETEROTROPHICORGANISMSUTILISEREDUCEDCARBONSOURCESFORGROWTHANDENDOGENOUSRESPIRATIONTHEREACTIONSDESCRIBEDBYASM3REPRESENTASYSTEMOFCOUPLEDORDINARYDIFFERENTIALEQUATIONS,WHICHCANBENUMERICALLYSOLVEDFORAGIVENSETOFINITIALCONCENTRATIONSINTHEBIOREACTORHENCE,ADYNAMICCALCULATIONOFTHETIMEDEPENDENTCONCENTRATIONSCHEMESFORTHEINDIVIDUALCOMPONENTSCANBEACCOMPLISHED22MODELLINGOFTHEFILTRATIONPROCESSINMEMBRANEBIOREACTORSINMEMBRANEBIOREACTORCONFIGURATIONSFORMUNICIPALWASTEWATERTREATMENTMICROORULTRAFILTRATIONMEMBRANESAREUSEDTORETAINTHEBIOMASSINTHESYSTEM,LEADINGTOACONSIDERABLYHIGHTOTALSUSPENDEDSOLIDCONCENTRATIONINTHEBIOREACTORSTHEFILTRATIONPERFORMANCE,NAMELY,THEPERMEABILITYANDITSEVOLUTIONOFLONGPERIODSOFTIME,ISTHEMAINFOCUSOFINTERESTDUETOITSCRUCIALIMPORTANCEFORSYSTEMRELIABILITYANDECONOMICFEASIBILITY1THEUNDERSTANDINGANDQUANTITATIVEDESCRIPTIONOFPERFORMANCE

簡介：INFLUENCEOFDIFFERENTOUTDOORDESIGNCONDITIONSONDESIGNCOOLINGLOADANDDESIGNCAPACITIESOFAIRCONDITIONINGEQUIPMENTSMEHMETAZMIAKTACIRA,,ORHANBU¨YU¨KALACAB,HU¨SAMETTINBULUTA,TUNCAYYILMAZBAHARRANUNIVERSITY,DEPARTMENTOFMECHANICALENGINEERING,OSMANBEYCAMPUS,S?ANLIURFA,TURKEYBC?UKUROVAUNIVERSITY,DEPARTMENTOFMECHANICALENGINEERING,ADANA,TURKEYRECEIVED14MARCH2007ACCEPTED30OCTOBER2007AVAILABLEONLINE20FEBRUARY2008ABSTRACTOUTDOORDESIGNCONDITIONSAREIMPORTANTPARAMETERSFORENERGYEFFICIENCYOFBUILDINGSTHERESULTOFINCORRECTSELECTIONOFOUTDOORDESIGNCONDITIONSCANBEDRAMATICINVIEWOFCOMFORTANDENERGYCONSUMPTIONINTHISSTUDY,THEINFLUENCEOFDIFFERENTOUTDOORDESIGNCONDITIONSONAIRCONDITIONINGSYSTEMSISINVESTIGATEDFORTHISPURPOSE,COOLINGLOADSANDCAPACITIESOFAIRCONDITIONINGEQUIPMENTSFORASAMPLEBUILDINGLOCATEDINADANA,TURKEYARECALCULATEDUSINGDIFFERENTOUTDOORDESIGNCONDITIONSRECOMMENDEDBYASHRAE,THECURRENTDESIGNDATAUSEDINTURKEYANDTHEDAILYMAXIMUMDRYANDWETBULBTEMPERATURESOFJULY21ST,WHICHISGENERALLYACCEPTEDASTHEDESIGNDAYTHECOOLINGCOILCAPACITIESOBTAINEDFROMTHEDIFFERENTOUTDOORDESIGNCONDITIONSCONSIDEREDINTHISSTUDYARECOMPAREDWITHEACHOTHERTHECOSTANALYSISOFAIRCONDITIONINGSYSTEMSISALSOPERFORMEDITISSEENTHATTHESELECTIONOFOUTDOORDESIGNCONDITIONSISAVERYCRITICALSTEPINCALCULATIONOFTHEBUILDINGCOOLINGLOADSANDDESIGNCAPACITIESOFAIRCONDITIONINGEQUIPMENTS?2007ELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVEDKEYWORDSWEATHERDESIGNDATAHVACSYSTEMCOOLINGLOADCOSTANALYSIS1INTRODUCTIONLOCALCLIMATICCONDITIONSAREIMPORTANTPARAMETERSFORTHEENERGYEFFICIENCYOFBUILDINGSBECAUSETHEENERGYCONSUMPTIONINBUILDINGSDEPENDSONCLIMATICCONDITIONSANDTHEPERFORMANCEOFHEATINGVENTILATINGANDAIRCONDITIONINGHVACSYSTEMSCHANGESWITHTHEMASWELL,BETTERDESIGNINBUILDINGHVACAPPLICATIONSTHATTAKEACCOUNTOFTHERIGHTCLIMATICCONDITIONSWILLRESULTINBETTERCOMFORTANDMOREENERGYEFFICIENTBUILDINGSOUTDOORDESIGNCONDITIONSAREWEATHERDATAINFORMATIONFORDESIGNPURPOSESSHOWINGTHECHARACTERISTICFEATURESOFTHECLIMATEATAPARTICULARLOCATIONTHEYAFFECTBUILDINGLOADSANDECONOMICALDESIGNTHERESULTOFINCORRECTSELECTIONOFOUTDOORCONDITIONSCANBEDRAMATICINVIEWOFENERGYANDCOMFORTIFSOMEVERYCONSERVATIVE,EXTREMECONDITIONSARETAKEN,UNECONOMICDESIGNANDOVERSIZINGMAYRESULTIFDESIGNLOADSAREUNDERESTIMATED,EQUIPMENTANDSYSTEMOPERATIONWILLBEAFFECTEDHOWEVER,SELECTINGTHECORRECTTYPEOFWEATHERDATAISADIFFICULTPROBLEMTOOVERCOMETHEPROBLEM,YOSHIDAANDTERAI1CONSTRUCTEDANAUTOREGRESSIVEMOVINGAVERAGEARMATYPEWEATHERMODELBYAPPLYINGASYSTEMIDENTIFICATIONTECHNIQUETOTHEORIGINALWEATHERDATALIETAL2STUDIEDCLIMATICEFFECTSONCOOLINGLOADDETERMINATIONINSUBTROPICALREGIONSTHEYFOUNDTHATTHEOUTDOORCLIMATICCONDITIONSDEVELOPEDFORCOOLINGLOADESTIMATIONSARELESSSTRINGENTTHANTHECURRENTOUTDOORDESIGNDATAANDAPPROACHESADOPTEDBYLOCALARCHITECTURALANDENGINEERINGPRACTICESZOGOUANDSTAMATELOS3PROVIDEDACOMPARATIVEDISCUSSIONONTHEEFFECTOFCLIMATICCONDITIONSONTHEDESIGNOPTIMIZATIONOFHEATPUMPSYSTEMSANDSHOWEDTHATCLIMATICCONDITIONSSIGNIFICANTLYAFFECTTHEPERFORMANCEOFHEATPUMPSYSTEMS,WHICHSHOULDLEADTOMARKEDLYDIFFERENTSTRATEGIESFORDOMESTICHEATINGANDCOOLING,IFANOPTIMIZATIONISSOUGHTONSUSTAINABILITYGROUNDSLAM4STUDIED01968904/SEEFRONTMATTER?2007ELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVEDDOI101016/JENCONMAN200710021CORRESPONDINGAUTHORTEL904143440020FAX904143440031EMAILADDRESSAKTACIRHARRANEDUTRMAAKTACIRWWWELSEVIERCOM/LOCATE/ENCONMANAVAILABLEONLINEATWWWSCIENCEDIRECTCOMENERGYCONVERSIONANDMANAGEMENT4920081766–1773BUILDINGS’’9TABLE1SHOWSTHEOVERALLHEATTRANSFERCOEFFICIENTSOFTHEHIGHSCHOOLENVELOPE3OUTDOORDESIGNCONDITIONSINTHEANALYSIS,THEVARIOUSOUTDOORDESIGNCONDITIONDATASETSOFADANAWEREUSEDDETAILSOFTHEDATASETSAREGIVENINTABLE2ASSHOWNINTHETABLETHEREAREFIVEDATASETSTHEFIRSTDATASETISTHECURRENTOUTDOORDESIGNCONDITIONSCURRENT8USEDBYPROJECTENGINEERSINTURKEYTHESECONDANDTHIRDDATASETSAREOUTDOORDESIGNCONDITIONSFORCOOLINGASHRAE_04,ASHRAE_1,ASHRAE_2ANDEVAPORATIONSYSTEMSRECOMMENDEDBYASHRAE7ATTHE04,1AND2FREQUENCYLEVELSASHRAE_EVAP_04,ASHRAE_EVAP_1,ASHRAE_EVAP_2,RESPECTIVELYTHEFOURTHDATASETISTHEMAXIMUMDRYBULBANDWETBULBTEMPERATURES,WHICHAREGIVENBYASHRAE7ATTHE04,1AND2FREQUENCYLEVELSASHRAE_MAX_04,ASHRAE_MAX_1,ASHRAE_MAX_2,RESPECTIVELYTHELASTDATASETISTHEDAILYMAXIMUMDRYANDWETBULBTEMPERATURESOFJULY21STDAILYMAXASDESIGNDAYDATA,WHICHARECALCULATEDFROMTHEMETEOROLOGICALDATAOBTAINEDFROMTHETURKISHSTATEMETEOROLOGICALSERVICETURKISHINITIALS‘DM_I’4AIRCONDITIONINGSYSTEMTHESAMPLEBUILDINGISCONDITIONEDBYANALLAIRCONDITIONINGSYSTEMWITHCONSTANTAIRVOLUMECAVTHESYSTEMCOMMONLYCONSISTSOFANAIRHANDLINGUNITAHU,AIRCOOLEDCHILLERSYSTEM,SUPPLYANDRETURNFANS,DUCTANDCONTROLUNITSFIG2ISASCHEMATICOFANALLAIRCENTRALAIRCONDITIONINGSYSTEMSHOWINGTYPICALOPERATINGCONDITIONSTHERETURNEDROOMAIRSTATERISMIXEDWITHTHEREQUIREDOUTDOORAIRSTATEOATTHEAIRHANDLINGUNITTHEMIXEDAIRSTATEMPASSESTHROUGHTHECOOLINGCOILTHEOUTDOORAIRISUSUALLYWARMERANDMOREHUMIDTHANTHERETURNAIRUNDERTYPICALOPERATIONCONDITIONSTHEREFORE,THECOOLINGPROCESSTABLE1OVERALLHEATTRANSFERCOEFFICIENTSUOFTHESAMPLEBUILDINGENVELOPEWALLROOFFLOORWINDOWUW/M2K07830508075728TABLE2VARIOUSOUTDOORDESIGNCONDITIONSFORADANA,TURKEYNODESCRIPTIONOFTHEDATASETNAMEOFTHEDATASETRISKLEVELDB?CWB?C1CURRENTDESIGNDBMAXWBMAXCURRENT–3802602ASHRAECO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