簡介：RECEIVEDMARCH1,2015ACCEPTEDMARCH25,2015SPONSOREDBYJIANGXIPROVINCIALSOFTSCIENCERESEARCHPROGRAM20131562040003“TWELFTHFIVEYEARPLAN”GENERALPROJECTOFJIANGXIPROVINCIALSOCIALSCIENCERESEARCHPROGRAMCORRESPONDINGAUTHOREMAILCXG2006090268126COMAGEINGOFPOPULATIONHASBECOMEORWILLBEASERIOUSPROBLEMINMANYCOUNTRIESCHINAASTHEMOSTPOPULOUSCOUNTRYOFTHEWORLDHASENTEREDTHEAGEINGSOCIETYSINCE2003FORMALLY,ACCORDINGTOTHESPECIFICATIONSOFTHEUNITEDNATIONS,ANDTHEELDERSABOVE60YEARSINCHINAACHIEVED200,000,000THECURRENTAGEINGPROBLEMSINCHINAWILLLEADTOGREATCHANGESOFTHEOLDAGESUPPORTCONCEPTSANDMODELS,ANDTHEELDERLYGROUP’SNEEDSFORECONOMICSUPPORT,HEALTHCARE,LIVINGSUPPORTANDPSYCHOLOGICALHEALTHHAVEGROWNGRADUALLY,THUSLANDSCAPEDESIGNOFTHEELDERLYCOMMUNITYSHOULDTAKETHEIRBEHAVIORCHARACTERISTICSINTOCONSIDERATION,ANDADOPTCORRESPONDINGSTRATEGIESTOMEETENVIRONMENTALNEEDSOFTHESENIORSINDIFFERENTLEVELS1GENERALSITUATIONOFELDERLYCOMMUNITYELDERLYCOMMUNITYREFERSTOLIVINGSPACESSPECIALLYBUILTFORTHESENIORSWITHSOUNDLIVINGFACILITIES,IMPROVINGPUBLICSUPPORTINGFACILITIES,ANDMODERNCHARACTERISTICS1ITISANEWSETTLEMENTTYPEANDLIFESTYLEOFTHESENIORS,OWNSVARIOUSSECURITYANDSERVICEFACILITIESSUCHASPOSTOFFICE,SUPERMARKET,NURSINGAGENCY,ANDBANKTHATSCATTEREDFAMILIESDONOTHAVE,ANDALSOWARMFAMILYLIKEATMOSPHERETHATCOMMONNURSINGAGENCIESDONOTHAVECOMPAREDWITHCOMMONRESIDENTIALAREAS,THEELDERLYCOMMUNITIESSHOWTHEFOLLOWINGCHARACTERISTICSFIRST,MOSTRESIDENTSARESENIORS,ANDLIVEINTHEIROWNAPARTMENTSSECOND,THECOMMUNITIESAREDOMINATEDBYTHELIVINGTOGETHERRESIDENTIALBUILDINGSORCENTRALIZEDRESIDENTIALBUILDINGS,ANDBOTHCONCEPTSANDMETHODSOFARCHITECTURALDESIGNFOCUSONTHEELDERLYGROUPTHIRD,THEELDERLYCOMMUNITYHASNOTONLYBASICFUNCTIONSSPATIALLAYOUTOFENVIRONMENTALLANDSCAPESINELDERLYCOMMUNITYWEIANJIE1,CHENXIAOGANG1,HUANGYUXI21COLLEGEOFCITYCONSTRUCTION,JIANGXINORMALUNIVERSITY,NANCHANG,JIANGXI330022,CHINA2SCHOOLOFARCHITECTUREANDDESIGN,BEIJINGJIAOTONGUNIVERSITY,BEIJING100044,CHINAABSTRACTASCHINAENTERSTHEAGINGSOCIETY,THEOLDAGECAREPROBLEMSHAVEGROWNINCREASINGLYSERIOUSINFLUENCEDBYTHEONLYCHILDPOLICY,TRADITIONALOLDAGESUPPORTSYSTEMFAILSTOADAPTTONEWSOCIALSITUATION,THEINSTITUTIONSHAVEBECOMEMAJORSUBJECTSINTHEFUTUREOLDAGESUPPORTSYSTEMRESEARCHESONTHEELDERLYFITARCHITECTURALDESIGNHAVEACHIEVEDMANYFRUITS,BUTTHOSEONTHELANDSCAPEDESIGNOFTHEELDERLYCOMMUNITYHASBEENLESSREPORTEDTHISPAPERSTUDIEDLANDSCAPEDESIGNOFTHEOLDAGESUPPORTINSTITUTIONSFROMTHEPERSPECTIVEOFBOTHTHEORYANDPRACTICE,ANDTRIEDTOEXPLORETHESPATIALLAYOUTOFENVIRONMENTALLANDSCAPESINTHEELDERLYCOMMUNITYONTHEBASISOFSORTINGOUTSPECIFICPSYCHOLOGICALNEEDSOFTHEELDERLYGROUPINCHINAANDTHEIRNEEDSFORTHELAYOUTOFLANDSCAPESPACES,THISPAPERPROPOSEDSOMEEFFECTIVESOLUTIONSINVIEWOFSUCCESSFULELDERLYCOMMUNITIESINOVERSEASCOUNTRIES,THENANALYZEDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFELDERLYCOMMUNITIESINCHINA,SOASTOFIGUREOUTLANDSCAPEDESIGNAPPROACHESCAPABLEOFPROMOTINGPHYSICALANDMENTALHEALTHOFTHEELDERLYGROUPINTHEOLDAGESUPPORTINSTITUTIONSKEYWORDSELDERLYCOMMUNITY,LANDSCAPEDESIGN,SPATIALLAYOUTANDLIVINGFACILITIESASTHOSEINCOMMONRESIDENTIALAREAS,BUTALSOMEDICALSERVICESANDNURSINGSERVICESFORTHEELDERLY2ELDERLYCOMMUNITYWASPUTFORWARDEARLY,ANDSINCEDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIESENTEREDTHEAGEINGSOCIETYEARLIERTHANCHINADID,THEELDERLYCOMMUNITIESINTHEUNITEDSTATES,JAPAN,ANDSINGAPOREHAVEGROWNMATURE,ANDCONSTRUCTIONOFTHEELDERLYCOMMUNITYHASALWAYSBEENTAKENASANIMPORTANTAPPROACHOFIMPROVINGLIVINGENVIRONMENTOFTHEELDERLYGROUPTHESECOUNTRIESHAVEACCUMULATEDRICHEXPERIENCEINTHEPLANNINGANDDESIGNOFELDERLYCOMMUNITY,ANDPROVIDEDUSEFULREFERENCESFOROTHERCOUNTRIESMAKINGPOLICIESANDPLANSINVIEWOFTHEAGEINGOFSOCIETY2TYPICALOVERSEASCASESJAPANANDSINGAPOREASASIANCOUNTRIESHAVELESSCULTURALDIFFERENCESWITHCHINA,SOLANDSCAPEDESIGNOFTHEELDERLYCOMMUNITIESINBOTHCOUNTRIESPROVIDEUSEFFECTIVEEXPERIENCEINTHISFIELDFOREXAMPLE,INTERNALLANDSCAPEDESIGNOFSHIZUOKAKENNURSINGHOMEUSESCHANGEOFLIGHTANDSHADOWEFFECT,ANDPROPORTIONINGOFPLANTS,TOCREATEACOZYATMOSPHEREFORTHESENIORSTAKARAZUKASUNCITYSANATORIUMOFFERSREFERENCESFORDESIGNINGNURSINGHOMESINRENOVATIONOFOLDURBANDISTRICTSHOMEFARMINSINGAPORECOMBINESTHEELDERLYAPARTMENTWITHVERTICALURBANFARM,PROVIDESUSREFERENCESFORSETTLINGTHEAGEINGPOPULATIONANDENSURINGFOODSUPPLYFORTHESEPEOPLELAYOUTSOFELDERLYCOMMUNITIESINCHINASHOULDBEDESIGNEDBYCONSIDERINGCHARACTERISTICSOFTHECHINESESOCIETYANDLOCALELDERLYGROUPS21SHIZUOKAKENNURSINGHOMESPATIALLAYOUTOFTHEINDOORLANDSCAPESMAKESSHIZUOKAKENNURSINGHOMEANOUTSTANDINGCASEOFELDERLYCOMMUNITYTHEDESIGNERFOCUSESONTHEPSYCHOLOGICALEXPERIENCEOFTHEELDERLYCOMMUNITY3,USESTHECHANGESOFBUILDINGBROUGHTBYNATURALLANDSCAPES,LIGHTANDSHADOWTOATTRACTVISIONOFTHEOLD,ANDAROUSESTHEIRDESIREFORLIVINGFROMDAWNTODUSK,LIGHTOFVARIOUSFORMSAPPEARSASTHESUNMOVES,ANDGOESINTOTHEATRIUMANDINTERNALSPACES,SOTHEELDERLYCANFEELTHELIGHTANDWIND,THEPASSAGEOFTIME,ANDTHEIRLONELINESSWILLFADEAWAYCONSIDERINGNEEDSOFTHEELDERLYGROUP,THENARROWATRIUMISDECORATEDWITHVARIOUSPLANTS,ANDINSTALLEDWITHBENCHESFORTHERELAXATIONOFUSERSANDCITIZENSEACHUNITCONTAINSCANTEEN,KITCHEN,ANDLIVINGROOM,ANDINDEPENDENTROOMTHEREISABALCONYONEACHFLOORFORTHEELDERLYAPPRECIATINGINTERNALANDEXTERNALSCENERY22TAKARAZUKASUNCITYSANATORIUMTAKARAZUKASUNCITYSANATORIUMISA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HTH

簡介：INFLUENCEOFFRACTUREFILLINGONMECHANICALBEHAVIOROFLOESSMINGJINGJIANG1,HAIJUNHU2,JIANBINGPENG3,ANDXINXINWANG41PROFESSOR,DEPARTMENTOFGEOTECHNICALENGINEERING,TONGJIUNIVERSITY,SHANGHAI,200092,CHINAMINGJINGJIANGTONGJIEDUCN2PHDCANDIDATE,DEPARTMENTOFGEOTECHNICALENGINEERING,TONGJIUNIVERSITY,SHANGHAI,200092,CHINAHUHAIJUN163COM3DEAN,SCHOOLOFGEOLOGICALENGINEERINGANDSURVEYING,CHANG’ANUNIVERSITY,XI’AN,SHANXI,710054,CHINADICEXY_1CHDEDUCN4MASTERCANDIDATE,DEPARTMENTOFGEOTECHNICALENGINEERING,TONGJIUNIVERSITY,SHANGHAI,200092,CHINAWANGTIAN753214163COMABSTRACTNATURALLOESSANDNATURALLOESSWITHFILLINGATGROUNDFISSURESINJINGYANG,SHANXIPROVINCE,CHINA,WEREEXPERIMENTALLYSTUDIEDTOINVESTIGATETHEEFFECTOFCRACKFILLINGONTHEMECHANICALBEHAVIOROFLOESSANDTHECRACKDEVELOPMENTBYCONVENTIONALTRIAXIALCOMPRESSIONTESTCTC,REDUCEDTRIAXIALCOMPRESSIONTESTRTCANDREDUCEDTRIAXIALEXTENSIONTESTRTEUNDERCONSTANTWATERCONTENTCONDITIONTHETESTSWERECARRIEDOUTATTHECONSOLIDATIONPRESSURENEARINSITUSTRESSDIFFERENTFAILURETYPESWEREOBSERVEDINTHETESTSINTHECTCTEST,EACHSOILDEMONSTRATESSTRAINHARDENINGBEHAVIOURANDSHEARFAILUREPLANEISTHEINTERFACEBETWEENLOESSANDFILLINGFORTHENATURALLOESSWITHFILLINGSAMPLEINRTCTEST,EACHSOILBEHAVESSTRAINSOFTENINGSHEARFAILUREPLANESARECONJUGATEPLANESFORTHELOESSSAMPLEANDSHEARFAILUREPLANEISTHEINTERFACEBETWEENLOESSANDFILLINGFORTHENATURALLOESSWITHFILLINGSAMPLEINRTETEST,RUPTUREISOBSERVEDANDTHEFAILURESURFACEDOESNOTCROSSTHEFILLINGFORNATURALLOESSWITHFILLING,THATIS,THEFAILURESURFACELIESINLOESSTOTALLYTHESHEARSTRENGTHOFLOESSWITHFILLINGISALMOSTTHESAMEASTHATOFLOESSINTRODUCTIONALARGENUMBEROFGROUNDFISSURESHAVEBEENFOUNDINLOESSINCHINA,ESPECIALLYINTHESHANXIPROVINCEWANGETAL1989PENGETAL1992LIETAL2000ZHAOETAL2009MECHANICALANDPHYSICALPROPERTIESOFSOILSAROUNDGROUNDFISSUREHAVEBEENSTUDIEDLUETAL2009HUETAL2009LUETAL2009EXPERIMENTALLYSTUDIEDLOESSWITHFILLINGBYCONVENTIONALTRIAXIALCOMPRESSIONTESTSANDFOUNDTHATSTRESSSTRAINRELATIONCHANGESFROMSTRAINSOFTENINGTOSTRAINHARDENINGWITHTHEINCREASEOFCONSOLIDATIONPRESSURETHESHEARBANDOFTENAPPEARSATTHEINTERFACEBETWEENLOESSANDFILLINGFORTHESAMPLEWITHTHEINCLINATIONANGLEOFFILLING?60?UNDERLOWCONSOLIDATIONPRESSUREANDTHE117PAVEMENTANDGEOTECHNICALENGINEERINGFORTRANSPORTATIONDOWNLOADEDFROMASCELIBRARYORGBYTONGJIUNIVERSITYON02/05/15COPYRIGHTASCEFORPERSONALUSEONLYALLRIGHTSRESERVEDSPECIMENPREPARATIONANDCHARACTERISTICSOFTHETESTEDSOILSSAMPLINGLOCATIONANDPREPARATIONOFSPECIMENSTHESOILSUSEDINTHISRESEARCHARENATURALLOESSANDNATURALLOESSWITHFILLINGATGROUNDFISSURESINJINGYANG,CHINABLOCKSOFSAMPLESWERECOLLECTEDBYTHECUTTINGMETHODAFTERSTEPPEDEXPLORATORYTRENCHESHADBEENEXCAVATEDFIG1PRESENTSTHECROSSSECTIONOFGEOLOGY,THEDISTRIBUTIONOFFISSURESANDTHESAMPLINGLOCATIONTHEBIGDARKREGIONINBOTTOMLEFTOFTHEMAPISBIGCRACKFILLING,WHICHMAYFORMSAFTEREARTHQUAKEOTHERFISSURESFORMDUETOTENSIONSTRESSINHORIZONTALDIRECTIONAFTERTHEFORMATIONOFTHEBIGCRACKFILINGTHESEFISSURESARENEARLYVERTICAL,ANDTHEWIDTHOFFISSURESISABOUT1MM200MMANDDECREASESWITHDEPTHLOESSSAMPLECONTAININGFRACTUREFILLINGWASCOLLECTEDATF12FISSURE12INDEPTHOF105MTHELOESSISQ3LOESSMALANLOESSANDTHECOLORISYELLOWFILLINGABOUT57MMINWIDTHEXISTSINTHESAMPLEOFLOESSASILLUSTRATEDINFIG2NATURALLOESSSPECIMENSANDNATURALLOESSWITHFILLINGSPECIMENSWEREPREPAREDFORTHETRIAXIALTESTANDTHEANGLEBETWEENTHEPLANEOFFILLINGINLOESSANDTHEENDPLANEOFSPECIMENIS45?FORTRIAXIALSAMPLESOFLOESSWITHFILLINGCONVENTIONALLY,THEDIRECTIONINWHICHSTRESSREDUCEDISHORIZONTALDURINGEXCAVATIONANDCONSTRUCTIONOFTUNNELTHESAMPLINGDIRECTIONISSHOWNINFIG3FORTHECTCANDTHERTCSAMPLES,THESAMPLINGDIRECTIONISNEARLYVERTICALFORTHERTESAMPLES,THESAMPLINGDIRECTIONISHORIZONTALTHISCANENSURETHEDIRECTIONINWHICHSTRESSREDUCEDISALMOSTTHESAMEFORTHERTCTESTANDTHERTETESTDURINGTHESPECIMENPREPARATION,THEINITIALWATERCONTENTOFEACHSPECIMENWASMEASUREDAFTERPREPARATION,THESPECIMENWASWRAPPEDUPINTHEPLASTICFILMANDPLACEDINTHEMOISTCHAMBERTHEWATERCONTENTOFTHESPECIMENWASADJUSTEDTO15BYAIRDRYINGTHESPECIMENORADDINGWATERTOTHESPECIMENAFTERITSINITIALWATERCONTENTWASKNOWNTHENTHESPECIMENWASWRAPPEDUPINTHEPLASTICFILMAGAINANDSTAYEDINTHEMOISTCHAMBERFORMORETHANTWODAYSINORDERTOENSURETHATTHEWATERDISTRIBUTESEVENLYINTHESAMPLEMANYRESEARCHERSZHANGETAL2006YANGETAL2010ADOPTTHISMETHODTOOBTAINTHELOESSSAMPLEWITHSPECIFICWATERCONTENTFIG1SAMPLINGLOCATION,GEOLOGICALFIG2COLLECTEDSAMPLEPROFILEANDDISTRIBUTIONOFFISSURESFILLINGGEOTECHNICALPRACTICEPUBLICATIONNO8119PAVEMENTANDGEOTECHNICALENGINEERINGFORTRANSPORTATIONDOWNLOADEDFROMASCELIBRARYORGBYTONGJIUNIVERSITYON02/05/15COPYRIGHTASCEFORPERSONALUSEONLYALLRIGHTSRESERVED

簡介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復(fù)雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標(biāo)題ONTHEAPPLICATIONOFHALLSENSORINSPEEDMEASUREMENTFORDCSTEPPERMOTOR外文作者JUANWANG,MENGWANG,SHAOCONGBU,SHENGQUANZHANG,YANLIU文獻(xiàn)出處ADVANCEDMATERIALSRESEARCHVOLS9719732018PP613617如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文2013單詞，123127字符字符就是印刷符，中文3067漢字。ONTHEAPPLICATIONOFHALLSENSORINSPEEDMEASUREMENTFORDCSTEPPERMOTORKEYWORDSHALLEFFECT,SPEEDMEASUREMENTSYSTEM,HALLSENSOR,P89V51SINGLECHIPMICROCONTROLLERABSTRACTTHISPAPERDESCRIBESTHEWORKINGPRINCIPLEOFHALLSENSORANDITSAPPLICATIONINDCSTEPPERMOTORITDESIGNSASPEEDDETECTIONSYSTEMFORDCSTEPPERMOTORBASEDONP89V51SINGLECHIPMICROCONTROLLERSCM,IEHARDWARECIRCUITDIAGRAMANDSOFTWAREFLOWCHARTITUTILIZESHALLELEMENTSTOCOMPLETETHECONVERSIONFROMSPEEDTOPULSEANDTHENPROCESSTHEPULSESIGNALTOGETTHEQUANTITYOFPULSEDURINGUNITINTERVALBYMEANSOFCOMPARISONOFTESTANDTHEORETICALDATA,ITINDICATESTHATTHESPEEDMEASUREMENTSYSTEMISSATISFACTORYFORAPPLICATIONINREALITYINTRODUCTIONTHEHALLSENSORISMADETHROUGHINTEGRATION,ASSEMBLYANDPACKINGPROCESSBASEDONHALLEFFECTANDEASYTOCONVERTMAGNETICINPUTSIGNALTOBEMEASUREDINTOELECTRICINTHISEXPERIMENT,WEUSESTHECORRELATIONBETWEENEHANDBANDONOFFTYPEHALLSENSORWHENTHEHALLELEMENTISKEPTATCONSTANTEXCITATIONCURRENTANDLEFTMOVINGINTHEMAGNETICFIELDINUNIFORMGRADIENT,THENITSOUTPUTHALLVOLTAGEISDEPENDINGONITSPOSITIONINTHEMAGNETICFIELDUSINGTHISPRINCIPLE,WECANMEASUREMICROMETRICDISPLACEMENTANDOTHERSPECIFICATIONSTHATCANBECONVERTEDINTOMICROMETRICDISPLACEMENT,EGPRESSURE,SPEED,VIBRATION3THEONOFFTYPEHALLSENSORISMADEUPBYVOLTAGEREGULATOR,HALLELEMENT,DIFFERENTIALAMPLIFIER,SCHMITTTRIGGERANDOUTPUTSTAGEANDOUTPUTSDIGITALVALUE3BASEDONITSFEATURES,EGSMALLVOLUME,NOCONTACT,EXCELLENTDYNAMICPERFORMANCEANDLONGSERVICELIFE,THESENSORISMAINLYUSEDTOMEASUREREVOLUTION,SPEED,AIRSPEED,FLOWRATE,PROXIMITYSWITCH,DOORCLOSEALARM,WARNINGALARM,AUTOMATICCONTROLCIRCUITANDSOONITISALSOWIDELYUSEDINMEASURINGROTATIONALSPEEDOFROTARYOBJECTSSPEEDMEASUREMENTMETHODTHEREAREMANYMETHODSTOMEASURESPEEDTHEMETHODUSINGPULSECOUNTINGFORSPEEDMEASURINGMAINLYCONSISTSOFMETHODMFREQUENCYMEASUREMENT,METHODTPERIODMEASUREMENTANDMETHODM/TFREQUENCYPERIODMEASUREMENT4INTHISTEST,ITUSESMFREQUENCYMEASUREMENTSHOWNINASINFIG2FIG2SPEEDMEASUREMENTSCHEMATIC

簡介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復(fù)雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標(biāo)題DESIGNOFLIBRARYMANAGEMENTSYSTEM外文作者CHUNCHAOLIU,SHENGMA文獻(xiàn)出處OPENACCESSLIBRARYJOURNAL2018,VOLUME5,E4974如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文2892單詞，18033字符字符就是印刷符，中文4445漢字。DESIGNOFLIBRARYMANAGEMENTSYSTEMABSTRACTTHELIBRARYMANAGEMENTSYSTEMRUNSONTHEDOSSYSTEM,BASEDONTHECLANGUAGEASTHEMAINPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGEANDVISUALCASTHEDEVELOPMENTENVIRONMENTACCORDINGTOTHECHARACTERISTICSOFTHESYSTEM,WECONSTRUCTTHEDEVELOPMENTMODELANDTHENBUILDSTRUCTURALANALYSIS,SYSTEMFUNCTIONMODULESANDSYSTEMFLOWCHARTTHROUGHTHEDEMANDANALYSISOFTHESYSTEMTHROUGHTHEANALYSISOFEACHFUNCTIONMODULE,THEDEFINITIONANDATTRIBUTESOFTHEDATAANDTHEREALIZATIONOFEACHFUNCTIONAREDETERMINEDINTHEPAPER,THEDESIGNOFTHELIBRARYMANAGEMENTSYSTEMINCLUDESTHEUSERMODULE,THEADMINISTRATORMODULEANDTHEMODULEOFTOURISTSANDALSOACHIEVESTHEUSUALFUNCTIONINCLUDINGBORROWINGBOOKS,RETURNINGBOOKSANDBOOKSMANAGEMENTKEYWORDSLIBRARYMANAGEMENTSYSTEM,CLANGUAGE,VISUALC,DATASTRUCTURE1INTRODUCTIONWITHTHEIMPROVEMENTOFPEOPLE’SLEVELOFKNOWLEDGE,THELIBRARYHASBECOMEANANALYSISTOOLSANDINFORMATIONSHARINGALLOWEDMANAGERSTOGETRIDOFHEAVYDAILYWORKANDFOCUSONPLANNINGANDPOLICIESOFBOOKLENDINGFROMASTRATEGICPERSPECTIVEATFIRST,THELIBRARYMANAGEMENTSYSTEMSOFTWAREISMAINLYWRITTENINASSEMBLYLANGUAGEWITHTHEBIRTHOFCLANGUAGEANDITSADVANTAGESANDPOWERFULFEATURESFROM1,LIBRARYMANAGEMENTSYSTEMBASEDONTHECLANGUAGEPRODUCEDTHEAUTHOR2POINTEDOUTATTHISSTAGE,DIGITALLIBRARYMANAGEMENTSYSTEMISAPREREQUISITEFORSTUDENTSTOCREATEABETTERREADINGENVIRONMENTTHECOREISHOWTOMAKEITWITHTHEPERFECTCOMBINATIONOFTHEINTERNET,ANDTRULYACHIEVETIMELINESSANDACCURACYAUTHORSIN3AND4HAVEANALYZEDTHESTATUSOFTHEDIGITALCONSTRUCTIONOFUNIVERSITYLIBRARIES,ANDTRIEDTOPUTFORWARDTHEIROWNCONSTRUCTIONPLANSFORTHEDIGITALCONSTRUCTIONOFLOCALUNIVERSITYLIBRARIESTHEAUTHORSIN5POINTEDOUTTHATMANYMINIATURELIBRARIESHADBEGUNTOFULLYUNDERSTANDTHEIMPORTANCEOFCOMPUTERTECHNOLOGYINLIBRARYMANAGEMENT,ANDBEGANTOUSECOMPUTERTECHNOLOGYTOACHIEVETHEPRACTICALAPPLICATIONOFLIBRARYBOOKSHOWEVER,MINIATURELIBRARIESUSUALLYHAVEFEWERFUNDS,LACKOFPROFESSIONALMANAGEMENTANDHAVEOTHERISSUESTHEREAREMANYPROBLEMSOFUSINGSUCHALARGESYSTEM,SOSMALLANDMEDIUMSIZEDLIBRARIESDONOTHAVESUCHCONDITIONSTOCONFIGURELARGESCALESYSTEMSINVIEWOFTHISPROBLEM,THEDEVELOPMENTOFMINIATURELIBRARYMANAGEMENTSYSTEMHASBECOMEANURGENTAFFAIRSOMEAUTHORSIN6MENTIONEDITRESPECTIVELYSPECIFICSTHEDEVELOPMENTPROCESSOFTHELIBRARYMANAGEMENTFROMTHEDEMANDANALYSISANDSUMMARYDESIGNTOTHEDETAILEDDESIGNSYSTEMANDITMINUTELYINTRODUCESTHEINTERACTIONBETWEENTHEVARIOUSMODULESOFLIBRARYMANAGEMENTSYSTEMTHROUGHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHESYSTEM,ITSOLVESSOMECONTRADICTIONSINTHEMANAGEMENTOFLIBRARYDATAANDACHIEVESTHEEFFICIENTMANAGEMENTOFDATABASINGONVISUALBASIC60ANDSQLSERVER2000SYSTEMDEVELOPINGTOACHIEVEANEWLIBRARYMANAGEMENTSYSTEMISIMPERATIVETHEAUTHORIN7USEDMAINLYB/SSTRUCTUREANDASPNETSQLSERVERTECHNOLOGYASAWEBDEVELOPMENTTOOLTODEVELOPTHEPUBLICBOOKSYSTEMFIRSTLY,ITMAKESASYSTEMANALYSISANDDIVIDEDTHEMAINFUNCTIONOFTHESYSTEMTHEN,ITPROVIDESTHEKEYTECHNOLOGYOFTHESYSTEMDESIGNANDTHEDATABASEDESIGNOFTHESYSTEMIN8ANIMPLEMENTATIONPROCEDUREOFLIBRARYMANAGEMENTSYSTEMDATABASEDESIGNANDSYSTEMFUNCTIONWASINTRODUCEDITUSEDC/SANDB/SCOMBINEDTECHNOLOGYTOACHIEVETHEBOOKANDJOURNALSCOMPUTERNETWORKMANAGEMENTANDWEBQUERYFUNCTIONWITHTHEINCREASINGOFVOLUME,THEDIFFICULTYOFBOOKSRECORDERANDINQUIRYALSOINCREASEDTHENUSUALMETHODSCANNOTMEETTHEREQUIREMENTSIN9,THEAUTHORPOINTEDOUTTHATTHEDEVELOPMENTOFLIBRARYINFORMATIONSYSTEMMAINLYINCLUDESTWOASPECTSUSINGDATABASETECHNOLOGYANDDEVELOPINGAPPLICATIONSYSTEMSIN10,AUTHORSELABORATED

簡介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復(fù)雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標(biāo)題THEAPPLICATIONOFCHINESEELEMENTINFASHIONDESIGN外文作者GAIHANGLI,RUISHI1,GUOLIANLIU文獻(xiàn)出處ADVANCEDMATERIALSRESEARCHVOL3312011PP582585是國外的瑞士期刊如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文1683單詞，10877字符字符就是印刷符，中文2608漢字。THEAPPLICATIONOFCHINESEELEMENTINFASHIONDESIGNKEYWORDSCHINESEELEMENT,FASHIONDESIGN,INNOVATIVEAPPLICATIONABSTRACTASACOMBINATIONOFMATERIALITYANDSPIRITUALITY,COSTUMEISNOTJUSTAPRACTICALTHINGTOPROTECTUSBUTALSOTHEIDENTIFICATIONTAGOFSOCIALROLESANDTHECARRIEROFCULTURETRANSMISSIONINFASHIONDESIGN,WESHOULDINTEGRATEWITHTHEINTERNATIONALTRENDANDPAYMOREATTENTIONTOTHENATIONALCULTUREINORDERTOINHERITANDPROPAGATETHELOCALCULTURE,THISARTICLEANALYZESTHEINNOVATIVEAPPLICATIONOFTRADITIONALCHINESEELEMENTINFASHIONDESIGN,TRYTOPROMOTETHEDEVELOPMENTOFCHINESECOSTUMEENTERPRISESINTRODUCTIONTHECONCEPTOF“CHINESEELEMENT“WASPROPOSEDIN2007THECONCEPTPOINTSOUTTHATALLTHEIMAGES,SIGNSANDNATIONALCUSTOMSWHICHCONDENSETHETRADITIONALCULTURALSPIRIT,EMBODYTHEDIGNITYANDINTERESTOFCHINESENATION,ANDWASACCEPTEDBYTHEMAJORITYOFCHINESEPEOPLEINCLUDINGOVERSEASCHINESECANBEREGARDEDAS“CHINESEELEMENT“1ITNOTONLYINCLUDESTRADITIONALUTENSILS,CHARACTERSANDMARKS,MANUALFINALLYREACHTHEULTIMATEOF“HARMONYOFHUMANWITHNATURE”ITMAINLYREFLECTSINCOSTUMEBYDRESSANDPERSONALADORNMENTINSTITUTIONTOSHOWTHEDIFFERENCEOFDISPLAYHIERARCHY,YOUNGANDOLD,INTIMACY,TOCREATETHECONTENTSPACEOFRELATIONSHIPTRADITIONALCHINESECULTUREFOCUSESONINTERDEPENDENCEANDTHEUNITYOFOPPOSITESBETWEENCREATUREANDHUMANBEING,NATUREANDEXISTENCEOFALLTHING,ITEMPHASIZESSPATIALAWARENESSANDTHE“HARMONYOFHUMANWITHNATURE“THEREFORE,TRADITIONALCOSTUMEADVOCATESNATURALANDSIMPLE,RATIONALBUTFACILE,PURSUESOFTHE“INVISIBLEFORM“ANDARTISTICCONCEPTIONOFMETAPHYSICSITHASCONVEYEDTHECHINESESTYLEPHILOSOPHYOFIMPLICITANDSIMPLEREALMOFLIFEVIRTUALLYTHEAPPLICATIONOFTRADITIONALSILHOUETTEANDSTYLETHEDIFFERENTNATURALENVIRONMENTANDECONOMICBACKGROUNDOFEASTERNANDWESTERNCIVILIZATIONSCREATINGTHEDIFFERENTIDEOLOGY,AESTHETICPHILOSOPHYANDUNIVERSALCONSCIOUSNESSTHEDIFFERENCEISALSOREFLECTEDINTHETHREEDIMENSIONALSHAPEOFTRADITIONALUTENSILSANDTHECLOTHINGSTYLESTRADITIONALCHINESEUTENSILSINCLUDINGPOTTERY,PORCELAIN,BRONZES,ETC,SOMEOFTHEUTENSILSARECONCISEANDSIMPLE,SOMEOFTHEMARETENDERANDROUNDBUTIFWERESEARCHONTHEIROUTLINEFORM,WEWILLFINDMOSTOFTHETRADITIONALCHINESEUTENSILSTAKECURVEANDCIRCLESHAPEASTHEMAINELEMENTBUTNOTSTRAIGHTLINEORSQUARE,WHICHISCONSISTENTWITHTHEAESTHETICPHILOSOPHY,SUCHAS“THEHARMONYBETWEENHUMANBEINGANDNATURE”AND“THEHARMONYBETWEENYINANDYANG”,ATTHESAMETIME,THEUSINGOFCIRCLEANDCURVEALSOREFLECTSTHEHUMANISTICSPIRITOFAUSPICESEEKINGANDEQUALIZATIONTRADITIONALAESTHETICPHILOSOPHYFOCUSESONTHECREATIONOFARTISTICCONCEPTIONSUCHIDEOLOGYPROMPTTOFORMEDTHEDISTINCTCULTUREOFLOOSEFITTINGCOSTUMEWHICHISDIFFERENTFROMTHEBODYSIZECOSTUMEOFWESTTHESTRUCTUREOFTRADITIONALCHINESECOSTUMEISTWODIMENSIONAL,LOOSEFITTING,LESSSUPPORTINGPOINTS,NODARTS,THEINNERSPACEOFITCHANGESWITHHUMANMOTION,ANDITEMPHASIZESTHEBEAUTYOFTRENDSANDHARMONYBETWEENHUMANANDSPACEONTHECONTRARY,THEWESTERNCOSTUMEISTHREEDIMENSIONAL,CLOSEFITTING,USINGDARTS,FOCUSONTHEPERFORMANCEOFTHEHUMANBODY,ANDITEMPHASIZESTHESTATICBEAUTYATPRESENTMOREANDMOREDOMESTICDESIGNERSTRYTOINTEGRATE“CHINESEELEMENT“INTOTHEIRCOSTUMEDESIGN,BUTMOSTOFTHEINTEGRATIONIGNORETHETRADITIONALCULTUREANDAREJUSTTHEUSINGOFSURFACEELEMENTSWHICHARETOOSUPERFICIALJAPANESETRADITIONAL

簡介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復(fù)雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標(biāo)題BASEDONSINGLECHIPMICROCOMPUTERHEATINGTEMPERATUREAUTOMATICCONTROLSYSTEM外文作者DEYONGLIU,HONGSONG,ZHIQIANGKONG文獻(xiàn)出處ADVANCEDMATERIALSRESEARCHVOLS5915932019PP16641668如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文2423單詞，15149字符，中文3704漢字。BASEDONSINGLECHIPMICROCOMPUTERHEATINGTEMPERATUREAUTOMATICCONTROLSYSTEMKEYWORDSAD590,ADC0809,AT89C51,CD4511ABSTRACTTHETEMPERATURECONTROLISONEOFTHEMOSTCOMMONCONTROLSYSTEM,WITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHESENSINGTECHNOLOGY,NEWSINGLEBUSDIGITALTEMPERATURESENSORTOACHIEVEFASTERDEVELOPMENTOFTHETESTANDCONTROLOFTHETEMPERATURETHESYSTEMISATEMPERATURESENSORAD590TOACQUISITIONANALOGSIGNALS,AFTERADC0809CONVERTEDINTODIGITALSIGNALSTO89C51SINGLECHIPPROCESSING,SOASTOACHIEVETHECOLLECTIONOFTEMPERATURE,ANDTHENTHROUGHTHECD4511DRIVESEVENSECTIONSLEDDISPLAYTHESYSTEMCANCONTROLOFTEMPERATURE,THROUGHTHEKEYBOARDFORTEMPERATUREOFADDORSUBTRACTSETTINGS,IFDETECTIONTEMPERATUREISMORETHANSETTEMPERATURE,STOPHEATING,IFDETECTIONTEMPERATUREISBELOWTHESETTEMPERATURE,STARTHEATINGTHESYSTEMOFDESIGNANDWIRINGARESIMPLE,EASYEXTENSION,COSTEFFECTIVE,VOLUMEISSMALL,COMPACTSTRUCTURE,STRONGANTIINTERFERENCEABILITYFIG1SYSTEMSTRUCTURETHESYSTEMHARDWARECIRCUITDIAGRAMTHEMAINCONTROLCIRCUITMCS51ISAN8BITSCPU,128BDATASTORAGE,4KBPROGRAMMEMORY,FIVEINTERRUPTSOURCE,ANDTWO16BITTIMERS/COUNTER,ONESERIALPORT,FOURPARALLEL8BITI/OANDTWENTYONESPECIALFUNCTIONOFREGISTERSTHEMOSTBASICCIRCUITOFTHESINGLECHIPMICROCOMPUTERISABLETOMAKESCMNORMALSTARTANDWORKOFTHECIRCUITS,INCLUDINGPOWERVCCTERMINATION5VVOLTAGE,VSSGROUNDEDDUETOTHELOWELECTRICPINSEAATORDINARYTIMESISTOVISITPIECEOFEXTERNALSTORAGE,THESYSTEMDOESNOTNEEDTOEXPANDOUTSIDEOFMEMORY,SOITNEEDTOMAINTAINAHIGHLEVEL,CONNECTTHEPOWERSUPPLYVOLTAGE5VTHECLOCKCIRCUITMCS51INTERNALHAVEONEFORAREVERSEPHASEOFHIGHPOWERGAINOSCILLATORAMPLIFIER,THEHIGHPOWERGAINREVERSEPHASEOFTHEAMPLIFIERINPUTFORCHIPXTAL1PIN,THEOUTPUTFORCHIPXTAL2PINTHETWOPINSJUMPERQUARTZOSCILLATORANDFINETUNECAPACITANCETRANSISTOR,THEYFORMASTABLEOFSELFEXCITEDOSCILLATORCIRCUITOFCAPACITANCEC1ANDC2TYPICALUSUALLYCHOOSETOABOUT30PF,THEOSCILLATIONOFTHECRYSTALSUSUALLYBETWEEN12MHZFREQUENCYAND12MHZTHEHIGHERTHECRYSTALFREQUENCY,THESYSTEMCLOCKFREQUENCYISHIGHER,THERUNNINGSPEEDOFSINGLECHIPMICROCOMPUTERALSOMOREQUICKLYMCS51OFTENCHOOSECONCUSSION6MHZOR12MHZFREQUENCYOFQUARTZCRYSTAL,THECONTROLSYSTEMCHOICE12MHZRESETCIRCUITMCS51RESETBYEXTERNALRESETCIRCUITTOREALIZE,RESETCIRCUITOFSINGLECHIPPROCESSORISINITIALIZEDOPERATION,MAKESCMINITSINITIALSTATEONELEVELRESETTHROUGHTHERESISTANCEANDPOWERSUPPLYTHERST5VCONNECTEDTOFULFILLWHENQUARTZCRYSTALFREQUENCYFOR12MHZ,RESETCIRCUITPARAMETERSFOR1UFELECTROLYTICCAPACITORSAND10K?RESISTANCETHEDISTRIBUTIONOFI/OTHESYSTEMNEEDSINPUTANDOUTPUTOFTHESINGLECHIP

簡介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復(fù)雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標(biāo)題BASEDONMANMACHINEINTERACTIONINTERFACEDESIGNOFPRODUCT外文作者XUELIANGMA,JIESUN,SHAOFUSHAN文獻(xiàn)出處APPLIEDMECHANICSANDMATERIALSVOLS2292312018PP17851788如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文1990單詞，13098字符，中文3246漢字。BASEDONMANMACHINEINTERACTIONINTERFACEDESIGNOFPRODUCTKEYWORDSHUMANCOMPUTERINTERACTION,INTERFACEDESIGN,USEREXPERIENCE,USERINTERFACEMODELABSTRACTTHISPAPERDESCRIBESTHEHUMANCOMPUTERINTERACTIONTHEORY,EXPERIENCEFROMTHEUSERSPOINTOFVIEW,WITHTHEAIDOFSYSTEMDESIGN,THEUSEOFPRODUCTSINTHEPROCESSOFNONAMENITYFACTORS,INDUSTRIALPRODUCTINTERFACEDESIGNANDANALYZESTHEEXISTINGPROBLEMS,PUTSFORWARDPRODUCTINTERFACEDESIGNPRINCIPLESANDMETHODS,THROUGHTHEANALYSISOFTHEUSERMODEL,POINTSOUTTHEGOODINTERACTIONTHEDESIGNCANREALIZETHEUSEREXPERIENCE,IMPROVEPEOPLESQUALITYOFLIFEINTRODUCTIONINTERACTIONTHEORYCOMESFROMHUMANCOMPUTERINTERACTIONTECHNOLOGY,HUMANCOMPUTERINTERACTIONSYSTEMBETWEENTHEUSERANDTHEINTERACTIVERELATIONSHIPTHESYSTEMCANBETHEMACHINE,ANDALSOBEACOMPUTERIZEDSYSTEMANDSOFTWAREINTERACTIVEDEVELOPMENTHASEXPERIENCEDFROMTHEEARLYSTAGEOFMANUALOPERATION,HUMANCOMPUTERINTERACTIONDESIGNELEMENTSPRODUCTINTERFACEINTERACTIONDESIGN,GENERALLYFOCUSESINCLUDEDIRECTOPERATION,INTERFACEMODEL,MENUDESIGNANDOTHERDESIGNELEMENTS,THEFOLLOWINGWILLBEELABORATEDSEPARATELYDIRECTOPERATEDTHESOCALLEDDIRECTMANIPULATIONISTHROUGHREPLACEMESSAGEORMOBILEMESSAGESDIRECTLYTOINTERACTIVE,ANDDOESNOTREQUIREEXPLICITCOMMANDSTOMODIFYTHEMESSAGE,SUCHASWORDPROCESSINGORSCREENEDITORMODEOFOPERATIONSUCHASTYPINGCANGENERALLYACHIEVEIMMEDIATEINTERACTIVEFUNCTION4THEMAINADVANTAGEISTHAT,THEUSERCANIMMEDIATELYGRASPPRODUCT,LEARNINGTIMEISSHORT,ANDCANGETIMMEDIATEFEEDBACKERRORISDETECTEDANDCANBERAPIDLYREVISEDTHEMAINPROBLEMISHOWTOGUIDEANAPPROPRIATEINTERFACEMODELANDTHEIMPLIEDFEEDBACKHUMANCOMPUTERINTERACTIONINTERFACEMODELHUMANCOMPUTERINTERACTIONINTERFACEMODEL,GENERALLYREFERSTOTHESOCALLEDCONCEPTUALMODELSANDMENTALMODELSTHECONCEPTUALMODELISAPROGRAMMERANDDESIGNEROROTHERRELEVANTENGINEERINGSTAFFTODESIGNHARDWAREORSOFTWAREINTERFACE,THEUSERCANTHUSCONTROLSOFTWAREANDHARDWAREINTERFACEMODELTHESOCALLEDMENTALMODEL,ISONSOFTWAREANDHARDWAREINTERFACEEQUIPMENTOFINTERACTION,USINGFORTHESYSTEMFORMEDBYTHEMENTALMODEL,INGENERALISANATURALTHEPROGRESSIVEFORM,SOMETIMESEVENINTOAHABIT,THEUSERWILLBECONSTANTLYREVISEDITSMENTALMODELSOWHENWECARRYOUTTHEINTERFACEDESIGN,DESIGNERSMUSTCONTINUETOCONSIDERTHECONCEPTUALMODELSANDMENTALMODELSOFEVOLUTION,SOSYSTEMDESIGNWILLGIVETHEUSERACOMPLETEEASYTOUNDERSTANDINTERFACEENVIRONMENTMENUDESIGNFORMTYPEPRODUCTINTERFACEDESIGNPATTERN,COMMONINTERFACEPANELINTERACTIVEFUNCTIONSASFOLLOWSBUTTONANDSWITCH5BUTTONFUNCTIONBYASINGLEACTIONBUTTONTOGENERATE,ASFROMAPRINTBUTTON,ETCTHESWITCHCANBEINPOSITIONWITHINTHESET,CANPRODUCTSYSTEMFROMONESTATETOANOTHERSTATEROLEMENUTHEYCANCHOOSEABUTTONORSWITCHSETPARTOFTHEMENUDESIGNISALSOOFTENSEENINTHEDROPDOWNMENU,SCROLLINGMENU,HIERARCHICALMENU,MOVABLEMENUDESIGN,ASSOCIATEDCONTROLPANEL

簡介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復(fù)雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標(biāo)題ABRIEFINTRODUCTIONTOANDROIDDEVELOPMENT外文作者ROYSANDBERG，MARKROLLINS文獻(xiàn)出處THEBUSINESSOFANDROIDAPPSDEVELOPMENT,2018,PP3950如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文4032單詞，24515字符字符就是印刷符，中文6940漢字。ABRIEFINTRODUCTIONTOANDROIDDEVELOPMENTBYNOW,YOUHAVESEENTHATTHEREISAMETHODTOTHEMADNESSOFMARKETINGANDROIDAPPSCHAPTER2DISCUSSEDCOMINGUPWITHTHATMILLIONDOLLARIDEA,ANDCHAPTER3COVEREDSOMELEGALTECHNICALITIESTHISCHAPTERTAKESYOUTHROUGHTHEFIRSTSTEPSOFACTUALLYCREATINGANANDROIDAPPLICATIONIFYOUAREANEXPERIENCEDPROGRAMMER,YOUMIGHTFINDTHEINFORMATIONINTHISCHAPTERTOOBASIC,SOITMIGHTSEEMMOREOFAREVIEWIFSO,BYALLMEANSSCANITQUICKLYANDMOVEONTOSUBSEQUENTCHAPTERSTHATFOCUSONMARKETINGANDROIDAPPLICATIONSIFYOUAREAFIRSTTIMEDEVELOPER,YOUSHOULDREADTHISCHAPTERVERYCAREFULLYTOUNDERSTANDTHECONCEPTSINVOLVEDWEWROTETHISBOOKSOTHATANYONECANSUCCEEDINTHECURRENTANDROIDMARKET,SOITHELPSTOLEARNASMUCHASPOSSIBLEBEFOREYOUWRITETHATFIRSTLINEOFCODEFORYOURAPPLICATIONIFYOUAREJUSTBEGINNINGTOWRITEANAPPLICATIONFORANDROID,YOUMIGHTDISCOVERALOTOFTECHNICALTERMSBEINGTHROWNAROUND,ANDITMIGHTBEDIFFICULTTONAVIGATETHISSEAOFABBREVIATIONSALTHOUGHWECAN’TTEACHYOUTOWRITEANDROIDAPPLICATIONSINONECHAPTER,WECANGIVEYOUAVERYHIGHLEVELOVERVIEWTHATWEHOPEWILLGIVEYOUTHEGUIDANCEYOUNEEDFORLEARNINGMOREONYOUROWNINTEGRATEDDEVELOPMENTENVIRONMENTIDEAUTHORSTENDTOWRITEBYUSINGAWORDPROCESSORDEVELOPERSTENDTOCODEWITHANIDEANIDEISANAPPLICATION,SOMEWHATSIMILARTOAWORDPROCESSOR,THATENABLESYOUTOSEEANDMODIFYSOURCECODESOURCECODEISTYPICALLYCOLORCODEDINAWAYTHATHIGHLIGHTSKEYWORDSANDSYNTAXINADDITION,ANIDECHECKSTHESYNTAXSTRUCTUREOFYOURCODEASYOUWRITEANDISINTEGRATEDHENCETHENAMEWITHDEVELOPMENTTOOLSSUCHASCOMPILERSANDDEBUGGERSIDESHAVELOTSOFVERYUSEFULCAPABILITIESTHATMAKEWRITINGSOFTWAREEASIERANDMOREENJOYABLEECLIPSEISAWELLKNOWN,OPENSOURCEIDETHATISMOSTLYWRITTENINJAVAANDBUILTAROUNDTHEIDEAOFPLUGINSECLIPSEHASPLUGINSFORALMOSTEVERYTHING,INCLUDINGDEVELOPMENT,DEBUGGING,ANDREVISIONCONTROLINMANYDIFFERENTPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGESALTHOUGHNOTDIRECTLYRELATEDTOANDROIDDEVELOPMENTJUSTASKNOWINGHOWTOUSEAWORDPROCESSORISN’TDIRECTLYRELATEDTOWRITING,ITISVERYPOWERFULANDWORTHUNDERSTANDINGYOUCANLEARNMOREHEREHTTP//HELPECLIPSEORGANDROIDPROVIDESANECLIPSEPLUGINTHATISPERFECTFORDEVELOPINGANDROIDAPPSTHEADTPLUGINCUSTOMIZESYOURECLIPSEWORKSPACEFORUSEWITHANDROIDITINCLUDESAGUIDEDPROJECTSETUP,CUSTOMEDITORSFORANDROIDCONFIGURATIONFILES,DEBUGOUTPUT,ANDMOREITDOESEVERYTHINGYOUNEED,RIGHTDOWNTOCREATINGARELEASEPACKAGETHATGETSUPLOADEDTOGOOGLEPLAYANDOTHERMARKETPLACESALTERNATIVELY,YOUCANUSECOMMERCIALIDESSUCHASJETBRAINS’INTELLIJIDEAINTELLIJCOMESINAFREE,OPENSOURCECOMMUNITYEDITIONANDACOMMERCIALULTIMATEEDITIONSOMEDEVELOPERSSWEARBYTHEULTIMATEEDITION,ARGUINGTHATITHASSUPERIORCODEINDEXINGTHATRESULTSINBETTERCODECOMPLETION,REFACTORING,ANDNAVIGATIONINTELLIJALSOSUPPORTSPLUGINSTHATMAKESITAGOODCANDIDATEFORANDROIDDEVELOPMENTYOUCANLEARNMOREABOUTUSINGINTELLIJIDEAFORANDROIDDEVELOPMENTHEREPERKSOFTHEANDROIDOPERATINGSYSTEMASDISCUSSEDINCHAPTER1,ANDROIDISALINUXBASEDOSTHATRELIESONJAVATOSIMPLIFYSOFTWAREDEVELOPMENTITMAKESHEAVYUSEOFEXTENSIBLEMARKUPLANGUAGEXMLTOSIMPLIFYCODINGTASKSEVENMORE

簡介：外文標(biāo)題THECHALLENGEOFMOTIVEINTHECRIMINALLAW外文作者ELAINEMCHIUT文獻(xiàn)出處BUFFALOCRIMINALLAWREVIEW,2005,82653729英文3187單詞，15897字符，中文5194漢字。此文檔是外文翻譯成品，無需調(diào)整復(fù)雜的格式哦下載之后直接可用，方便快捷THECHALLENGEOFMOTIVEINTHECRIMINALLAWELAINEMCHIUTPARTIOFTHEARTICLEJOINSTHEEVOLVINGDISCUSSIONOFMOTIVEINTHECRIMINALLAWGENERALLYTOSUPPORTTHEOVERALLCONCLUSIONTHATMOTIVESHOULDFIGUREMOREPROMINENTLYINTHECRIMINALLAW,PARTIPROPOSESSEVERALNOVELIDEASFIRST,ALTHOUGHSOMEOTHERSCHOLARSAREFIXATEDWITHWHETHERMOTIVESHOULDBELIMITEDTODETERMINATIONSOFEITHERLIABILITYORPUNISHMENT,THISARTICLEPROPOSESTHATDECISIONMAKERSSHOULDBEFREETOCONSIDERMOTIVEWHENDETERMININGBOTHSECOND,PARTIEXPLAINSTHATNOTALLMOTIVESARETHESAMEINDEED,MOTIVESSUCHASSELFDEFENSE,INSANITY,ANDHEATOFPASSIONCLEARLYDIFFERINTERMSOFTHEIRPROVABILITYANDMORALPOTENCYWHILESOMEMAYBEMOREEASILYPROVEN,OTHERSPOSSESSGREATERMORALPOTENCYBECAUSEOFTHESECRITICALDIFFERENCES,PARTIOFTHISARTICLEPROPOSESTHATMOTIVESWHICHAREEASILYPROVENANDPOSSESSHIGHMORALPOTENCYBEPARTOFLIABILITYDETERMINATIONSWHILEMOTIVESTHATPRESENTPROOFPROBLEMSORLOWMORALPOTENCYBERESTRICTEDTOSENTENCINGTHIRD,PARTIENDSWITHASWEEPINGRECOMMENDATIONTOREFORMTHEOVERALLATTITUDEABOUTMOTIVEINTHECRIMINALLAWFARFROMBEINGIRRELEVANTTOTHECRIMINALLAWANDUNWORKABLE,MOTIVESHOULDBETHOUGHTOFASESSENTIALTHECRIMINALLAWSHOULDNOTLIMITITSELFTOCONSIDERATIONOFAFEWSELECTMOTIVESINSTEAD,ITSHOULDWELCOMETHECHALLENGEOFINCORPORATINGDEFENDANTS，VARIOUSMOTIVESWITHTHEFREEDOMOFMULTIPLEFORUMSANDTHEGUIDELINESOFPROVABILITYANDMORALPOTENCY,ANEFFECTIVECRIMINALLAWBUILTAROUNDMOTIVECANBESUCCESSFULLYDEVELOPEDPARTIITHENTURNSTOTHESIMPLESTREETSALEANDNEWYORK’SAGENCYDEFENSEANDTHEINTRIGUINGLESSONTHEYOFFERFORCONSIDERATIONSOFMOTIVEINTHECRIMINALLAWPARTIIBEGINSBYANALYZINGTHECHALLENGEOFDEFININGTHEOFFENSESANDPUNISHMENTSFORVARIOUSPARTICIPANTSINTHESIMPLESTREETSALEANDHOWTHEAGENCYDEFENSEWASDESIGNEDTOADDRESSTHISCHALLENGEITCONTINUESWITHTHEHISTORYOFHOWFEDERALCOURTSLEDSTATECOURTSINTHEADOPTIONOFTHEJUDICIALLYCREATEDAGENCYDEFENSEANDHOWCONGRESSTHENELIMINATEDITBYSTATUTEINADOPTINGTHEDISTRIBUTIONAPPROACHTOTHEWARONDRUGSINCONCLUSION,PARTIIDESCRIBESINSTANCESOFLEGALINCONSISTENCYCRIMINALLIABILITYWHILETHEOTHERISCENTRALTOIT4INTHISDEBATEONMOTIVENUMEROUSEFFORTSHAVEBEENMADETODEFINEITTHESEEFFORTSDIVIDEINTOTHREEGROUPSSOMEHAVEDEFINEDMOTIVEASCOMPLETELYDIFFERENTFROMINTENTWHILEOTHERSHAVEARGUEDTHATMOTIVEISAPARTICULARTYPEORSUBCATEGORYOFINTENTSTILLOTHERS,LIKEDOUGLASHUSAK,HAVEOFFEREDMOREFUNCTIONALDEFINITIONSTHEFIRSTGROUPREGARDSINTENTIONSAS“COGNITIVESTATESOFMIND,LIKEEXPECTATIONSORPERCEPTIONSOFRISK”WHILEDESCRIBINGMOTIVESAS“DESIDERATIVESTATES，，，MEANING“DESIRES，PURPOSESORENDS/524INOTHERWORDS,“MOTIVESEXPLAINWHYAPERSONACTED，WHILEINTENTIONSDESCRIBEWHATACTIONWASPERFORMED，，5WHILEAPPEALINGLYSIMPLE,THISDEFINITIONRENDERSTHEMAXIMOFIRRELEVANCEUNTRUE6ITISUNTRUETHATTHECRIMINALLAWNEVERCONSIDERSWHYAPERSONACTSINDETERMININGLIABILITY7THESECONDGROUPOFEFFORTSISINAPPOSITEMOTIVEISNOTADIFFERENTMENTALSTATEFROMINTENTRATHER,ITISASUBTYPEOFINTENTMOTIVEISDEFINEDASTHE“ULTERIOR”INTENTIONOR“THEINTENTIONWITHWHICHANINTENTIONALACTISDONE，8ALTHOUGHATFIRSTTHISDEFINITIONRINGSTRUE,THISDEFINITIONULTIMATELYOFFERSAMEANINGLESSDISTINCTIONBETWEENMOTIVEANDINTENTBECAUSEPEOPLEACTINA“CHAINOFINTENTION，，，EVERYINTENTISAMOTIVEFORAPRIOROREARLIERINTENT8FOREXAMPLE,ADEFENDANTPULLSTHETRIGGEROFAGUNINORDERTOMAKETHEBULLETENTERAVICTIM’SBODYINORDERTOKILLTHEVICTIMINORDERTOSTEALHISPOSSESSIONS,ETC9ASARESULT,THEONLYDISTINCTIONBETWEENMOTIVEANDINTENTAREINSIGNIFICANTMOMENTSOFTIMEWHERE“ANINTENTIONCEASESTOREMAINAMOTIVEONLYWHENITBECOMESIMMEDIATE，，10IFTHEREISSUCHSPAREDISTINCTIONBETWEENMOTIVEANDINTENT,THENNORMATIVELYTHESTATEMENTTHATTHECRIMINALLAWSHOULDBEENGAGEDONLYWITHTHEMOSTIMMEDIATEOFINTENTSISWEAKCRITICSHAVEHARSHLYRIDICULEDTHISSECONDDEFINITIONOFMOTIVETHEYCONTENDTHATBECAUSEMOTIVEANDINTENTAREESSENTIALLYTHESAME,THESTATEMENTTHATMOTIVEISIRRELEVANTTOTHECRIMINALLAWCANONLYBETRUEASATAUTOLOGYWHEREMOTIVEISDEFINEDASALLTHOSEINTENTIONSTHATHAVEBEENDEEMED,FORONEREASONORANOTHER,IRRELEVANT11INCONTRAST,ALLTHOSETHATHAVEBEENDEEMEDRELEVANTAREDESIGNATEDASINTENTORMENSREA12FINALLY,THETHIRDGROUPOFEFFORTSREJECTSTHEAPPROACHOFJUXTAPOSINGMOTIVEAGAINSTINTENTORMENSREAINSTEAD,THESEDEFINITIONSOFMOTIVEFOCUSONTHEMENTALFUNCTIONTHATMOTIVEREPRESENTSACCORDINGTODOUGLASHUSAK,MOTIVESMAYBEUNDERSTOODASA‘POLYMORPHOUSCOLLECTIONOFACTIONINITIATORS”，13THESEMOTIVESMAYBEFURTHERINTENTIONS,REASONS,OROTHERUNDEFINEDMENTALSTATESTHEIRCATEGORIZATIONISNOTIMPORTANT14HYMANGROSSOFFERSTHAT“AMOTIVEISAREASONFORDOINGTHEKINDOFPURPOSEFULACTTHATCALLSFORANEXPLANATIONANDTHATISDONEBYTHEACTORFORTHESAKEOFSOMETHINGELSE，，15HAVINGAMOTIVEFORANACTIONISSIMPLYBELIEVINGTHAT“SOMEENDWILLBEFURTHEREDBYPERFORMINGIT,ANDWANTINGORDESIRINGTOFURTHERTHATEND”16THISARTICLEADOPTSTHISTHIRDFUNCTIONALDEFINITIONOFMOTIVEBECAUSEITSTRIVESTODEFINEMOTIVEINDEPENDENTOFINTENTANDMENSREAFREEDFROMANYNEEDTOCOMPARETOINTENTORMENSREA,THEFUNCTIONAL

簡介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復(fù)雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標(biāo)題WEBDEVELOPMENTVERSUSSOFTWAREDEVELOPMENT外文作者M(jìn)ENDES,EMILIA文獻(xiàn)出處PRACTITIONERSKNOWLEDGEREPRESENTATIONAPATHWAYTOIMPROVESOFTWAREEFFORTESTIMATIONPP1325，2019如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文4311單詞，29628字符字符就是印刷符，中文7494漢字。WEBDEVELOPMENTVERSUSSOFTWAREDEVELOPMENTINTRODUCTIONTHEWORLDWIDEWEBWEBWASORIGINALLYCONCEIVEDIN1989ASANENVIRONMENTTOALLOWFORTHESHARINGOFINFORMATIONEG,RESEARCHREPORTS,DATABASES,USERMANUALSAMONGSTGEOGRAPHICALLYDISPERSEDINDIVIDUALSTHEINFORMATIONITSELFWASSTOREDONDIFFERENTSERVERSANDWASRETRIEVEDBYMEANSOFASINGLEUSERINTERFACEWEBBROWSERTHEINFORMATIONCONSISTEDPRIMARILYOFTEXTDOCUMENTSINTERLINKEDUSINGAHYPERTEXTMETAPHORHTTP//WWWZELTSERCOM/WEBHISTORY/1SINCEITSORIGINALINCEPTION,THEWEBHASCHANGEDINTOANENVIRONMENTEMPLOYEDFORTHEDELIVERYOFMANYDIFFERENTTYPESOFAPPLICATIONSSUCHAPPLICATIONSRANGEFROMSMALLSCALEINFORMATIONDISSEMINATIONLIKEAPPLICATIONS,TYPICALLYDEVELOPEDBYWRITERSANDARTISTS,TOLARGESCALECOMMERCIAL,ENTERPRISEPLANNINGANDSCHEDULING,COLLABORATIVEWORKAPPLICATIONSTHELATTERAREDEVELOPEDBYMULTIDISCIPLINARYTEAMSOFPEOPLEWITHDIVERSESKILLSANDBACKGROUNDSUSINGCUTTINGEDGE,DIVERSETECHNOLOGIES1–3THEINCREASEINTHEUSEOFTHEWEBTOPROVIDECOMMERCIALAPPLICATIONSHASBEENMOTIVATEDBYSEVERALFACTORS,SUCHASTHEPOSSIBLEINCREASEOFANORGANISATION’SCOMPETITIVEPOSITION,ANDTHEOPPORTUNITYFORSMALLORGANISATIONSTOPROJECTTHEIRCORPORATESUCHNEEDS11WEBENGINEERINGISDESCRIBEDAS12THEUSEOFSCIENTIFIC,ENGINEERING,ANDMANAGEMENTPRINCIPLESANDSYSTEMATICAPPROACHESWITHTHEAIMOFSUCCESSFULLYDEVELOPING,DEPLOYINGANDMAINTAININGHIGHQUALITYWEBBASEDSYSTEMSANDAPPLICATIONSTHISISASIMILARDEFINITIONTOTHATUSEDTODESCRIBESOFTWAREENGINEERINGHOWEVER,BOTHDISCIPLINESDIFFERINMANYWAYSSUCHDIFFERENCESAREDISCUSSEDNEXTWEBAPPLICATIONSVERSUSCONVENTIONALSOFTWAREANOVERVIEWOFDIFFERENCESBETWEENWEBANDSOFTWAREDEVELOPMENTWITHRESPECTTOTHEIRDEVELOPMENTPROCESSES,TECHNOLOGIES,QUALITYFACTORS,ANDMEASURESISPRESENTEDHEREINADDITION,THISSECTIONALSOPROVIDESDEFINITIONSANDTERMSUSEDTHROUGHOUTTHEBOOKEG,WEBAPPLICATIONWEBHYPERMEDIA,WEBSOFTWAREORWEBAPPLICATIONTHEWEBISTHEBESTKNOWNEXAMPLEOFAHYPERMEDIASYSTEMTODATE,NUMEROUSORGANISATIONSWORLDWIDEHAVEDEVELOPEDAVASTARRAYOFCOMMERCIALAND/OREDUCATIONALWEBAPPLICATIONSTHEWEBLITERATUREUSESNUMEROUSSYNONYMSFORAWEBAPPLICATION,SUCHASWEBSITE,WEBSYSTEM,INTERNETAPPLICATIONTHEIEEESTD2001–2002USESTHETERMWEBSITEDEFINEDAS13“ACOLLECTIONOFLOGICALLYCONNECTEDWEBPAGESMANAGEDASASINGLEENTITY”HOWEVER,USINGWEBSITEANDWEBAPPLICATIONINTERCHANGEABLYDOESNOTALLOWONETODIFFERENTIATEBETWEENTHEPHYSICALSTORAGEOFWEBPAGESANDTHEIRAPPLICATIONDOMAINSTHEWEBHASBEENUSEDASTHEDELIVERYPLATFORMFORTHREETYPESOFAPPLICATIONSWEBHYPERMEDIAAPPLICATIONS,WEBSOFTWAREAPPLICATIONS,ANDWEBAPPLICATIONS14WEBHYPERMEDIAAPPLICATIONANONCONVENTIONALAPPLICATIONCHARACTERISEDBYTHEAUTHORINGOFINFORMATIONUSINGNODESCHUNKSOFINFORMATION,LINKSRELATIONSBETWEENNODES,ANCHORS,ACCESSSTRUCTURESFORNAVIGATION,ANDDELIVERYOVERTHEWEBTECHNOLOGIESCOMMONLYUSEDFORDEVELOPINGSUCHAPPLICATIONSAREHTML,

簡介：REALTIMEOBJECTTRACKINGBASEDONDYNAMICFEATUREGROUPINGWITHBACKGROUNDSUBTRACTIONZUWHANKIMCALIFORNIAPATH,UNIVERSITYOFCALIFORNIAATBERKELEY,CA,USAHTTP//PATHBERKELEYEDU/?ZUWHANABSTRACTOBJECTDETECTIONANDTRACKINGHASVARIOUSAPPLICATIONAREASINCLUDINGINTELLIGENTTRANSPORTATIONSYSTEMSWEINTRODUCEANOBJECTDETECTIONANDTRACKINGAPPROACHTHATCOMBINESTHEBACKGROUNDSUBTRACTIONALGORITHMANDTHEFEATURETRACKINGANDGROUPINGALGORITHMWEFIRSTPRESENTANAUGMENTEDBACKGROUNDSUBTRACTIONALGORITHMWHICHUSESALOWLEVELFEATURETRACKINGASACUETHERESULTINGBACKGROUNDSUBTRACTIONCUESAREUSEDTOIMPROVETHEFEATUREDETECTIONANDGROUPINGRESULTWETHENPRESENTADYNAMICMULTILEVELFEATUREGROUPINGAPPROACHTHATCANBEUSEDINREALTIMEAPPLICATIONSANDALSOPROVIDESHIGHQUALITYTRAJECTORIESEXPERIMENTALRESULTSFROMVIDEOCLIPSOFACHALLENGINGTRANSPORTATIONAPPLICATIONAREPRESENTED1INTRODUCTIONANDPREVIOUSWORKOBJECTDETECTIONANDTRACKINGISAMAJORRESEARCHAREAINCOMPUTERVISIONONEOFITSAPPLICATIONAREASISTRAFFICSCENEANALYSISCAMERASARELESSCOSTLYANDEASIERTOINSTALLTHANMOSTOTHERSENSORS,SOMANYAREALREADYINSTALLEDONTHEROADSIDE,PARTICULARLYATINTERSECTIONSRESULTANTVIDEOIMAGESAREUSEDTOESTIMATETRAFFICFLOWS,TODETECTVEHICLESANDPEDESTRIANSFORSIGNALTIMING,ANDTOTRACKVEHICLESANDPEDESTRIANSFORSAFETYAPPLICATIONSFORDECADESVARIOUSVEHICLEANDPEDESTRIANDETECTIONANDTRACKINGALGORITHMSHAVEBEENINTRODUCED,15,19,16,3,6,9,14,1,18,ANDTHEREAREMANYCOMMERCIALSYSTEMSTODETECTVEHICLESEG,“VIRTUALLOOPDETECTORS”ANDPEDESTRIANSMOSTOFTHEABOVESYSTEMSANDALSOMANYOFOTHEROBJECTTRACKINGAPPLICATIONSAREBASEDONTHEBACKGROUNDSUBTRACTIONALGORITHMITFIRSTEXTRACTSASTATICBACKGROUNDHYPOTHESISFROMASEQUENCEOFIMAGES,THENCALCULATESADIFFERENCEBETWEENTHEBACKGROUNDHYPOTHESISANDTHECURRENTIMAGETOFINDFOREGROUNDOBJECTSTHEBACKGROUNDSUBTRACTIONALGORITHMREQUIRESARELATIVELYSMALLCOMPUTATIONTIMEANDSHOWSROBUSTDETECTIONINGOODILLUMINATIONCONDITIONSHOWEVER,ITSUFFERSFROMTHEPROBLEMSSUCHASOCCLUSIONS,THEPRESENCEOFSHADOWS,ANDSUDDENILLUMINATIONCHANGESMANYEFFORTSHAVEBEENMADETOSOLVETHEOCCLUSIONPROBLEM,FOREXAMPLEBYAPPLYINGAMARKOVRANDOMFIELDMODEL9,BUTTHERESULTHASNOTBEENSATISFACTORYWITHSIGNIFICANTOCCLUSIONS,ASITISANEXTREMELYDIFFICULTPROBLEMTOSEGMENTOCCLUDEDOBJECTSBYCONSIDERINGONLYTHEBACKGROUNDSUBTRACTIONRESULTFURTHERMORE,ITISDIFFICULTTODEALWITHPROBLEMSSUCHASSUDDENILLUMINATIONCHANGESANDSTOPPEDVEHICLESFOREXAMPLE,VEHICLESMOVINGSLOWLYINTRAFFICCONGESTIONSORSTOPPEDVEHICLESATANINTERSECTIONWILLEVENTUALLYBERECOGNIZEDASBACKGROUNDOBJECTSINADDITION,THETRAJECTORIESAREUSUALLYDETERMINEDBYLINKINGTHECENTEROFTHEOBJECTBLOBS,ANDOFTENTIMESITRESULTSINZIGZAGGYTRAJECTORIESANOTHERAPPROACHISBASEDONFEATURETRACKINGANDGROUPING,3,1THISISDONEBYEXTRACTINGANDTRACKINGINDIVIDUALCORNERFEATURES,7,ANDGROUPINGTHEMBASEDONTHEIRTRAJECTORIESTHEGROUPINGALGORITHMSAREAPPLIEDTOFULLTRAJECTORIESOFTHECORNERFEATURESFORPOSTPROCESSINGAPPLICATIONSSINCETHISMETHODUSESASETOFLONGTRAJECTORIES,SEGMENTATIONAMONGOCCLUDEDOBJECTSISEASIERTOPERFORMTHANWITHBACKGROUNDSUBTRACTIONACHALLENGEINAPPLYINGTHISALGORITHMISTHATITISNOTALWAYSEASYTOROBUSTLYTRACKACORNERFEATUREOVERALONGPERIODOFTIME,ESPECIALLYWHENVEHICLESTURNATINTERSECTIONSORAREOCCLUDEDBYOTHERVEHICLESORPEDESTRIANSINADDITION,KEEPINGANDPROCESSINGASETOFLONGCORNERTRAJECTORIESCANBEBURDENSOMEFOREXAMPLE,WHENAVEHICLEISWAITINGATANINTERSECTIONFOROVERAMINUTETHECORNERFEATURETRAJECTORIESMUSTBEKEPTFORMORETHAN1000FRAMESTHEREFORE,THESEALGORITHMSCANNOTBEAPPLIEDTOREALTIMEDETECTIONANDTRACKINGAPPLICATIONS,ESPECIALLYFORINTERSECTIONSANOTHERCHALLENGEISTHATTHEGROUPINGALGORITHMSOFTENGROUPNEARBYVEHICLESMOVINGTOGETHERORSEPARATEALARGEVEHICLEINTOTWOBECAUSECORNERFEATURESARENOTEVENLYDISTRIBUTEDOVERTHEVEHICLESINMANYCASESFINALLY,THEREISANAPPROACHBASEDONAPPEARANCEBASEDVEHICLEDETECTION15,19,14KIMANDMALIK14INTRODUCEDAMODELBASEDVEHICLEDETECTIONALGORITHMEVENTUALLYADOPTEDBYTHENGSIMNEXTGENERATIONSIMULATIONABCFIGURE1ATHEENTIRESCENESUDDENLYBECOMESDARKBYANAUTOIRISCAMERAASTHETWOWHITEVEHICLESINTHEBOTTOMPASSBYBADISASTROUSDETECTIONRESULTWITHOUTTHEILLUMINATIONCORRECTIONCANENHANCEDRESULTWITHTHEILLUMINATIONCORRECTIONFORMT,WESTARTWITHTHESTANDARDPROCEDUREWHICHISTO1THRESHOLDTHEDIFFERENCE,2APPLYMORPHOLOGICALOPERATORSORTHRESHOLDAFTEROVERSMOOTHING,AND3PERFORMCONNECTEDCOMPONENTANALYSISTOFILLHOLES,REMOVESMALLREGIONS,ANDFINDOBJECTBLOBSAFTERTHEOBJECTBLOBSAREFOUND,WEAPPLYANADDITIONALVALIDATIONSTEPTOREMOVETHEGHOSTSWEASSUMETHATWITHINALLTHENONGHOSTFOREGROUNDREGIONTHEREEXISTSATLEASTONEVALIDCORNER,IE,ACORNERFEATUREWHICHISNOTFOUNDFROMTHEBACKGROUNDIMAGEFORMOREDETAILSONTHEVALIDCORNER,SEESECTION3ANEXAMPLERESULTISSHOWNINFIGURE1WHERETHEILLUMINATIONCHALLENGECAUSEDBYANAUTOIRISCAMERATHETWOWHITEVEHICLESINTHEBOTTOMCHANGESTHEENTIRESCENEDARKERFIGURE1AANDITCAUSESASIGNIFICANTFALSEALARMSFIGURE1BHOWEVER,THEERRORISMINIMIZEDBYAPPLYINGTHEILLUMINATIONCORRECTIONTHERESULTINGOBJECTBLOBSARENOTTHEFINALRESULTBUTTHEYAREUSEDASSUPPLEMENTARYCUESINTHEFEATURETRACKINGANDGROUPINGWHICHWILLBEDISCUSSEDINTHENEXTSECTION3FEATURETRACKINGANDGROUPINGPREVIOUSFEATUREGROUPINGWORK,3,1,GROUPSCORNERFEATURESDIRECTLYINTOOBJECTSUSINGPROXIMITYANDMOTIONHISTORYSUCHASINGLELEVELGROUPINGISDIFFICULTAND/ORCOMPUTATIONALLYEXPENSIVE,ESPECIALLYWH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簡介：69PRACTICALFAILUREANALYSISVOLUME15OCTOBER2001ANINVESTIGATIONOFTHEDEVELOPMENTOFDEFECTSDURINGFLOWFORMINGOFHIGHSTRENGTHTHINWALLSTEELTUBESKMRAJANANDKNARASIMHANSUBMITTED12JUNE2001INREVISEDFORM6AUGUST2001FLOWFORMINGTECHNOLOGYHASEMERGEDASAPROMISING,ECONOMICALMETALFORMINGTECHNOLOGYDUETOITSABILITYTOPROVIDEHIGHSTRENGTH,HIGHPRECISION,THINWALLEDTUBESWITHEXCELLENTSURFACEFINISHTHISPAPERPRESENTSEXPERIMENTALOBSERVATIONSOFDEFECTSDEVELOPEDDURINGFLOWFORMINGOFHIGHSTRENGTHSAE4130STEELTUBESTHEMAJORDEFECTSOBSERVEDAREFISHSCALING,PREMATUREBURST,DIAMETRALGROWTH,MICROCRACKS,ANDMACROCRACKSTHISPAPERANALYZESTHEDEFECTSANDARRIVESATTHECAUSATIVEFACTORSCONTRIBUTINGTOTHEVARIOUSFAILUREMODESKEYWORDSMETALFORMING,INCLUSIONS,EXPERTSYSTEM,MICROSTRUCTURE,SURFACEFINISHPFANF8200156976?ASMINTERNATIONALINTRODUCTIONFLOWFORMINGISAPROMISING,ECONOMICALMETALFORMINGTECHNOLOGYTHATCANMEETTHECHALLENGINGREQUIREMENTSOFHIGHSPECIFICSTRENGTH,CLOSEDIMENSIONALTOLERANCES,ANDEXCELLENTSURFACEFINISHDEMANDEDBYTHEDEFENSEANDAEROSPACEINDUSTRIESTHERELATIVELYLOWTOOLINGCOSTANDREMARKABLEMATERIALUTILIZATIONDUETOCHIPLESSMETALFORMINGPROVIDEECONOMICDRIVERS,WHILETHEABILITYTOACHIEVEHIGHSTRENGTHFINISHEDPRODUCTFROMLOWSTRENGTHSTARTINGMATERIALISDUETOSTRAINHARDENINGFLOWFORMINGISANINCREMENTALFORMINGPROCESSTHATUSESA3DVARIATIONOFBASICROLLINGPROCESSESANDCOMBINESROLLING,SHEARING,ANDBENDINGINTOONEOPERATIONITISSIMILARTONEITHERUPSETTINGNORSWAGINGESSENTIALLYAPOINTDEFORMATIONMETALFORMINGPROCESS,FLOWFORMINGRESULTSINAPARTHAVINGAHIGHLYDEFORMEDMICROSTRUCTURESIGNIFICANTINCREASESINYIELDSTRENGTH,ULTIMATETENSILESTRENGTH,ANDHARDNESS,ANDACORRESPONDINGREDUCTIONINDUCTILITY,ACCOMPANYTHEFLOWFORMINGPROCESSCONVENTIONALLY,TUBESAREPRODUCEDBYHOTEXTRUSIONFOLLOWEDBYDRAWINGORPILGERINGHOWEVER,ITISNOTPRACTICALTOHOTEXTRUDETHINWALLTUBESBEYONDASPECIFIEDLIMITDRAWINGISANEASIERANDLESSEXPENSIVEPROCESSTHANEXTRUSIONTHEREFORE,ATHICKWALLTUBEISCOLDEXTRUDEDANDFINISHEDONADRAWBENCHORPILGERMILLTHEDRAWINGPROCESSISESSENTIALLYATENSILEPROCESSMICROCRACKSANDOTHERDEFECTSINSIDETHEMATERIALTENDTOPROPAGATEDURINGTHEDRAW,LEADINGTOFAILURETHEAREAREDUCTIONISTYPICALLYLIMITEDTO10FOREACHDRAWOFAHARDMATERIAL,ANDTHETOTALREDUCTIONMAYREQUIREANUMBEROFANNEALINGCYCLES1ANINCREASEINTHENUMBEROFDRAWING/ANNEALINGCYCLESINCREASESTHECOSTOFPRODUCTIONITISOBVIOUSLYVERYEXPENSIVETOUSEDRAWINGOPERATIONSTOPRODUCECOMPONENTSFROMHARDTOWORKMATERIALSHOWEVER,IFDIMENSIONALTOLERANCESARENOTCRITICAL,ITISADVISABLETOUSECHEAPCONVENTIONALCOLDDRAWNSTEELCDSTUBEFLOWFORMING,THEREFORE,OFFERSSEVERALADVANTAGESOVERCONVENTIONALTUBEMAKINGMETHODSTHEFLOWFORMINGPROCESSFLOWFORMINGISUSEDTOPRODUCEASEAMLESSTUBEWITHTIGHTDIMENSIONALTOLERANCESSEAMLESSTUBING,THEORETICALLY,MAYREPRESENTTHEULTIMATEINRELIABILITY2AMETALBLANKORPREFORMISFORMEDOVERAROTATINGMANDRELTHEMETALBLANKANDTHEMANDRELWHICHARELOCKEDTOGETHERROTATE,ANDTHEFORMINGROLLERFOLLOWSTHEMANDRELATAPRESETTHATHASBEENPROGRAMMEDINTOACNCFLOWFORMINGMACHINETHEPREFORMMETALISPLASTICIZEDBYTHELOCALAPPLICATIONOFHEAVYCOMPRESSIVEFORCESEXERTEDBYCONICALROLLERSTHEDEFORMEDMETALTAKESTHESHAPEOFTHEMANDREL,ANDPROPERWALLTHICKNESSISACHIEVEDBYCONTROLOFTHEGAPBETWEENTHEROLLERSANDTHEMANDRELFLOWFORMINGCANBEDIVIDEDINTOTWODISTINCTPROCESSESFORWARDFLOWFORMINGANDREVERSEFLOWFORMINGINFORWARDFLOWFORMING,ROLLERFEEDANDDEFORMEDMATERIALMOVEMENTAREINTHESAMEDIRECTIONTHEFORMEDMATERIALISUNDERTENSION,ANDTHEKMRAJAN,ARMAMENTRESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTESTABLISHMENT,PUNE411021,INDIAKNARASIMHAN,DEPARTMENTOFMETALLURGICALENGINEERINGANDMATERIALSSCIENCE,IIT,BOMBAY400076,INDIACONTACTEMAILNARAMETIITBACIN71PRACTICALFAILUREANALYSISVOLUME15OCTOBER2001HARDNESSANDPERCENTAGETHICKNESSREDUCTIONASSOCIATEDWITHEACHPASSARESHOWNINTABLE1THEFLOWFORMEDTUBE,AFTERUNDERGOINGATOTALPERCENTAGETHICKNESSREDUCTIONOFABOUT88,WASTRIMMED,ANDTENSILETESTSAMPLESWERETAKENFROMAFULLYFORMEDEXTRALENGTHOFTHETUBEASPERASTMA370FIG3THESPECIFIEDANDACHIEVEDMECHANICALPROPERTIESANDDIMENSIONALACCURACIESAREPRESENTEDINTABLE2PROOFPRESSURETESTINGTUBESTHATSATISFIEDTHESPECIFIEDMECHANICALPROPERTIESANDDIMENSIONALACCURACYREQUIREMENTSWERESUBJECTEDTO100HYDRAULICTESTINGTHETUBESWERESUBJECTEDTOAPRESSURE10ABOVETHEMAXIMUMEXPECTEDOPERATINGPRESSUREFORABOUTONEMIN,THENCHECKEDFORPERMANENTSET,IFANY,ANDPREMATUREFAILURENOTESTINGININDUCEDFAILUREORPERMANENTSETWASACCEPTEDAFTERPASSINGTHISTEST,THETUBESWERESUBJECTEDTOBURSTTESTINGBURSTPRESSURETESTINGONETUBEOUTOFEACHGROUPMANUFACTUREDFROMTHESAMEHEATOFSTEELANDLOTOFPROCESSEDPREFORMSWASRANDOMLYSELECTEDANDSUBJECTEDTOBURSTPRESSURETESTINGTHEBURSTPRESSURETESTCONFIRMSTHEMARGINOFSAFETYOVERTHEMAXIMUMEXPECTEDOPERATINGPRESSUREAFEWBURSTTUBESARESHOWNINFIG4DEFECTSDEFECTSINTHEFLOWFORMEDTUBESMAYCAUSEFAILUREINTHEPROOFORTHEBURSTTESTSTHETYPESOFDEFECTSANDASSOCIATEDFAILURESCANBECATEGORIZEDASMICROCRACKS,MACROCRACKS,DIAMETRALGROWTH,OVALITY,FISHSCALING,ANDPREMATUREBURSTINGTHEFLOWFORMINGPROCESSOCCASIONALLYINTRODUCESWAVINESSORBULGESONTHEOUTERFACEOFTUBESSUCHDEFECTSOCCURONLYUNDERCERTAINWORKINGCONDITIONSTHISPHENOMENONISCALLED“PLASTICFLOWINSTABILITY”5KOBAYASHI7ANALYZEDINSTABILITYINCONESPINTABLE2MECHANICALPROPERTIESANDDIMENSIONALTOLERANCESOFFLOWFORMEDTUBEMECHANICALPROPERTIESDIMENSIONALTOLERANCESUTS02YIELDSTRENGTHEIOVALITYSTRAIGHTNESSSURFACEROUGHNESSMPAMPAMMMMCLAΜMSPECIFIED1200MIN900MIN6MIN02MAX015MAXACTUAL1250135095011007801502001015N5N6TABLE1FLOWFORMINGSEQUENCEWITHTHICKNESSANDHARDNESSVARIATIONSINEACHPASSPASSNOINITIALTHICKNESSFINALTHICKNESSINITIALHARDNESSFINALHARDNESSTHICKNESSOFPREFORMMMMMHRCHRCREDUCTION119509752128502975487528305034875200303160FIG4BURSTPRESSURETESTEDFLOWFORMEDTUBE

簡介：MECHANICALPROPERTIESOFHYDROXYLFUNCTIONALIZEDCHLORINATEDPOLYETHYLENEPREPAREDBYINSITUCHLORINATINGGRAFTCOPOLYMERIZATIONYINGYINGSUNGENGPINGWANBAOXINGWANGJIRUOZHAOYINGFENGRECEIVED21JANUARY2008/ACCEPTED3JUNE2008/PUBLISHEDONLINE4JULY2008SPRINGERSCIENCEBUSINESSMEDIABV2008ABSTRACTAGRAFTCOPOLYMERCOMPOSEDOFPOLY2HYDROXYETHYLACRYLATEPHEAASBRANCHEDCHAINSANDCHLORINATEDPOLYETHYLENECPEASBACKBONE,CPECGHEA,WASSYNTHESIZEDBYINSITUCHLORINATINGGRAFTCOPOLYMERIZATIONISCGCTHEPOLYMERHASSPECIALMOLECULARSTRUCTUREWITHSHORTGRAFTCHAINSANDABUNDANTBRANCHEDPOINTSTHEMECHANICALPROPERTIESOFCPECGHEAWERESTUDIEDBYTENSILETESTING,DIFFERENTIALSCANNINGCALORIMETRYDSC,DYNAMICMECHANICALANALYSISDMATHEMORPHOLOGIESOFTENSILEFRACTUREDSURFACESFORCPEANDCPECGHEAWEREINVESTIGATEDBYSCANNINGELECTRONMICROSCOPESEMTHETESTINGRESULTSINDICATEDTHEMECHANICALPROPERTIESOFTHEINSITUCHLORINATINGGRAFTCOPOLYMERSHAVEGREATLYIMPROVEDCOMPAREDWITHCPEWITHABOUTTHESAMECHLORINECONTENTPARTICULARLY,THEREWASABROADPLATEAUONTHESTRESS–STRAINCURVEOFTHEGRAFTCOPOLYMER,WHICHMEANTAHIGHELASTICLIKEDEFORMATIONKEYWORDSCPECGHEAFUNCTIONALIZATIONMECHANICALPROPERTIESSTRESS–STRAINCURVEINSITUCHLORINATINGGRAFTCOPOLYMERIZATIONABBREVIATIONSHEA2HYDROXYETHYLACRYLATECPECHLORINATEDPOLYETHYLENEISCGCINSITUCHLORINATINGGRAFTCOPOLYMERIZATIONCPECGHEAPOLYETHYLENEINSITUCHLORINATINGGRAFT2HYDROXYETHYLACRYLATEDSCDIFFERENTIALSCANNINGCALORIMETRYDMADYNAMICMECHANICALANALYSISSEMSCANNINGELECTRONMICROSCOPEHDPEHIGHDENSITYPOLYETHYLENEGDGRAFTDEGREEGPCGELPERMEATIONCHROMATOGRAPHYWAXDWIDEANGLEXRAYDIFFRACTIONTGGLASSTRANSITIONTEMPERATUREE’STORAGEMODULUSTANΔLOSSTANGENTINTRODUCTIONINORDERTOEXTENDTHEAPPLICATIONOFCHLORINATEDPOLYETHYLENECPEOROBTAINPOLYMERSWITHSPECIALUSE,CPENEEDSTOBEMODIFIEDBYPHYSICALORCHEMICALMETHODSTHEREAREMANYREPORTSINRECENTYEARSABOUTTHEMODIFICATIONOFCPEEXAMPLESOFSUCHMODIFICATIONINCLUDEADDINGCHLORINATEDPARAFFIN,AHINDEREDPHENOLCOMPOUNDANDORGANICCOMPOUNDSETCTOOBTAINBOTHGOODDAMPINGPROPERTYANDHIGHSTIFFNESS1–6BYMULTICOMPONENTMECHANICALBLENDINGTECHNOLOGY,AWATERSWELLABLEELASTOMERWHICHISCOMPATIBILIZEDWITHGRAFTCOPOLYMERSHASBEENPREPAREDUSINGCPEANDPOLYACRYLICACID–ACRYLICAMIDEASTHECHIEFMATERIALSANDANAMPHIPHILICGRAFTCOPOLYMERASTHECOMPATIBILIZER7CARBONBLACKCBASREINFORCINGFILLERISALSOFILLEDINTOCPEFOROBTAININGGOODPROPERTIESFORBINARYSYSTEMSOFCPEANDCB,OXIDIZEDCBGIVESAHIGHMODULUSATLOWSTRAINAMPLITUDE8BECAUSEBOTHPOLYURETHANEANDCPEHAVEPOLARFUNCTIONALGROUPSWHICHMAYINTERACTTOFORMINTERCHAINCROSSLINKSONHEATING,BLENDSOFPOLYURETHANEANDCHLORINATEDPOLYETHYLENEELASTOMERHAVEBEENPREPAREDTOOBTAINBETTERPERFORMANCEPROPERTIESTHROUGHINTERCHAINCROSSLINKINGREACTION9ONEOFTHETYPICALCHEMICALMODIFICATIONSBASINGONCPEISTHEPREPARATIONOFCHLORJPOLYMRES200916165–172DOI101007/S1096500892142YSUNGWANBWANGJZHAOYFENGKEYLABORATORYOFRUBBERPLASTICS,MINISTRYOFEDUCATION,QINGDAOUNIVERSITYOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY,QINGDAO266042,PEOPLE’SREPUBLICOFCHINAEMAILJIRUOZHAOQUSTEDUCNSUPPLIEDBYQINGDAOSODIUMSILICATECOLTD,CHINACHLORINATEDPOLYETHYLENEANDTHEGRAFTCOPOLYMERCPECGHEAWEREPREPAREDBYTHEAUTHORINLABORATORYGRAFTDEGREEGDOFCPECGHEAISDETERMINEDBY1HNMRSPECTROSCOPYTHEDETERMININGDETAILSOFGRAFTCOPOLYMERIZATIONOFCPECGHEAAREGOINGTOBEPUBLISHEDELSEWHERETHESYNTHESISOFCPECGHEAISCGCWASCARRIEDOUT18INA500MLROUNDBOTTOMTHREENECKEDFLASKEQUIPPEDWITHAVANESTIRRER,ATHERMOMETER,ANDAGASDELIVERYTUBE50GHDPEANDACERTAINAMOUNTOFHEAMONOMERSWEREADDEDINTOTHEFLASKITWASSTIRREDAROUND30MINTOMAKEHDPEANDHEASUFFICIENTLYMIXEDTHENAPPROPRIATEAMOUNTOFSILICONDIOXIDEWASADDEDTOAVOIDTHEAGGLOMERATIONOFPETHEREACTIONMIXTUREWASDEAERATEDBYNITROGENN2ATABOUT40°CFOR15MINTOELIMINATEOXYGENGASO2THENCHLORINEWASINTRODUCEDINTOTHEREACTORTHEREACTIONWASINITIATEDTHEREACTIONTEMPERATUREWASELEVATEDASTHEREACTIONPROCEEDEDANDWASKEPTIN80±2°CBEFORETHECHLORINECONTENTREACHED17,ANDTHENWASRAISEDTOCERTAINTEMPERATUREBELOW140°CTHROUGHTHEREACTIONPROCESSTHEREACTIONPROCESSWASINDICATEDBYTHEAMOUNTOFHYDROGENCHLORIDEHCLRELEASEDFROMTHEREACTIONSYSTEMTHECHLORINEGASWASSTOPPEDANDTHEREACTIONWASTERMINATEDWHENTHEDESIREDCHLORINECONTENTWASREACHEDTHESYSTEMWASCOOLEDDOWNTOBELOW100°CTHECHLORINEGASINTHEREACTORWASDRAWNOUTBYVACUUMANDTHENAIRWASLETINTOTHEREACTORTHEVACUUMANDAIRINFLUXOPERATIONSWEREPERFORMEDALTERNATELYSOMETIMESTOENSURETHERESIDUALCHLORINECLEANEDOUTCOMPLETELYSYNTHETICSCHEMEFORTHEPREPARATIONOFCPECGHEAISSHOWNINFIG1DIFFERENTIALSCANNINGCALORIMETRYDSCDSCMEASUREMENTSWERECARRIEDOUTWITHAPERKINELMERDSC7CALORIMETERTHESAMPLESWEREHEATEDFROM?70TO150°CATAHEATINGRATEOF10°C/MINTOINVESTIGATETHEGLASSTRANSITIONTEMPERATUREOFPOLYMERSTHETESTSWERECARRIEDOUTUNDERANITROGENFLOWANDASAMPLEOF9TO12MGWASUSEDDYNAMICMECHANICALANALYSISDMATHEDYNAMICMECHANICALPROPERTIESOFVARIOUSSAMPLESWEREDETERMINEDWITHADYNAMICMECHANICALANALYZERNETZSCHDMA242,USINGADYNAMICTENSILEMODEINARANGOF?100°CTO120°CATACONSTANTFREQUENCYOF156HZANDAHEATINGRATEOF3°C/MINSCANNINGELECTRONMICROSCOPESEMSEMJEOLJSM6700FWASUSEDTOSTUDYTHEMORPHOLOGIESOFFRACTURESURFACESOBTAINEDFROMTENSILETESTINGTHEFRACTURESURFACESWERECOATEDWITHGOLDBYJFC1600AUTOFINECOATERANDTHENEXAMINEDBYSEMMECHANICALPROPERTIESTENSILEPROPERTIESWEREMEASUREDWITHAGOTECHAI7000MUNIVERSALTESTINGMACHINEATROOMT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簡介：SCENERECOGNITIONFORMINERESCUEROBOTLOCALIZATIONBASEDONVISIONCUIYIAN崔益安1,2,CAIZIXING蔡自興1,WANGLU王璐11SCHOOLOFINFORMATIONSCIENCEANDENGINEERING,CENTRALSOUTHUNIVERSITY,CHANGSHA410083,CHINA2SCHOOLOFINFOPHYSICSENGINEERING,CENTRALSOUTHUNIVERSITY,CHANGSHA410083,CHINARECEIVED18APRIL2007ACCEPTED13SEPTEMBER2007ABSTRACTANEWSCENERECOGNITIONSYSTEMWASPRESENTEDBASEDONFUZZYLOGICANDHIDDENMARKOVMODELHMMTHATCANBEAPPLIEDINMINERESCUEROBOTLOCALIZATIONDURINGEMERGENCIESTHESYSTEMUSESMONOCULARCAMERATOACQUIREOMNIDIRECTIONALIMAGESOFTHEMINEENVIRONMENTWHERETHEROBOTLOCATESBYADOPTINGCENTERSURROUNDDIFFERENCEMETHOD,THESALIENTLOCALIMAGEREGIONSAREEXTRACTEDFROMTHEIMAGESASNATURALLANDMARKSTHESELANDMARKSAREORGANIZEDBYUSINGHMMTOREPRESENTTHESCENEWHERETHEROBOTIS,ANDFUZZYLOGICSTRATEGYISUSEDTOMATCHTHESCENEANDLANDMARKBYTHISWAY,THELOCALIZATIONPROBLEM,WHICHISTHESCENERECOGNITIONPROBLEMINTHESYSTEM,CANBECONVERTEDINTOTHEEVALUATIONPROBLEMOFHMMTHECONTRIBUTIONSOFTHESESKILLSMAKETHESYSTEMHAVETHEABILITYTODEALWITHCHANGESINSCALE,2DROTATIONANDVIEWPOINTTHERESULTSOFEXPERIMENTSALSOPROVETHATTHESYSTEMHASHIGHERRATIOOFRECOGNITIONANDLOCALIZATIONINBOTHSTATICANDDYNAMICMINEENVIRONMENTSKEYWORDSROBOTLOCATIONSCENERECOGNITIONSALIENTIMAGEMATCHINGSTRATEGYFUZZYLOGICHIDDENMARKOVMODEL1INTRODUCTIONSEARCHANDRESCUEINDISASTERAREAINTHEDOMAINOFROBOTISABURGEONINGANDCHALLENGINGSUBJECT1MINERESCUEROBOTWASDEVELOPEDTOENTERMINESDURINGEMERGENCIESTOLOCATEPOSSIBLEESCAPEROUTESFORTHOSETRAPPEDINSIDEANDDETERMINEWHETHERITISSAFEFORHUMANTOENTERORNOTLOCALIZATIONISAFUNDAMENTALPROBLEMINTHISFIELDLOCALIZATIONMETHODSBASEDONCAMERACANBEMAINLYCLASSIFIEDINTOGEOMETRIC,TOPOLOGICALORHYBRIDONES2WITHITSFEASIBILITYANDEFFECTIVENESS,SCENERECOGNITIONBECOMESONEOFTHEIMPORTANTTECHNOLOGIESOFTOPOLOGICALLOCALIZATIONCURRENTLYMOSTSCENERECOGNITIONMETHODSAREBASEDONGLOBALIMAGEFEATURESANDHAVETWODISTINCTSTAGESTRAININGOFFLINEANDMATCHINGONLINEDURINGTHETRAININGSTAGE,ROBOTCOLLECTSTHEIMAGESOFTHEENVIRONMENTWHEREITWORKSANDPROCESSESTHEIMAGESTOEXTRACTGLOBALFEATURESTHATREPRESENTTHESCENESOMEAPPROACHESWEREUSEDTOANALYZETHEDATASETOFIMAGEDIRECTLYANDSOMEPRIMARYFEATURESWEREFOUND,SUCHASTHEPCAMETHOD3HOWEVER,THEPCAMETHODISNOTEFFECTIVEINDISTINGUISHINGTHECLASSESOFFEATURESANOTHERTYPEOFAPPROACHUSESAPPEARANCEFEATURESINCLUDINGCOLOR,TEXTUREANDEDGEDENSITYTOREPRESENTTHEIMAGEFOREXAMPLE,ZHOUETAL4USEDMULTIDIMENSIONALHISTOGRAMSTODESCRIBEGLOBALAPPEARANCEFEATURESTHISMETHODISSIMPLEBUTSENSITIVETOSCALEANDILLUMINATIONCHANGESINFACT,ALLKINDSOFGLOBALIMAGEFEATURESARESUFFEREDFROMTHECHANGEOFENVIRONMENTLOWE5PRESENTEDASIFTMETHODTHATUSESSIMILARITYINVARIANTDESCRIPTORSFORMEDBYCHARACTERISTICSCALEANDORIENTATIONATINTERESTPOINTSTOOBTAINTHEFEATURESTHEFEATURESAREINVARIANTTOIMAGESCALING,TRANSLATION,ROTATIONANDPARTIALLYINVARIANTTOILLUMINATIONCHANGESBUTSIFTMAYGENERATE1000ORMOREINTERESTPOINTS,WHICHMAYSLOWDOWNTHEPROCESSORDRAMATICALLYDURINGTHEMATCHINGSTAGE,NEARESTNEIGHBORSTRATEGYNNISWIDELYADOPTEDFORITSFACILITYANDINTELLIGIBILITY6BUTITCANNOTCAPTURETHECONTRIBUTIONOFINDIVIDUALFEATUREFORSCENERECOGNITIONINEXPERIMENTS,THENNISNOTGOODENOUGHTOEXPRESSTHESIMILARITYBETWEENTWOPATTERNSFURTHERMORE,THESELECTEDFEATURESCANNOTREPRESENTTHESCENETHOROUGHLYACCORDINGTOTHESTATEOFARTPATTERNRECOGNITION,WHICHMAKESRECOGNITIONNOTRELIABLE7SOINTHISWORKANEWRECOGNITIONSYSTEMISPRESENTED,WHICHISMORERELIABLEANDEFFECTIVEIFITISUSEDFOUNDATIONITEMPROJECT60234030SUPPORTEDBYTHENATIONALNATURALSCIENCEFOUNDATIONOFCHINAPROJECTA1420060159SUPPORTEDBYTHEBASICRESEARCHPROGRAMOFTHE11THFIVEYEARPLANOFCHINACORRESPONDINGAUTHORCUIYIANTEL867318877075EMAILCSUIAGMAILCSUEDUCNCUIYIAN,ETAL/TRANSNONFERROUSMETSOCCHINA182008434FIG1SALIENCYDETECTIONONREALMINEIMAGESAORIGINALIMAGE,BOBTAINEDLANDMARKREGIONSFIG2EXPERIMENTONVIEWPOINTCHANGES3SCENERECOGNITIONANDLOCALIZATIONDIFFERENTFROMOTHERSCENERECOGNITIONSYSTEMS,OURSYSTEMDOESN’TNEEDTRAININGOFFLINEINOTHERWORDS,OURSCENESARENOTCLASSIFIEDINADVANCEWHENROBOTWANDERS,SCENESCAPTUREDATINTERVALSOFFIXEDTIMEAREUSEDTOBUILDTHEVERTEXOFATOPOLOGICALMAP,WHICHREPRESENTSTHEPLACEWHEREROBOTLOCATESALTHOUGHTHEMAP’SGEOMETRICLAYOUTISIGNOREDBYTHELOCALIZATIONSYSTEM,ITISUSEFULFORVISUALIZATIONANDDEBUGGING13ANDBENEFICIALTOPATHPLANNINGSOLOCALIZATIONMEANSSEARCHINGTHEBESTMATCHOFCURRENTSCENEONTHEMAPINTHISPAPERHIDDENMARKOVMODELISUSEDTOORGANIZETHEEXTRACTEDLANDMARKSFROMCURRENTSCENEANDCREATETHEVERTEXOFTOPOLOGICALMAPFORITSPARTIALINFORMATIONRESUMINGABILITYRESEMBLEDBYPANORAMICVISIONSYSTEM,ROBOTLOOKSAROUNDTOGETOMNIIMAGESFROMEACHIMAGE,SALIENTLOCALREGIONSAREDETECTEDANDFORMEDTOBEASEQUENCE,NAMEDASLANDMARKSEQUENCEWHOSEORDERISTHESAMEASTHEIMAGESEQUENCETHENAHIDDENMARKOVMODELISCREATEDBASEDONTHELANDMARKSEQUENCEINVOLVINGKSALIENTLOCALIMAGEREGIONS,WHICHISTAKENASTHEDESCRIPTIONOFTHEPLACEWHERETHEROBOTLOCATESINOURSYSTEMEVID70CAMERAHASAVIEWFIELDOF±170?CONSIDERINGTHEOVERLAPEFFECT,WESAMPLEENVIRONMENTEVERY45?TOGET8IMAGESLETTHE8IMAGESASHIDDENSTATESI1≤I≤8,THECREATEDHMMCANBEILLUSTRATEDBYFIG3THEPARAMETERSOFHMM,AIJANDBJK,AREACHIEVEDBYLEARNING,USINGBAULMWELCHALGORITHM14THETHRESHOLDOFCONVERGENCEISSETAS0001ASFORTHEEDGEOFTOPOLOGICALMAP,WEASSIGNIT