簡介：C?2008,THEAUTHORSJOURNALCOMPILATIONC?2008,BLACKWELLPUBLISHING,INCDOI101111/J15408175200800679XECHOCARDIOGRAPHICDIASTOLICDYSFUNCTIONANDMAGNETICRESONANCEINFARCTSIZEINHEALEDMYOCARDIALINFARCTIONTREATEDWITHPRIMARYANGIOPLASTYANDREABARBIERI,MD,?FRANCESCABURSI,MD,MSC,?LUIGIPOLITI,MD,?LUCAROSSI,MD,?FEDERICAFIOCCHI,MD,?GUIDOLIGABUE,MD,?ALESSANDROPINGITORE,MD,?VINCENZOPOSITANO,MD,?PIETROTORRICELLI,MD,?ANDMARIAGRAZIAMODENA,MD??DEPARTMENTOFCARDIOLOGY,?DEPARTMENTOFRADIOLOGY,MODENAANDREGGIOEMILIAUNIVERSITY,MODENA,ITALYAND?CNRINSTITUTEOFCLINICALPHYSIOLOGY,PISA,ITALYBACKGROUNDAFTERACUTEMYOCARDIALINFARCTIONMITHESEVERITYOFDIASTOLICDYSFUNCTIONBYECHOCARDIOGRAPHYREPRESENTSANINDEPENDENTPROGNOSTICMARKERHOWEVER,THEMECHANISMSWHEREBYDIASTOLICDYSFUNCTIONPORTENDSANINCREASEDRISKAFTERMIARENOTFULLYUNDERSTOODWEINVESTIGATEDTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENECHOCARDIOGRAPHICDIASTOLICDYSFUNCTIONSEVERITYANDINFARCTSIZEQUANTITATIVELYMEASUREDBYCONTRASTENHANCEDMAGNETICRESONANCECEMRMETHODSCROSSSECTIONALPROSPECTIVESTUDYWEQUANTIFIED“HEALED”INFARCTSIZEBYCEMRMEASURINGTHEPERCENTAGEOFDELAYEDENHANCEMENTWITHRESPECTTOLEFTVENTRICULARMASSANDDIASTOLICFUNCTIONBYDOPPLERECHOCARDIOGRAPHYBOTHEXAMSWERESCHEDULEDATLEAST1MONTHAFTERAFIRSTACUTESTSEGMENTELEVATIONMISTEMISUCCESSFULLYTREATEDWITHPRIMARYANGIOPLASTYANDSTENTINGTOINCREASETHESPECIFICITY,INDIVIDUALECHOCARDIOGRAPHICPARAMETERSWEREINTEGRATEDTOGRADEGLOBALDIASTOLICFUNCTIONIN4GRADESNORMALDIASTOLICFUNCTION,IMPAIREDRELAXATIONWITHNORMAL,ORNEARNORMALFILLINGPRESSURESIMPAIREDRELAXATIONWITHMODERATEELEVATIONOFFILLINGPRESSURES,ANDIMPAIREDRELAXATIONWITHMARKEDELEVATIONOFFILLINGPRESSURES,“RESTRICTIVEFILLING”RESULTSWEPROSPECTIVELYENROLLED52PATIENTSMEANAGE62±13YEARS,77MENCEMRANDECHOCARDIOGRAPHYWEREPERFORMED48±15DAYSAFTERTHEMITHEREWASASIGNIFICANTBUTMODESTCORRELATIONBETWEENDIASTOLICFUNCTIONGRADEANDINFARCTSIZER0423,P0002,WHICHWASINDEPENDENTOFGLOBALANDREGIONALSYSTOLICFUNCTIONANDPERSISTEDAFTERFURTHERADJUSTMENTFORAGE,SEX,BODYSURFACEAREA,LEFTVENTRICULARMASS,ENDDIASTOLICVOLUMES,ANDSPHERICITYINDEXALLP10,E/VP15,DECREASEINE/A≥05DURINGVALSALVAMANEUVER,“PSEUDONORMALFILLING”GRADEII/IVANDIMPAIREDRELAXATIONWITHMARKEDELEVATIONOFFILLINGPRESSURES,“RESTRICTIVEFILLING”DECELERATIONTIME15GRADESIIIIV/IVASPREVIOUSLYDESCRIBED19LEFTATRIALVOLUMEWASASSESSEDBYTHEMODIFIEDSIMPSONMETHODFROMAPICALFOURANDTWOCHAMBERVIEWSMEASUREMENTSWEREOBTAINEDINENDSYSTOLEFROMTHEFRAMEPRECEDINGMITRALVALVEOPENING,ANDTHEVOLUMEWASINDEXEDTOBSA20MITRALREGURGITATIONWASQUANTIFIEDBYCALCULATINGTHEAREAOFTHEREGURGITANTJETWITHCOLORDOPPLER21EACHVALUEREPRESENTSTHEAVERAGEOFTHREECONSECUTIVEBEATSDETERMINATIONOFINFARCTSIZEBYCEMRIMAGINGMRIPROTOCOLMRIWASPERFORMEDONA15TWHOLEBODYSCANNERINTERACV,PHILIPSMEDICALSYSTEMSEQUIPPEDWITHQUASARGRADIENTSCARDIACMRIWASPERFORMEDWITHTHEFIVEELEMENTCARDIACSYNERGYCOILCARDIACSYNCHRONIZATIONWASOBTAINEDBYMEANSOFVECTORELECTROCARDIOGRAPHICGATINGTHESTUDYPROTOCOLCONSISTEDOFCINEMRIATRESTTOEVALUATEREGIONALANDGLOBALLEFTVENTRICULARFUNCTIONANDVOLUMES,FOLLOWEDBYACEMRITODETERMINETHEPRESENCEANDTHEEXTENTOFINFARCTEDTISSUETENTOTWELVE,DEPENDINGONTHEHEARTSIZE,CINESHORTAXISVIEWSWEREIMAGEDFROMAPEXTOBASEWITHASENSITIVITYENCODEDBALANCEDFASTFIELDECHOBFFESEQUENCEDURINGBREATHHOLDSOFAPPROXIMATELY15SECONDSTHEFOLLOWINGPARAMETERSWEREUSEDECHOTIME,17MSECREPETITIONTIME,40MSECSLICETHICKNESS,8MMWITHNOINTERSLICEGAPFIELDOFVIEW,320MMDATAMATRIXSIZE,256224MMPHASEOFFIELD,075TRIGGERDELAY,MINIMUM85VIEWSPERSEGMENTS,8–14ACCORDINGTOTHEHEARTRATEFLIPANGLE,45?ATLEAST30CINEFRAMESWEREOBTAINEDFOREACHSLICETHESAMEGEOMETRYSETTINGSOFTHEBASELINESCANSWEREREPEATEDTOOBTAINCOMPARABLESLICESPOSTCONTRASTDELAYEDIMAGESWEREACQUIREDINTHESHORTAXISOFTHELEFTVENTRICLE15MINUTESAFTERBOLUSINJECTIONOFGADOLINIUMINENDDIASTOLEFORTHEEVALUATIONOFMYOCARDIALDISTRIBUTIONOFHYPERENHANCEMENTA3DGRADIENTECHOBASEDSEQUENCEWITHINVERSIONPREPULSEWASUSEDWITHTHEFOLLOWINGPARAMETERSECHOTIME,42MSECFLIPANGLE,20MATRIX,256160NEX,200FOV,36CMSLICETHICKNESS,8MMTHEINVERSIONTIMERANGEDFROM260TO340MSECAREALTIMEOPTIONALLOWINGTHEINTERACTIVECHANGEOFINVERSIONTIMEWASUSEDTOOPTIMIZETHISPARAMETERUNTILTHENULLINGOFMYOCARDIUMWASOBTAINEDAVARIABLENUMBEROFSHORTAXISSLICES10±18,MAXIMUM11,MINIMUM8WERETRACEDFROMTHEBASETOTHEAPEXTOCOVERTHEENTIRELEFTVENTRICLEALSO,ONEVERTICALANDONEHORIZONTALLONGAXISVIEWSWEREACQUIREDTOASSESSTHEAPEXDEFINITIONSANDDATAANALYSISIMAGESWEREANALYZEDONAOFFLINEWORKSTATIONVIEWFORUM32PHILIPSMEDICALSYSTEMSFORREGIONALANALYSIS,THELEFTVENTRICLEWASDIVIDEDINTO17MYOCARDIALSEGMENTS14TOASSESSINFARCTSIZE,THEEXTENTOFDELAYEDENHANCEDAREASWASMEASUREDUSINGASEMIAUTOMATIC,PREVIOUSLYVALIDATEDSOFTWARE22THEANALYSISWASDONEINALLSHORTAXISIMAGESANDINTWOLONGAXISIMAGESFORTHEANALYSISOFVENTRICULARAPEXINEACHIMAGE,THEBOUNDARIESOFCONTRASTENHANCEDAREASWEREAUTOMATICALLYTRACEDAND,EVENTUALLY,MANUALLYCORRECTEDSEGMENTALEXTENTOFINFARCTIONWASSCOREDBYTHECONSENSUSOFTWOINVESTIGATORSFF,GL,BLINDEDTOTHECLINICALDATAREGIONSOFINTERESTWEREACCEPTEDVOL25,NO6,2008ECHOCARDIOGRAPHYAJRNLOFCVULTRASOUNDALLIEDTECH577

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簡介：EASYSYNTHESISOFNITROGENDOPEDGRAPHENE–SILVERNANOPARTICLEHYBRIDSBYTHERMALTREATMENTOFGRAPHITEOXIDEWITHGLYCINEANDSILVERNITRATESUNDARMAYAVAN,JUNBOSIM,SUNGMINCHOIDEPARTMENTOFNUCLEARANDQUANTUMENGINEERING,KOREAADVANCEDINSTITUTEOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYKAIST,291DAEHAKRO,YUSEONGGU,DAEJEON305701,REPUBLICOFKOREAARTICLEINFOARTICLEHISTORYRECEIVED23DECEMBER2011ACCEPTED28JUNE2012AVAILABLEONLINE5JULY2012ABSTRACTNITROGENDOPEDGRAPHENE–SILVERNANOPARTICLEHYBRIDSWEREPREPAREDBYTHERMALTREATMENTOFGRAPHITEOXIDEGOWITHGLYCINEANDSILVERNITRATEAT500?CGLYCINEWASUSEDTOREDUCETHENITRATEIONS,RESULTINGINTHEDECOMPOSITIONOFAGLYCINE–NITRATEMIXTURENEAR200?CTHEPRODUCTSOFDECOMPOSITIONACTASSOURCESFORNITROGENDOPINGTHETHERMALTREATMENTOFAMIXTUREOFGO,GLYCINEANDSILVERNITRATERESULTSINTHEFORMATIONOFSILVERNANOPARTICLESAT100?C,PROMOTESTHEREDUCTIONOFGONEAR200?C,ANDGENERATESPYRROLICANDPYRIDINICTYPENITROGENDOPINGINGRAPHENEAT300AND500?C,RESPECTIVELYTHEATOMICPERCENTAGEOFNITROGENINASPREPAREDSAMPLEISABOUT135THISAPPROACHOPENSUPANEWPOSSIBILITYFORTHESYNTHESISOFNITROGENDOPEDGRAPHENEDECORATEDWITHVARIOUSMETALLICNANOPARTICLES,WHICHCOULDFINDIMPORTANTAPPLICATIONSINTHEFIELDSOFENERGYSTORAGEANDCONVERSIONDEVICES?2012ELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVED1INTRODUCTIONGRAPHENE,ABASICBUILDINGBLOCKINALLGRAPHITICMATERIAL,ISASINGLELAYEROFCARBONATOMSARRANGEDINHONEYCOMBLATTICEGRAPHENEEXHIBITSUNIQUESTRUCTUREDEPENDENTELECTRONIC,MECHANICAL,CHEMICALPROPERTIESANDHASHIGHSURFACEAREA2630–2965M2G?11–3CHEMICALDOPINGOFGRAPHENEWITHFOREIGNATOMSLIKENITROGENHASATTRACTEDAGREATDEALOFATTENTIONDUETOITSPOTENTIALAPPLICATIONSASSENSORS,CATALYSTFORFUELCELL,ANDELECTRODEFORLITHIUMIONBATTERIES4–6NITROGENDOPINGHASBEENEMPLOYEDTOMODIFYTHEELECTRICALANDSTRUCTURALPROPERTIESOFGRAPHENE,ANDSUCHMODIFICATIONRESULTSINGREATERELECTRONMOBILITYANDINDUCESLARGENUMBEROFSURFACEDEFECTSTHEPRESENCEOFLONEPAIROFNITROGENATOMSCANRESULTINGREATIMPROVEMENTOFTHEREACTIVITYANDCATALYTICPERFORMANCEOFGRAPHENENITROGENDOPEDGRAPHENENGSHOWEDAMUCHBETTERACTIVITYANDSTABILITYFOROXYGENREDUCTIONREACTIONORRTHANCOMMERCIALPLATINUMPTCATALYSTUNDERALKALINECONDITIONS5THEOBSERVEDHIGHACTIVITYOFNGFORORRISDUETOTHEHIGHELECTRONACCEPTINGABILITYOFDOPEDNITROGENATOMSWHICHCREATEANETPOSITIVECHARGEONCARBONATOMSFACILITATINGOXYGENADSORPTIONNANOPARTICLESDEPOSITEDONNGSHOWEDHIGHERELECTROCHEMICALACTIVITYANDSTABILITYTHANNANOPARTICLESDEPOSITEDONUNDOPEDGRAPHENEPTLOADEDNGSHOWEDHIGHERPOWERDENSITYTHANPTLOADEDGRAPHENEFORORRDUETOINCREASEDCONDUCTIVITYOFNGANDENHANCEDPTSUPPORTBINDING7ARECENTPUBLICATIONREPORTEDHIGHORRACTIVITYFORCO3O4NANOCRYSTALSGROWNONNGTHANONGRAPHENE8,ADDINGTOTHELISTOFPROPOSEDAPPLICATIONOFNGFORCATALYTICAPPLICATIONSMETHODSFORTHESYNTHESISOFNGMAINLYINCLUDECHEMICALVAPORDEPOSITIONCVD,ARCDISCHARGEOFGRAPHITEINTHEPRESENCEOFNITROGENPRECURSOR,LASERABLATION,ANDNITROGENORAMMONIAPLASMATREATMENTOFGRAPHENE9–11ALLTHESEMETHODSRESULTINNGSWITHUNIQUECHARACTERISTICS,BUTINVOLVEHIGHENERGYCONSUMPTION,SPECIALEXPENSIVE00086223/SEEFRONTMATTER?2012ELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVEDHTTP//DXDOIORG/101016/JCARBON201206055CORRESPONDINGAUTHORFAX82423503810EMAILADDRESSSUNGMINKAISTACKRSMCHOICARBON5020125148–5155AVAILABLEATWWWSCIENCEDIRECTCOMJOURNALHOMEPAGEWWWELSEVIERCOM/LOCATE/CARBONOFAGNO3–GLY–GOANNEALEDATDIFFERENTTEMPERATURESARESHOWNINFIG3THEXRDPATTERNAT100?CSHOWSCLEARPEAKSCORRESPONDINGTO111,200,220AND311OFMETALLICAGALONGWITHPEAKSCORRESPONDINGTOAGNO3–GLY,WHICHCLEARLYINDICATESTHEFORMATIONOFAGNANOPARTICLESTHEROLEOFGOINREDUCINGTHEAGIONSWASCONFIRMEDBYTHEABSENCEOFAGCRYSTALLINEPEAKSWHENAMIXTUREOFAGNO3ANDGLYWASANNEALEDAT100?CWITHOUTGOFIGURES5,SUPPORTINGINFORMATIONTHISINDICATESTHATREDUCTIONOFAGIONSOCCURSONLYINTHEPRESENCEOFGOBYELECTRONTRANSFERFROMTHEHYDROXYLFUNCTIONALGROUPSONTHESURFACEOFGO18ITWASNOTEDTHATTHEPEAKSCORRESPONDINGTOGOWERENOTOBSERVEDAT100?C,INDICATINGTHEEXFOLIATIONOFGO19AT200?C,THEPEAKSCORRESPONDINGTOAGNO3–GLYALMOSTDISAPPEARED,SUGGESTINGTHATMOSTOFTHEGLY–NITRATESPECIESHAVEBEENREMOVEDWHICHISCONSISTENTWITHTGAMEASUREMENTASMALLANDBROADPEAKNEAR2H?258?SHOWSUPAT200?C,WHICHCANBEATTRIBUTEDTOSTACKINGOFGRAPHENESHEETSAT300?CAND500?C,THEPEAKSCORRESPONDINGTOAGNO3–GLYCOMPLETELYDISAPPEAREDANDONLYTHEPEAKSCORRESPONDINGTOAGCRYSTALLINEANDSTACKEDGRAPHENESWEREOBSERVEDTHEXPSSPECTRAOFAGNO3–GLY–GOANNEALEDATDIFFERENTTEMPERATUREARESHOWNINFIG4FORALLSAMPLES,CARBONC,OXYGENO,NITROGENNANDAGPHOTOPEAKSAREDETECTEDFIG4ATHEAG3DCOMPONENTISCENTEREDAT3681AND3741EVATALLTEMPERATURESASEXPECTEDFORMETALLICAG20,WHICHISCONSISTENTWITHTHEXRDRESULTSAT100?C,THEHIGHRESOLUTIONC1SXPSSPECTRUMFIG4BSHOWSTWOSEPARATEDPEAKSDUETOTHEHIGHPERCENTAGEOFOXYGENFUNCTIONALITIESEPOXIDE,HYDROXYL,CARBONYL,LACTONE,CARBOXYLRESULTEDFROMGRAPHITEOXIDATION21UPONINCREASINGTHETEMPERATURETO300AND500?C,CCBONDSDOMINATE,ASSHOWNBYONESINGLEPEAK2845EV,WHICHIMPLIESCONSIDERABLEREDUCTIONOFOXYGENCONTAININGGROUPSUPONTHERMALTREATMENTTHEASYMMETRICBROADENINGOFTHEC1SPEAKSTOWARDTHEHIGHBINDINGENERGYSIDEINDICATESTHEINCORPORATIONOFNITROGENINTOGRAPHENESHEETSTOFORMC–NBONDEDGROUPS15FURTHERMORE,THEO1SSPECTRADECREASEWITHTEMPERATUREANDTHEOXYGENATOMICCOMPOSITIONDETERMINEDFROMTHEXPSSPECTRADECREASEDFROM394WTAT100?CDOWNTO738WTIN500?CFIGURES6,SUPPORTINGINFORMATION,INDICATINGTHEREDUCTIONOFGODURINGTHERMALTREATMENTTHETGAMEASUREMENTOFAGNO3–GLY–GOANNEALEDAT500?CFIG3–XRAYDIFFRACTIONPATTERNSOFAGNO3–GLY–GOATVARIOUSTEMPERATURESFIG1–AFESEMIMAGEOFNG–AGANDBFETEMIMAGEOFNG–AGFIG2–TGAPROFILESOFAGNO3–GLYANDAGNO3–GLY–GO5150CARBON5020125148–5155

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簡介：THESOLUBILITIESOFBENZENEPOLYCARBOXYLICACIDSINWATERALEXANDERAPELBLATA,,EMANUELMANZUROLAA,NAZMIAABOBALALBADEPARTMENTOFCHEMICALENGINEERING,BENGURIONUNIVERSITYOFTHENEGEV,POBOX653,BEERSHEVA84105,ISRAELBNEGEVACADEMICCOLLEGEOFENGINEERING,BEERSHEVA,ISRAELRECEIVED30MAY2005RECEIVEDINREVISEDFORM14JULY2005ACCEPTED14JULY2005AVAILABLEONLINE26AUGUST2005ABSTRACTTHESOLUBILITIESINWATEROFALLBENZENEPOLYCARBOXYLICACIDSAREDISCUSSED,USINGDATADETERMINEDINTHISWORKBENZOIC,TEREPHTHALIC,TRIMELLITIC,TRIMESIC,ANDPYROMELLITICACIDSANDAVAILABLEFROMTHELITERATUREBENZOIC,PHTHALIC,ISOPHTHALIC,TEREPHTHALIC,HEMIMELLITIC,TRIMELITIC,TRIMESIC,MELLOPHANIC,PREHNITIC,PYROMELLITIC,BENZENEPENTACARBOXYLICANDMELLITICACIDSTHEAPPARENTMOLARENTHALPIESOFSOLUTIONATTHESATURATIONPOINTFORTHESEBENZENEPOLYCARBOXYLICACIDSWEREDETERMINEDFROMTHETEMPERATUREDEPENDENCEOFTHESOLUBILITIES?2005ELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVEDKEYWORDSBENZENEPOLYCARBOXYLICACIDSSATURATEDAQUEOUSSOLUTIONSMOLARENTHALPIESOFSOLUTION1INTRODUCTIONTHEREARE12BENZENECARBOXYLICACIDSONEMONOBASICACIDBENZOICACID,THREEDIBASICACIDS{BENZENE1,2DICARBOXYLICPHTHALICACID,BENZENE1,3DICARBOXYLICISOPHTHALICACID,ANDBENZENE1,4DICARBOXYLICTEREPHTHALICACID},THREETRIBASICACIDS{BENZENE1,2,3TRICARBOXYLICHEMIMELLITIC,BENZENE1,2,4TRICARBOXYLICTRIMELLITICACID,ANDBENZENE1,3,5TRICARBOXYLICTRIMESICACID},THREETETRABASICACIDS{BENZENE1,2,3,4TETRACARBOXYLICMELLOPHANICACID,BENZENE1,2,3,5TETRACARBOXYLICPREHNITICACIDANDBENZENE1,2,4,5TETRACARBOXYLICPYROMELLITICACID},ONEPENTABASICACIDBENZENEPENTACARBOXYLICACID,ANDONEHEXABASICACIDBENZENEHEXACARBOXYLICMELLITICACIDLOWERBENZENEPOLYCARBOXYLICACIDSESPECIALLYBENZOICANDPHTHALICACIDSAREPRODUCEDINLARGEQUANTITIESALONGWITHTHEIRVARIOUSESTERDERIVATIVESAREUSEDASINTERMEDIATESINTHEPREPARATIONSOFRESINS,PLASTICIZERS,DYES,INKS,ADHESIVES,ALKALOIDALSOLUTIONS,PHARMACEUTICALANTIFUNGALAIDSANDINTHEPRESERVATIONOFFOODS,FATS,ANDFRUITJUICES1–5ULTRAPUREBENZOICACIDSERVESASASTANDARDINTITRIMETRICANDCALORIMETRICEXPERIMENTSTHEHIGHERBENZENEPOLYCARBOXYLICACIDSARELESSIMPORTANTCOMMERCIALLYHOWEVER,ASTHEYAREFORMEDBYTHEDRASTICOXIDATIONOFGRAPHITE,COALS,WOODLIGNINANDSIMILARMATERIALS,THEYHAVEGEOCHEMICALANDECOLOGICALSIGNIFICANCETHEYAREALSOOFINTERESTINTHEENVIRONMENTALCHEMISTRYOFNATURALWATERSDUETOTHEFORMATIONOFTOXICMETALBENZENEPOLYCARBOXYLICLIGANDS6THESOLUBILITYOFBENZENEPOLYCARBOXYLICACIDSINWATERASAFUNCTIONOFTEMPERATUREVARIESSIGNIFICANTLYUSUALLY,THESOLUBILITYISSMALLANDEVENEXTREMELYSMALLFORTEREPHTHALICACIDTHEACCURACYANDTHEAGREEMENTBETWEENDIFFERENTSOLUBILITYEXPERIMENTSISNOTVERYGOOD7–9ITISCLEARFROMTHERECENTTABULATIONOFSOLUBILITIESOFORGANICCOMPOUNDSINWATERPREPAREDBYYALKOVSKYANDHE9THATONLYTHESOLUBILITIESOFBENZOICANDPHTHALICACIDSAREWELLDOCUMENTEDLESSATTENTIONWASPAIDTOOTHERBENZENEPOLYCARBOXYLICACIDSWHERETHESOLUBILITIESWEREDETERMINEDONLYONCEATONEORFEWTEMPERATURESINTHECONTEXTOFSEPARATION00219614/SEEFRONTMATTER?2005ELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVEDDOI101016/JJCT200507007CORRESPONDINGAUTHORTEL97286461487FAX97286472916EMAILADDRESSAPELBLATBGUACILAAPELBLATWWWELSEVIERCOM/LOCATE/JCTJCHEMTHERMODYNAMICS382006565–571OLNDMM?TOD1TT??DSOLHDTTR?1?0001HM1M?FF?1TOLNC2OLNDMM?T??TD1TWHEREHDENOTESANUMBEROFWATERMOLECULESINTHEHYDRATE,DSOLHTISTHEMOLARENTHALPYOFSOLUTION,C2ISTHEACTIVITYCOEFFICIENTOFTHESOLUTE,M1ISTHEMOLARMASSOFWATER,RISTHEGASCONSTANTANDM?1MOL?KG?1INEQUATION1,ITISASSUMEDTHATTHEDISSOCIATIONOFTHEBENZENEPOLYCARBOXYLICACIDSATTHESATURATIONPOINTISSMALL6ANDTHEYCANBETREATEDASNONELECTROLYTESORHYDRATEDNONELECTROLYTESASTHECHANGEOFACTIVITYCOEFFICIENTSWITHMNEARTHESATURATIONPOINTISUNKNOWN,THEFACTORFISREPLACEDBYUNITYANDTHEENTHALPYOFSOLUTIONBECOMESTHEAPPARENTMOLARENTHALPYOFSOLUTIONIFITISASSUMEDTHATTHEENTHALPYOFSOLUTIONDEPENDSLINEARLYONTHETEMPERATURE,THEINTEGRALFORMOFEQUATION1ISLNDMM?T?ATBDTKTTCLNDTKTD2TWHEREA,B,ANDCAREADJUSTABLECOEFFICIENTSWHICHWEREDETERMINEDBYANUNWEIGHTEDMULTIVARIABLELEASTSQUAREMETHODANDR2ISTHESQUAREDCORRECTIONCOEFFICIENTOFTHEREGRESSIONTHESECOEFFICIENTSAREREPORTEDINTABLE2FORBENZENEPOLYCARBOXYLICACIDSTHEYWERECALCULATEDCOMBININGTHESOLUBILITIESFROMTHISWORKANDFROMTHELITERATUREANDCANBETREATEDASTHE‘‘BEST’’SOLUBILITYCURVESITFOLLOWSFROMEQUATIONS1AND2THATTHEAPPARENTMOLARENTHALPYOFSOLUTIONATTHESATURATIONPOINTISDSOLHDTT?RD1?0001HM1MTDCT?BTD3TWHEREHVALUESWERETAKENFROMTHEYUKHNOANDBIKKULOVWORK11INORDERTOILLUSTRATETHEAGREEMENTBETWEENTHESOLUBILITIESCOMINGFROMDIFFERENTINVESTIGATIONSTHEYAREPLOTTEDINFIGURES1TO8BENZOICACIDWASSTUDIEDMANYTIMESINTHELITERATURE8ANDTHEREFOREONLYRESULTSOFSYSTEMATICDETERMINATIONSINTHE27315TO37315KARECONSIDEREDHERE2,7,10,11,15THESOLUBILITYOFBENZOICACIDISRELATIVELYHIGH,COMPAREDWITHOTHERBENZENEPOLYCARBOXYLICACIDS,ANDTHEREFOREAREASONABLEAGREEMENTBETWEENVARIOUSINVESTIGATIONSSHOULDBEEXPECTEDTHISEXPECTATIONISCONFIRMEDASCANBESEENINFIGURE1SIMILARTOBENZOICACID,THESOLUBILITYOFPHTHALICACIDINWATERISWELLKNOWN9–12,16–19,24ANDCONCORDANTFIGURE2PHTHALICACIDDISSOLVESMOREINWATERTHANBENZOICACIDANDCONSIDERABLYMORETHANOTHERISOMERICACIDS,ISOPHTHALICANDTEREPHTHALICACIDSINTHECASEOFISOPHTHALICACIDFIGURE3ITISCLEARTHATTHERESULTSOFFREIDLINANDDAVIDOV20DIFFERCONSIDERABLYFROMTHEMEASUREMENTSOFOTHERINVESTIGATIONS9,11,17–19,21,24THEASSUMPTIONTHATTHEIRSOLUBILITIESTABLE1CONTINUEDT/KM/M?PYROMELLITICACID27815001502791500168282150020528315002262861500235288150026629015002962931500329297150035229815004323021500516306650069730715006933111500896319150144432615019473306502176TABLE2COEFFICIENTSA,BANDCOFTHESOLUBILITYEQUATION2FORBENZENEPOLYCARBOXYLICACIDSACIDABCR2BENZOIC?22333717883434509946PHTHALIC?33013121145026109970ISOPHTHALIC?8959520951434009925TEREPHTHALIC?62375279459164808743HEMIMELLITIC?49194179177554309990TRIMELLITIC?17708452972799709952TRIMESIC?16994414722657509579MELLOPHANIC28234?15956?4015509964PREHNITIC?426772612719309993PYROMELLITIC?2871288114465109943PENTACARBOXYLIC32129?17257?4625109988MELLITIC?205297715333209974270280290300310320330340350360370000005010015020025030035M/MOLKG1T/KFIGURE1PLOTOFSOLUBILITYMOFBENZOICACIDINWATERASAFUNCTIONOFTEMPERATURET?,REFERENCE2N,REFERENCE10D,REFERENCE11M,REFERENCE15ANDH,THISWORKAAPELBLATETAL/JCHEMTHERMODYNAMICS382006565–571567

簡介：字數(shù)英文字數(shù)英文27382738單詞，單詞，1583115831字符；中文字符；中文47414741漢字漢字出處出處ALAWIALAWIG,G,JAMJOUMJAMJOUMH,H,SAMIRSAMIRHHENHANCINGENHANCINGTHETHECULTURALCULTURALTOURISMTOURISMEXPERIENCEEXPERIENCETHETHECASECASEOFOFHISTORICALHISTORICALOLDOLDJEDDAHJJEDDAHJWITWITTRANSACTIONSTRANSACTIONSONONTHETHEBUILTBUILTENVIRONMENT,2018,1773950ENVIRONMENT,2018,1773950外文文獻外文文獻ENHANCINGTHECULTURALTOURISMEXPERIENCETHECASEOFHISTORICALOLDJEDDAHABSTRACTTHEHISTORICALOLDJEDDAH,OTHERWISECALLEDALBALAD,WASINSCRIBEDINTHEUNESCOWORLDHERITAGELISTIN2014SINCETHEN,THEINTERNATIONALRECOGNITIONHASSTRENGTHENEDITSAPPEALASAHERITAGETOURISMDESTINATION,ANDTHENEEDFORAPROMISINGHERITAGETOURISMPLANHASBECOMEESSENTIALMANYRESEARCHERSINTENDEDTODEVELOPHERITAGETOURISMPLANSFROMADECISIONMAKER’SPERSPECTIVE,BUTFEWSTUDIESHAVEEXPLOREDHERITAGERESOURCESFROMTOURISTS’PERSPECTIVETHEOBJECTIVEOFTHISSTUDYISTOEVALUATETOURISTS’EXPERIENCEOFANDSATISFACTIONWITHTHEALBALADHERITAGESITETHESTUDYDEFINESFACTORSWHICHINFLUENCETHEIREXPERIENCESUCHASPRESENTEDINFORMATIONCOMFORTANDSAFETYCULTURALVALUESANDENTERTAINMENTEXPERIENCESAFIELDSTUDYANDASTRUCTUREDSURVEYARECONDUCTEDINORDERTOANALYZETHEQUALITYOFTHETOURISTS’EXPERIENCETHERESEARCH,BYUTILIZINGTHEINFORMATIONGATHEREDINTHISSURVEY,CONCLUDESWITHCONSIDERATIONSTOBEINCORPORATEDINTOTHETOURISMPLANOFTHEOLDCITYTHEOUTCOMEOFTHISRESEARCHSHALLCONTRIBUTETOTHESAUDI2030VISIONOFENABLINGANDENHANCINGTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTOURISMSECTORANDPROMOTINGTHEISLAMIC,ARABANDNATIONALHERITAGEOFTHEKINGDOMKEYWORDSURBANHERITAGE,CULTURALTOURISM,TOURISTEXPERIENCE,OLDJEDDAHTHATPROMOTETHECITYHERITAGE,FOCUSINGONTOURISTS’/VISITORS’EXPERIENCEQUALITYTHESEPRINCIPLESARETOBEINCORPORATEDINTOTHETOURISMPLANOFSAUDIARABIANHERITAGEINORDERTOACHIEVETHEOUTLINEDOBJECTIVESOFTHISPAPER,THISRESEARCHAPPLIESAQUALITATIVESTRATEGYBASEDONTHEFOLLOWINGTHREESTEPSALITERATUREREVIEWTHETHEORETICALFRAMEWORKILLUSTRATESTHEREVIEWOFTHELITERATUREASTHEBASISOFTHISSTUDYTHESCOPEOFTHERESEARCHDEALSWITHTHETANGIBLEANDINTANGIBLEELEMENTSOFHERITAGESITESTHATDIRECTLYAFFECTTHEVISITORS’EXPERIENCEBCONDUCTINGDATAASTRUCTUREDQUESTIONNAIRESURVEYBASEDONSELECTEDCRITERIADISTRIBUTEDAMONGLOCALVISITORSANDTOURISTSTHISPARTFOCUSESONUNDERSTANDINGTHECURRENTQUALITYOFTOURIST’SEXPERIENCE,THEIRPREFERENCES,ANDTHEIRLEVELOFSATISFACTIONREGARDINGTHECURRENTCONDITIONSTHISPARTCONDUCTSDATANEEDEDTHATARENOTAVAILABLEFROMOTHERRESOURCES,SUCHASTHEBEHAVIOR,CHARACTER,OPINION,ANDKNOWLEDGETHISAPPROACHALLOWSPLANNERSTOOBTAINQUALITATIVERESULTSANDTOADDRESSABOTTOMUPAPPROACHTHISINCREASESTHEEMPHASISONREPRESENTATIVECITIZENPARTICIPATION,WHOAREUSUALLYNOTCONSULTEDINPLANNINGISSUESCSITEEVALUATIONBASEDONBOTH,THETHEORETICALBACKGROUNDANDTHEDATAOBTAINEDFROMTHEFIELDWORK,THECURRENTBUILTENVIRONMENTOFOLDJEDDAHISASSESSEDANDANALYZEDTHERESEARCHFURTHERPROVIDESASETOFRECOMMENDATIONSTOIMPROVETHECURRENTCONDITIONSHERITAGETOURISMINTHELATE1980SANDEARLY1990S,HERITAGETOURISMGAINEDINCREASINGATTENTION,WITHAGROWINGBODYOFSPECIFICLITERATUREBEINGDEVOTEDTOTHISTOPICFYALLANDGARROD1998DEFINEHERITAGETOURISMASANECONOMICACTIVITYTHATMAKESUSEOFSOCIOCULTURALASSETSTOATTRACTVISITORSTHUS,HERITAGETOURISMISAMIXTUREOFMANYASPECTSHERITAGETOURISMISAPARTOFTHEGLOBALTOURISMTHATISORIENTEDTOWARDSTHECULTURALHERITAGECOMPONENTOFALOCATIONWHERETOURISMISACTIVETHENATIONALTRUST

簡介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復(fù)雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標(biāo)題INTRODUCTIONTOTHEDJANGOFRAMEWORK外文作者DANIELRUBIO文獻出處DANIELRUBIOINTRODUCTIONTOTHEDJANGOFRAMEWORKMBEGINNINGDJANGO2017129如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文8701單詞，40127字符，中文12987漢字。INTRODUCTIONTOTHEDJANGOFRAMEWORKDANIELRUBIOTHEDJANGOFRAMEWORKSTARTEDIN2003,ASAPROJECTDONEBYADRIANHOLOVATYANDSIMONWILLISONATTHEJOURNALWORLDNEWSPAPERINLAWRENCE,KANSAS,INTHEUNITEDSTATESIN2005,HOLOVATYANDWILLISONRELEASEDTHEFIRSTPUBLICVERSIONOFTHEFRAMEWORK,NAMINGITAFTERTHEBELGIANFRENCHGUITARISTDJANGOREINHARDTFASTFORWARDTO2017–THEDJANGOFRAMEWORKNOWOPERATESUNDERTHEGUIDANCEOFTHEDJANGOSOFTWAREFOUNDATIONDSF,THEFRAMEWORKCOREHASOVER1000CONTRIBUTORSWITHMORETHAN15RELEASEVERSIONS,ANDTHEREAREOVER3000PACKAGESSPECIFICALLYDESIGNEDTOWORKWITHTHEDJANGOFRAMEWORK1THEDJANGOFRAMEWORKHASREMAINEDTRUETOITSORIGINSASAMODELVIEWCONTROLLERTHEMOSTPRODUCTIVEFRAMEWORKSFORBUILDINGTHEFEATURESNEEDEDBYMOSTMEDIUMTOLARGEWEBAPPLICATIONSNOW,WHILEYOUMIGHTTHINKI’MBIASED–AFTERALLI’MWRITINGANENTIREBOOKABOUTTHETOPIC–I’LLLAYOUTTHESEDESIGNPRINCIPLESFIRST,SOYOUCANGAINABETTERUNDERSTANDINGOFWHATGIVESTHEDJANGOFRAMEWORKTHISEDGEDON’TREPEATYOURSELFDRYPRINCIPLEREPETITIONMIGHTBEGOODTOEMPHASIZEAPOINT,BUTWHENITCOMESTOWEBDEVELOPMENT,ITJUSTLEADSTOADDITIONALANDTIMECONSUMINGWORKINFACT,THEVERYNATUREOFWEBDEVELOPMENT,WHICHOPERATESACROSSMULTIPLETIERSINTERACTINGWITHONEANOTHEREG,HTMLTEMPLATES,BUSINESSLOGICMETHODS,ANDDATABASES,LENDSITSELFTOREPETITIONTHEDJANGOFRAMEWORKREALLYTRIESTOFORCEYOUNOTTOREPEATYOURSELF,SOLET’SSEEHOWDJANGOENFORCESNOTREPEATINGYOURSELFANDWHYTHISISAGOODTHINGLET’SSAYYOUWANTTOBUILDACOFFEEHOUSEAPPLICATIONTOPUBLISHINFORMATIONABOUTSTORESANDALSOHAVEACONTACTFORMFORCUSTOMERSTHEFIRSTTHINGYOU’LLNEEDTODOISDETERMINEWHATKINDOFINFORMATIONISREQUIREDFORSTORESANDTHECONTACTFORMFIGURE11ILLUSTRATESAMOCKUPOFTWODJANGOMODELSFOREACHOFTHESEENTITIESFIGURE11DJANGOMODELSFORSTOREANDCONTACTENTITIESNOTICEHOWTHEDJANGOMODELSINFIGURE11EACHHAVEDIFFERENTFIELDNAMESANDADATATYPETORESTRICTVALUESFOREXAMPLE,THESTATEMENTNAMEMODELSCHARFIELDMAX_LENGTH30TELLSDJANGOASTORENAMESHOULDHAVEAMAXIMUMOF30CHARACTERS,WHILETHESTATEMENTEMAILMODELSEMAILFIELDTELLSDJANGOTHECONTACTENTITYSHOULDCONTAINAVALIDEMAILVALUEIFTHECOFFEEHOUSEISLIKEMOSTWEBAPPLICATIONS,

簡介：2950英文單詞，英文單詞，14500英文字符，中文英文字符，中文3700字文獻出處文獻出處DASCR,ALBERTSK,BHADURIAK,ETALFAILUREANALYSISOFAPINIONJENGINEERINGFAILUREANALYSIS,2005,122287298FAILUREANALYSISOFAPINIONCRDAS,SKALBERT,AKBHADURI,SKRAYABSTRACTAPINION,WHICHWASAPARTOFANAIRMOTORDRIVINGADIESELGENERATORDGOFAPOWERPLANT’SEMERGENCYPOWERSUPPLYSYSTEM,WASFOUNDTOHAVEFAILEDINTOTHREEPARTSDURINGAROUTINECHECKUPOFTHEDGTHISPINION,ATTACHEDTOTHEAIRMOTORSHAFTISACTIVEONLYFORASHORTDURATIONDURINGTHESTARTUP,WHENTHEMOTIONOFTHEAIRMOTORSHAFTISTRANSFERREDTOTHERINGGEARATTACHEDTOTHEDGWHICHINTURNSTARTSTHEDGONCETHEDGHASSTARTED,THEPINIONDISENGAGESFROMTHERINGGEARANDTHEAIRMOTORSTOPSTHEPINIONTHATFAILEDHADBEENINOPERATIONFORALONGTIMEANDEXPERIENCEDSEVERALSTARTUPOPERATIONSBEFOREFAILUREASYSTEMATICFAILUREANALYSISWASCARRIEDOUTTOFINDOUTTHEREASONSFORTHISUNEXPECTEDFRACTUREOFTHEPINIONDURINGOPERATIONTHERESULTSINDICATETHATTHEFRACTUREWASCAUSEDBYFATIGUEWITHAFATIGUECRACKINITIATINGFROMTHEFILLETOFONEOFTHEPINIONTEETHDUETOMISALIGNMENTTHATWASPRESENT,THEPINIONDIDNOTMESHPROPERLYWITHTHERINGGEARDURINGTHESTARTUPOPERATIONANDTHISLEDTOAHIGHSTRESSCONCENTRATIONATTHEROOTOFTHEPINIONTHEMISALIGNMENTALSOLEDTOSEVEREWEARANDEXCESSIVEHEATGENERATIONATTHEMATINGSURFACEMISALIGNMENT,IMPROPERHEATTREATMENT,NONUNIFORMDISTRIBUTIONOFSULPHIDEINCLUSIONSANDSHARPCORNERSWOULDHAVEALLCONTRIBUTEDTOTHEFAILUREOFTHEPINIONKEYWORDSGEARFAILURESMISALIGNMENTINCLUSIONSFATIGUECRACKHEATTREATMENT1INTRODUCTIONCONTINUOUSOPERATIONOFPOWERPLANTSNECESSITATESTHEUSEOFDIESELGENERATORSDGSFORPROVIDINGEMERGENCYPOWERSUPPLYDURINGUNEXPECTEDPOWERFAILURESONEOFTHECOMMONMETHODSUSEDFORTHESTARTUPOFTHESEDGSISTOUSEANAIRMOTORTHATISDRIVENBYAIRRELEASEDFROMANAIRCOMPRESSORINTHEEVENTOFAPOWERFAILUREAPINIONATTACHEDTOTHESHAFTOFANAIRMOTORDRIVESALARGERINGGEARCONNECTEDTOTHEDGUNDERIDLINGCONDITIONS,THEPINIONREMAINSUNENGAGEDANDTHEGAPBETWEENTHEPINIONANDTHERINGGEARISABOUT25–30MMDURINGTHESTARTUPOFTHEAIRMOTOR,THEPINIONRECEIVESASHORTBURSTOFAIRTHATMOVESTHEPINIONFORWARDTOMESHWITHTHERINGGEAR,AFTERWHICHTHEMAINAIRVALVEOPENSFORRUNNINGTHEAIRMOTORANDDRIVINGTHEPINION,WHICHINTURNDRIVESTHELARGERINGGEAROFTHEDGTHUS,BEFORETHEAIRMOTORAPPLIESFULLTORQUE,THEPINIONROTATESSLOWLYASITMESHESWITHTHERINGGEARTOENABLESMOOTHMESHINGWITHTHEGEARS,THEPINIONHASCHAMFEREDTEETHTOAVOIDABUTMENTOFTHEGEAREVENIFABUTMENTOCCURS,THEGEARCAN‘‘FALLINTO’’MESHASTHEAIRMOTORBEGINSTOROTATEONCETHEDGHASSTARTEDUP,THEAIRSUPPLYTOTHEAIRMOTORSTOPSANDTHEPINIONISWITHDRAWNTOITSIDLINGPOSITIONTHUS,THEAIRMOTORRUNSONLYFORASHORTDURATIONANDTHELOADINGOFTHEPINIONISONLYFORAFEWSECONDSDURINGEACHSTARTUPOPERATIONTHEFAILURE,INVESTIGATEDINTHISPAPER,OCCURREDWHILEANAIRMOTORWASBEINGSTARTEDUPFORAROUTINEDGTESTINGOPERATION,ANDRESULTEDINTHEDGFAILINGTOSTARTFIG3FRACTUREPIECEOFPINION2INVESTIGATIONS21VISUALEXAMINATIONVISUALEXAMINATIONOFTHEFRACTURESURFACESOFTHEFAILEDPINION,AFTERULTRASONICCLEANINGWITHACETONE,SHOWEDTHEPRESENCEOFBURNMARKSONTHEEDGEOFASPURTOOTHFIG4ANDONTHEUPPERLANDOFAHELICALTOOTHFIG5ITWASFURTHEROBSERVEDTHATTHEFRONTOFTHESPURTOOTHHADASMOOTHWORNOUTSURFACE,WHILETHEREARSIDEHADAROUGHSURFACEINDICATINGIMPROPERCONTACTWITHTHERINGGEARDURINGOPERATIONFIG6GOUGINGMARKSWEREALSOOBSERVEDONTHELANDOFTHESPLINEHELICALTOOTHFIG7SMALLSIZESPECIMENSWERECUTFROMLOCATIONDINTHESPURTEETHFIG4ANDPREPAREDFORMETALLOGRAPHICEXAMINATIONFIG4BURNMARKINONEEDGEOFTHEGEARTEETHFIG5GOUGINGMARKONTHELANDOFTHESPLINEHELICALTOOTHOFTHEPINION

簡介：8800英文單詞，英文單詞，47萬英文字符，中文萬英文字符，中文14500字文獻出處文獻出處KAPOORAP,VIJMTECHNOLOGYATTHEDINNERTABLEORDERINGFOODONLINETHROUGHMOBILEAPPSJJOURNALOFRETAILINGANDCONSUMERSERVICES,2018,43342351TECHNOLOGYATTHEDINNERTABLEORDERINGFOODONLINETHROUGHMOBILEAPPSANUJPALKAPOOR,MADHUVIJABSTRACTONLINEFOODDELIVERYAGGREGATORSOFA’SAREEXPANDINGCHOICEANDCONVENIENCE,ALLOWINGCUSTOMERSTOORDERFROMAWIDEARRAYOFRESTAURANTSWITHASINGLETAPONTHEIRSMARTPHONESTHEBUSINESSOFDELIVERINGRESTAURANTMEALSTOTHEHOMEISUNDERGOINGRAPIDCHANGEASNEWONLINEPLATFORMSRACETOCAPTUREMARKETSANDCUSTOMERSACROSSMOSTOFTHEMETROPOLITANCITIESININDIATHEPAPERAIMSTOINVESTIGATEONLINEFOODAGGREGATORSOFA’SBYPROPOSINGANDEMPIRICALLYTESTINGMOBILEAPPATTRIBUTECONVERSIONMODEL,TOEXAMINEHOWMOBILEAPPATTRIBUTESOFONLINEFOODAGGREGATORSINFLUENCETHEPURCHASEDECISIONOFACONSUMERANDSUBSEQUENTLYLEADTOCONVERSIONAMIXMETHODDESIGNWASADOPTEDFORTHESTUDYANDAPILOTSTUDYCOMPRISINGOFN350RESPONDENTSWASCARRIEDOUTTHESTUDYFOCUSESONFOURKEYATTRIBUTES–VISUAL,NAVIGATIONAL,INFORMATIONANDCOLLABORATIONDESIGNANDIDENTIFIESTHEMOSTIMPORTANTMOBILEAPPATTRIBUTESWHILECHOOSINGAPARTICULARONLINEFOODAGGREGATOROFAININDIA1INTRODUCTIONINTHEEARLY2000,THEAPPLICATIONOFTHIRDGENERATION3GMOBILECOMMUNICATIONTECHNOLOGIESTRIGGEREDMOBILECOMMERCEDEVELOPMENTACROSSTHEWORLDSUBSEQUENTLY,THESWITCHFROMFEATUREPHONESTOSMARTPHONESBEGUNANDTHEADOPTIONOFSMARTPHONESWEREEMBRACEDGLOBALLYACCORDINGTOEMARKETER2014,THEREWILLBEMORETHANTHREEBILLIONSMARTPHONEUSERS,ORONEQUARTEROFTHEGLOBALPOPULATION,BY2020ININDIA,THEECOMMERCEMARKETISEXPECTEDTOGROWTOUS188BILLIONBY2015DUETOTHERISEINSMARTPHONEPENETRATIONANDTHELAUNCHOF4GNETWORKSALONGWITHINCREASINGCONSUMERWEALTHACCORDINGTOSTATISTICA2017,DEC21,SMARTPHONEPENETRATIONININDIAREACHED32ASOFNOV2017AUNIQUETRENDWHICHHASPICKEDUPWITHTHEINTRODUCTIONOFSMARTPHONESISTHEMOBILEAPPSINSIMPLEWORDS,AMOBILEAPPISASOFTWAREAPPLICATIONDEVELOPEDSPECIFICALLYFORUSEONSMALL,WIRELESSCOMPUTINGDEVICES,SUCHASSMARTPHONESANDTABLETS,RATHERTHANDESKTOPORLAPTOPCOMPUTERSTHERAPIDADOPTIONOFSMARTPHONESANDSUBSEQUENTDEVELOPMENTOFMOBILEAPPLICATIONS“APP”O(jiān)R“APPS”HEREAFTERHAVEBEENCHANGINGTHEWAYSINWHICHCUSTOMERSINTERACTWITHABRANDTHERAPIDGROWTHOFMOBILETECHNOLOGIESCOMESWITHTHEPROLIFERATIONOFVARIOUSTYPESOFAPPSOVER6BILLIONAPPSHAVEBEENDOWNLOADEDININDIASTATISTICS2017,DEC21ANDACCOUNTFORMORETHAN50OFTIMESPENTONDIGITALMEDIALIPSMAN,2014,JUNE25,SUGGESTINGTHATAPPSHAVEDEEPLYPENETRATEDINTOTHEDAILYLIVESOFSMARTPHONEUSERSTODAY,EVERYTHINGCANBEPRACTICALLYPURCHASEDONLINE,FROMDAILYGROCERYTOFLIGHTORHOTELBOOKINGS,ORDERINGFOODOREVENBUYINGAHOUSEININDIA,ONLINESHOPPERSAMONGINTERNETUSERSHAVEINCREASEDFROMMERELY01MILLIONIN2006TOAROUND100MILLIONIN2017,SHOWINGAGROWTHOF900KEARNEY,2016THISRAPIDGROWTHRAISESINTERESTINACADEMIAANDTURNSECOMMERCEINTOANATTRACTIVEFIELDOFRESEARCHMOBILEAPPSPROVIDEANEFFECTIVECHANNELFORCOMPANIESTOCONNECTWITHTHEIRCUSTOMERSOSTDICK,2016ACTUALLY,THEMOBILEPLATFORMHASFUNDAMENTALLYREVOLUTIONIZEDTHEMANNERINHOWANONLINEFOODAGGREGATORLEADSTOANINCREASEINCUSTOMERUSAGE,USINGTHECONCEPTOFMOBILEATTRIBUTESBYAPPLYINGTHESECONCEPTSTOMOBILEAPPS,THISSTUDYEXPANDSOURUNDERSTANDINGOFHOWTHEUSEOFINTERACTIVETECHNOLOGYINFLUENCESPURCHASEBEHAVIORGIVENTHEISSUESOFUSINGSELFREPORTEDMEASURESOFMOBILEPHONEUSEBOASEANDLING,2013ANDPURCHASEINTENTIONSVANNOORTETAL,2012,OURSTUDYADDSTOTHEMOBILEMARKETINGLITERATUREBYINCORPORATINGBEHAVIORALMEASURESOFAPPUSEANDPURCHASEHISTORIESTOEXPLORETHEROLEOFMOBILEAPPINCONSUMERENGAGEMENT,THECURRENTSTUDYDEVELOPEDANDEMPIRICALLYTESTEDAMODELTOEXAMINEHOWMOBILEAPPATTRIBUTESOFONLINEFOODAGGREGATORSINFLUENCETHEPURCHASEDECISIONOFACONSUMERANDSUBSEQUENTLYLEADTOCONVERSIONTHESTUDYFOCUSESONFOURKEYATTRIBUTES–VISUAL,NAVIGATIONAL,INFORMATIONANDCOLLABORATIONDESIGNANDIDENTIFIESTHEIREFFECTONFINALCONVERSIONIE,WHENACUSTOMERPLACESANORDERWITHAFOODAGGREGATORANDMAKESTHEPAYMENTEITHERONLINEORONDELIVERYTHREEOFTHECONSTRUCTSIE,VISUAL,NAVIGATIONALANDINFORMATIONHAVEBEENADAPTEDFROMPREVIOUSSTUDIESWHEREASTHEFOURTHCONSTRUCT,COLLABORATIONISARESULTOFTHEPRESTUDYCONDUCTEDCOLLABORATIONBASICALLYREFERSTOALLIANCESBETWEENMULTIPLEECOMMERCEPLAYERSINORDERTOINCREASELEADSANDMAKEHIGHERSALESACLASSICALEXAMPLEOFCOLLABORATIONISONLINEFOODAGGREGATORSANDPAYTMININDIAPAYTMISANONLINEWALLETORGANIZATIONANDHASATIEUPWITHZOMATOOTASWHENANINDIVIDUALORDERSFOODTHROUGHZOMATOANDUSESPAYTMASTHEPAYMENTMODE,ACASHBACKOF10–15ISPROVIDEDONTHEFINALBILLASARESULT,THECUSTOMERPAYSTHROUGHPAYTMANDSAVES10–15NOW,WITHTHISCOLLABORATION,THECUSTOMERSAVESMONEY,FOODISORDEREDTHROUGHZOMATOANDPAYTMAPPISBEINGINSTALLEDANDUSEDBYUSERS,THUSGOINGCASHLESSTHISPARTNERSHIPBETWEENZOMATOANDPAYTMISTERMEDASCOLLABORATIONASTHETWOORGANIZATIONS,COLLABORATETOGETHERINSERVINGTHECUSTOMERANDINCREASINGTHEIRSALESSIMILARLY,THEREAREOTHERECOMMERCEPLAYERSSUCHASUBERONLINETAXISERVICEWHICHALSOCOLLABORATEWITHONLINEFOODAGGREGATORSANDRESULTSINHIGHERSALESCOLLABORATIONATTRIBUTEWASFOUNDTOBETHEMOSTIMPORTANTATTRIBUTES,WHENACUSTOMERPLACESANORDERONLINEASCOMPAREDTOTHEOTHERATTRIBUTESTHEPOSITIVERELATIONSHIPBETWEENCOLLABORATIONANDCONVERSIONASSERTSTHATCONSUMERSAREDRIVENBYOFFERSANDDISCOUNTS,PROVIDEDBYONLINERETAILERSOTHERATTRIBUTESLIKEVISUAL,INFORMATIONAND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簡介：7000英文單詞，英文單詞，4萬英文字符，中文萬英文字符，中文12500字文獻出處文獻出處HANSENSC,OTLEYDT,VANDERSTEDEWAPRACTICEDEVELOPMENTSINBUDGETINGANOVERVIEWANDRESEARCHPERSPECTIVEJJOURNALOFMANAGEMENTACCOUNTINGRESEARCH,2003,15195116PRACTICEDEVELOPMENTSINBUDGETINGANOVERVIEWANDRESEARCHPERSPECTIVESTEPHENCHANSEN,DAVIDTOTLEY,WIMAVANDERSTEDEABSTRACTPRACTITIONERSINEUROPEANDTHEUSRECENTLYHAVEPROPOSEDTWODISTINCTAPPROACHESTOADDRESSWHATTHEYBELIEVEARESHORTCOMINGSOFTRADITIONALBUDGETINGPRACTICESONEAPPROACHADVOCATESIMPROVINGTHEBUDGETINGPROCESSANDPRIMARILYFOCUSESONTHEPLANNINGPROBLEMSWITHBUDGETINGTHEOTHERADVOCATESABANDONINGTHEBUDGETANDPRIMARILYFOCUSESONTHEPERFORMANCEEVALUATIONPROBLEMSWITHBUDGETINGTHISPAPERPROVIDESANOVERVIEWANDRESEARCHPERSPECTIVEONTHESETWORECENTDEVELOPMENTSWEDISCUSSWHYPRACTITIONERSHAVEBECOMEDISSATISFIEDWITHBUDGETS,DESCRIBETHETWODISTINCTAPPROACHES,PLACETHEMINARESEARCHCONTEXT,SUGGESTINSIGHTSTHATMAYAIDTHEPRACTITIONERS,ANDUSETHEPRACTITIONERPERSPECTIVESTOIDENTIFYFRUITFULAREASFORRESEARCHINTRODUCTIONBUDGETINGISTHECORNERSTONEOFTHEMANAGEMENTCONTROLPROCESSINNEARLYALLORGANIZATIONS,BUTDESPITEITSWIDESPREADUSE,ITISFARFROMPERFECT1PRACTITIONERSEXPRESSCONCERNSABOUTUSINGBUDGETSFORPLANNINGANDPERFORMANCEEVALUATIONTHEPRACTITIONERSARGUETHATBUDGETSIMPEDETHEALLOCATIONOFORGANIZATIONALRESOURCESTOTHEIRBESTUSESANDENCOURAGEMYOPICDECISIONMAKINGANDOTHERDYSFUNCTIONALBUDGETGAMESTHEYATTRIBUTETHESEPROBLEMS,INPART,TOTRADITIONALBUDGETING’SFINANCIAL,TOPDOWN,COMMANDANDCONTROLORIENTATIONASEMBEDDEDINANNUALBUDGETPLANNINGANDPERFORMANCEEVALUATIONPROCESSESEG,SCHMIDT1992BUNCEETAL1995HOPEANDFRASER1997,2000,2003WALLANDER1999EKHOLMANDWALLIN2000MARCINO2000JENSEN2001WEDEMONSTRATEPRACTITIONERS’CONCERNSWITHBUDGETSBYDESCRIBINGTWOPRACTICELEDDEVELOPMENTSONEADVOCATINGIMPROVINGTHEBUDGETINGPROCESS,THEOTHERABANDONINGITTHESEDEVELOPMENTSILLUSTRATETWOPOINTSFIRST,THEYSHOWPRACTITIONERS’CONCERNSWITHBUDGETINGPROBLEMSTHATTHESCHOLARLYLITERATUREHASLARGELYIGNOREDWHILEFOCUSINGINSTEADONMORETRADITIONALISSUESLIKEPARTICIPATIVEBUDGETING2SECOND,THETWOCONFLICTINGDEVELOPMENTSILLUSTRATETHATFIRMSFACEACRITICALDECISIONREGARDINGBUDGETINGMAINTAINIT,IMPROVEIT,ORABANDONITOURDISCUSSIONHASTWOOBJECTIVESFIRST,WEDEMONSTRATETHELEVELOFCONCERNWITHBUDGETINGINPRACTICE,SUGGESTINGITSPOTENTIALFORCONTINUEDSCHOLARLYRESEARCHSECOND,WEWISHTORAISEACADEMICS’AWARENESSOFAPPARENTDISCONNECTSBETWEENBUDGETINGPRACTICEANDRESEARCHWEIDENTIFYAREASWHEREPRIORRESEARCHMAYAIDTHEPRACTITIONERSAND,CONVERSELY,USETHEPRACTITIONERS’INSIGHTSTOSUGGESTAREASFORRESEARCHINTHESECONDSECTION,WEREVIEWSOMEOFTHEMOSTCOMMONCRITICISMSOFBUDGETSINPRACTICETHETHIRDSECTIONDESCRIBESANDANALYZESTHEMAINTHRUSTOFTWORECENTPRACTICELEDDEVELOPMENTSINBUDGETINGINTHEFOURTHSECTION,WEPLACETHESETWOPRACTICEDEVELOPMENTSINARESEARCHCONTEXTANDSUGGESTRESEARCHTHATMAYBERELEVANTTOTHEPRACTITIONERSTHEFIFTHSECTIONTURNSTHETABLESBYCAUSESAMISMATCHWITHOPERATIONALANDSTRATEGICDECISIONSTHATEMPHASIZENONFINANCIALGOALSANDCUTACROSSTHEANNUALPLANNINGCYCLE,LEADINGTOBUDGETGAMESINVOLVINGSKILLFULTIMINGOFREVENUES,EXPENDITURES,ANDINVESTMENTSMERCHANT1985AFINALLY,CLAIMS7,11,AND12REFLECTORGANIZATIONALANDPEOPLERELATEDBUDGETINGISSUESTHECRITICSARGUETHATVERTICAL,COMMANDANDCONTROL,RESPONSIBILITYCENTERFOCUSEDBUDGETARYCONTROLSAREINCOMPATIBLEWITHFLAT,NETWORK,ORVALUECHAINBASEDORGANIZATIONALDESIGNSANDIMPEDEEMPOWEREDEMPLOYEESFROMMAKINGTHEBESTDECISIONSHOPEANDFRASER2003GIVENSUCHALONGLISTOFPROBLEMSANDMANYCALLSFORIMPROVEMENT,ITSEEMSODDTHATTHEVASTMAJORITYOFUSFIRMSRETAINAFORMALBUDGETINGPROCESS97PERCENTOFTHERESPONDENTSINUMAPATHY1987ONEREASONTHATBUDGETSMAYBERETAINEDINMOSTFIRMSISBECAUSETHEYARESODEEPLYINGRAINEDINANORGANIZATION’SFABRICSCAPENSANDROBERTS1993‘‘THEYREMAINACENTRALLYCOORDINATEDACTIVITYOFTENTHEONLYONEWITHINTHEBUSINESS’’NEELYETAL2001,9ANDCONSTITUTE‘‘THEONLYPROCESSTHATCOVERSALLAREASOFORGANIZATIONALACTIVITY’’OTLEY1999HOWEVER,AMORERECENTSURVEYOFFINNISHFIRMSFOUNDTHATALTHOUGH25PERCENTARERETAININGTHEIRTRADITIONALBUDGETINGSYSTEM,61PERCENTAREACTIVELYUPGRADINGTHEIRSYSTEM,AND14PERCENTAREEITHERABANDONINGBUDGETSORATLEASTCONSIDERINGITEKHOLMANDWALLIN2000WEDISCUSSTWOPRACTICELEDDEVELOPMENTSTHATILLUSTRATEPROPOSALSTOIMPROVEBUDGETINGORTOABANDONITALTHOUGHTHETWODEVELOPMENTSREACHDIFFERENTCONCLUSIONS,BOTHORIGINATEDINTHESAMEORGANIZATION,THECONSORTIUMFORADVANCEDMANUFACTURINGINTERNATIONALCAMIONEINTHEUSANDTHEOTHERINEUROPETHEUSBASEDCAMIACTIVITYBASEDBUDGETINGABBGROUPADVOCATESIMPROVINGTHEBUDGETINGSYSTEMBYMARRYINGAMORECOMPLETE,ACTIVITYBASEDOPERATIONALMODELWITHADETAILEDFINANCIALMODELITSFOCUSISONIMPROVINGBUDGETING’SSUPPORTOFOPERATIONALPLANNINGTHEEUROPEANBASEDCAMIBEYONDBUDGETINGBBGROUPTAKESAMORERADICALVIEWANDRECOMMENDSATWOSTAGEAPPROACHTHEFIRSTSTAGEADDRESSESTHEPROBLEMSWITHBUDGETINGWHENTHEYAREUSEDFORPERFORMANCEEVALUATIONITSUGGESTSTHATTRADITIONALBUDGETARYCONTROLSTHATCOMBINEPLANNINGANDPERFORMANCEEVALUATIONLEADTOBOTHPOORPLANNINGANDDYSFUNCTIONALBEHAVIORTHEREFORE,THEBBGROUPRECOMMENDSEITHERRADICALLYCHANGINGTRADITIONALBUDGETBASEDPERFORMANCEEVALUATIONSORCOMPLETELYELIMINATINGTHEBUDGETPROCESSTHESECONDSTAGEOFTHEBBAPPROACHISTORADICALLYDECENTRALIZETHEORGANIZATIONANDEMPOWERLOWERLEVELMANAGERSANDEMPLOYEESALT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簡介：3000英文單詞，19000英文字符，中文5000字出處ZHAOYIYI2017FINANCIALRISKINCROSSBORDERM財務(wù)風(fēng)險案例分析吉利集團沃爾沃合并1介紹一個多世紀(jì)以來，并購（M＆A）已成為發(fā)展和擴張的戰(zhàn)略工具，并對當(dāng)前的商業(yè)世界產(chǎn)生重大影響。并購的出現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致了我們今天看到的復(fù)雜的業(yè)務(wù)結(jié)構(gòu)，消除了中小企業(yè)的市場并發(fā)揮了主導(dǎo)作用（KUMMER＆STEGER，2008）。經(jīng)濟，監(jiān)管和技術(shù)變革的結(jié)合創(chuàng)造了一股變革浪潮，促使企業(yè)考慮利用并購來維持其在市場中的競爭地位。全球化迫使許多公司將并購作為發(fā)展國際產(chǎn)業(yè)和增加市場份額的機制（SUI，2016）。有很多研究關(guān)注并購帶來的巨額利潤，以及對市場的重要性和影響。這使得研究影響并購成功的因素變得非常重要，并且對并購交易的動態(tài)過程有了全面的了解。本文重點關(guān)注跨國并購，分析了金融風(fēng)險的來源，分為準(zhǔn)備階段，實施階段和整合階段。這個的下半部分文章，我們選擇了吉利集團沃爾沃的案例并進行了詳細的分析，分三個階段討論了財務(wù)風(fēng)險。最后，我們調(diào)查并討論了針對每個階段所采取的財務(wù)風(fēng)險的預(yù)防措施。的跨國并購，使得跨國并購將面臨比國內(nèi)并購更多的不確定性（ERELETAL。，2012ROTTIG，2007）。MEEKS（1977）調(diào)查了英國1964年至1971年間的223起跨國并購案例，發(fā)現(xiàn)三分之二的ROA低于行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，（BRUNER，2002）?？鐕①忥L(fēng)險是企業(yè)參與跨國并購活動時系統(tǒng)性和非系統(tǒng)性因素造成的潛在損失?？鐕①彽南到y(tǒng)性風(fēng)險是由于宏觀因素總體上存在差異的國家。它包含政治和社會風(fēng)險，經(jīng)濟和金融風(fēng)險，法律風(fēng)險和文化風(fēng)險。這些風(fēng)險都是基于系統(tǒng)性因素的原因。雖然跨國并購中的非系統(tǒng)性風(fēng)險是由于其自身的業(yè)務(wù)和財務(wù)狀況可能導(dǎo)致合并中的業(yè)務(wù)損失。這些風(fēng)險受個體差異的影響，表現(xiàn)形式也不同。本文將非系統(tǒng)性風(fēng)險分為兩類操作風(fēng)險和財務(wù)風(fēng)險，并關(guān)注非系統(tǒng)性風(fēng)險的財務(wù)風(fēng)險。在實際合并中，財務(wù)風(fēng)險不僅是債務(wù)融資的風(fēng)險，還包括被收購公司定價和支付方式的估值。因此，如果我們只是從融資風(fēng)險中考慮并購中的金融風(fēng)險，那么我們就會忽略存在的動機增值收購。因此，本文認為跨國并購涉及的金融風(fēng)險包括決策，估值，融資，支付等可能偏離實際價值，導(dǎo)致公司財務(wù)損失。本文按時間順序?qū)@些風(fēng)險進行分類（表I），分為跨境并購準(zhǔn)備階段，實施階段和整合階段。準(zhǔn)備階段主要面臨戰(zhàn)略決策風(fēng)險和估值風(fēng)險。實施階段主要是貨幣風(fēng)險，融資風(fēng)險和支付風(fēng)險。整合階段包括債務(wù)風(fēng)險，操作風(fēng)險和收益風(fēng)險。3案例分析從文獻綜述來看，跨國并購隨后是全球經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展。然而，一個不容忽視的事實是，跨國并購的成功率并不高（BRUNER，2004，MOELLER和SCHLINGEMANN，2005）。因此，有必要對跨國并購的過程和內(nèi)部機制進行研究，尤其是金融風(fēng)險在其中發(fā)揮重要作用。在下一節(jié)中，本文將分析案例，分析并購過程的財務(wù)風(fēng)險。31案例介紹2010年3月28日晚，浙江吉利控股集團（以下簡稱“吉利集團”）宣布與福特簽署與沃爾沃瑞典哥德堡的股票購買協(xié)議。吉利用18億美元支付收購沃爾沃100％股權(quán)和其他相關(guān)資產(chǎn)，包括知識產(chǎn)權(quán)。吉利集團沃爾沃合并是中國企業(yè)跨國事件的一個里程碑，媒體形象為“蛇吞”（表二）。表1按時間排序排列的風(fēng)險按時間順序排列的風(fēng)險準(zhǔn)備階段實施階段整合階段（1）戰(zhàn)略決策風(fēng)險（2）估值風(fēng)險（1）貨幣風(fēng)險（2）融資風(fēng)險（3）付款風(fēng)險（1）債務(wù)風(fēng)險（2）操作風(fēng)險（3）利潤風(fēng)險

簡介：中文中文6400字，字，4000英文單詞，英文單詞，21萬英文字符萬英文字符文獻出處文獻出處SIVAKUGANN,RANKINERM,RANKINEKJ,ETALGEOTECHNICALCONSIDERATIONSINMINEBACKFILLINGINAUSTRALIAJJOURNALOFCLEANERPRODUCTION,2006,14121311681175英文原文GEOTECHNICALCONSIDERATIONSINMINEBACKFILLINGINAUSTRALIANSIVAKUGANA,,RMRANKINEB,KJRANKINEA,KSRANKINEAASCHOOLOFENGINEERING,JAMESCOOKUNIVERSITY,TOWNSVILLE4811,AUSTRALIABCANNINGTONMINE,BHPBILLITON,POBOX5874,TOWNSVILLE4810,AUSTRALIAABSTRACTMINEBACKFILLINGCANPLAYASIGNIFICANTROLEINTHEOVERALLOPERATIONOFAMINEOPERATIONINTHEAUSTRALIANMININGINDUSTRY,WHERESAFETYISAPRIMECONSIDERATION,HYDRAULICSYSTEMSARETHEMOSTCOMMONBACKFILLSDEPLOYEDMANYACCIDENTSREPORTEDATHYDRAULICFILLMINESWORLDWIDEHAVEMAINLYBEENATTRIBUTEDTOALACKOFUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEIRBEHAVIOURANDBARRICADEBRICKSTHISPAPERDESCRIBESTHEFINDINGSFROMANEXTENSIVELABORATORYTESTPROGRAMMECARRIEDOUTINAUSTRALIAONMORETHAN20DIFFERENTHYDRAULICFILLSANDSEVERALBARRICADEBRICKSALIMITEDDESCRIPTIONOFPASTEBACKFILLSISALSOPROVIDED,ANDTHEUSEFULNESSOFNUMERICALMODELLINGASANINVESTIGATIVETOOLISHIGHLIGHTEDKEYWORDSHYDRAULICFILLSMININGBACKFILLSPASTEFILLSGEOTECHNICAL1．INTRODUCTIONINTHEMININGINDUSTRY,WHENUNDERGROUNDOREBODIESAREEXTRACTED,VERYLARGEVOIDSARECREATED,WHICHMUSTBEBACKFILLEDTHEBACKFILLINGSTRATEGIESDEPLOYEDOFTENMAKEUSEOFTHEWASTEROCKORTAILINGSTHATARECONSIDEREDBYPRODUCTSOFTHEMININGOPERATIONTHISISANEFFECTIVEMEANSOFTAILINGDISPOSALBECAUSEITNEGATESTHENEEDFORCONSTRUCTINGLARGETAILINGDAMSATTHESURFACETHEBACKFILLINGOFUNDERGROUNDVOIDSALSOIMPROVESLOCALANDREGIONALSTABILITY,ENABLINGSAFERANDMOREEFFICIENTMININGOFTHESURROUNDINGAREASTHENEEDFORBACKFILLINGISAMAJORISSUEINAUSTRALIA,WHERE10MILLIONCUBICMETRESOFUNDERGROUNDVOIDSAREGENERATEDANNUALLYASARESULTOFMINING1THEREARETWOBASICTYPESOFBACKFILLINGSTRATEGIESTHEFIRST,UNCEMENTEDBACKFILLING,DOESNOTMAKEUSEOFBINDINGAGENTSSUCHASCEMENT,ANDTHEIRCHARACTERISTICSCANBESTUDIEDUSINGSOILMECHANICSTHEORIESATYPICALEXAMPLEOFUNCEMENTEDBACKFILLINGISTHEUSEOFHYDRAULICFILLSTHATAREPLACEDINTHEFORMOFSLURRYINTOTHEUNDERGROUNDVOIDSTHESECONDCATEGORY,CEMENTEDBACKFILLING,MAKESUSEOFASMALLPERCENTAGEOFBINDERSUCHASPORTLANDCEMENTORABLENDOFPORTLANDCEMENTWITHANOTHERPOZZOLANSUCHASFLYASH,GYPSUMORBLASTFURNACESLAGTHEPURPOSEOFTHISPAPERISTOANALYSETHEFINDINGSFROMANEXTENSIVELABORATORYTESTPROGRAMMECARRIEDOUTINAUSTRALIAONHYDRAULICFILLSANDSEVERALBARRICADEBRICKSHYDRAULICFILLSAREUNCEMENTEDTECHNIQUES,ANDAREONEOFTHEMOSTWIDELYUSEDBACKFILLINGSTRATEGIESINAUSTRALIAMORETHAN20DIFFERENTHYDRAULICFILLS,REPRESENTINGAWIDERANGEOFMINESINAUSTRALIA,WERESTUDIEDATJAMESCOOKUNIVERSITYJCUTHEGRAINSIZERDISTRIBUTIONSFORALLOFTHESEFILLSLIEWITHINANARROWBANDASSHOWNINFIG1ALONGWITHTHEM,THEGRAINSIZEDISTRIBUTIONCURVESPOROUSBARRICADEBRICKWALLHORIZONTALACCESSDRIVESLURRYENTERSSTOPEHORIZONTALACCESSDRIVEDECANTWATERHYDRAULICFILLFIG2ANIDEALISEDSTOPEWITHTWOSUBLEVELDRAINSTHEACCESSDRIVES,WHICHAREMADELARGEENOUGHTOPERMITTHEENTRYOFMACHINERYDURINGMINING,AREBLOCKEDBYTHEBARRICADESDURINGFILLINGTHEDRIVESAREOFTENLOCATEDATMORETHANONELEVELINITIALLY,THEDRIVESLOCATEDATUPPERLEVELSACTASEXITPOINTSFORTHEDECANTEDWATER,ANDALSOSERVEASDRAINSWHENTHEHYDRAULICFILLRISESINTHESTOPE21DRAINAGECONSIDERATIONSDRAINAGEISTHEMOSTIMPORTANTISSUETHATMUSTBECONSIDEREDWHENDESIGNINGHYDRAULICFILLSTOPESTHEREHAVEBEENSEVERALACCIDENTSNAMELY,TRAPPEDMINERSANDMACHINERYWORLDWIDECAUSEDBYWETHYDRAULICFILLRUSHINGTHROUGHHORIZONTALACCESSDRIVESSEVERALREASONS,INCLUDINGPOORQUALITYBARRICADEBRICKS,LIQUEFACTION,ANDPIPINGWITHINTHEHYDRAULICFILLAREATTRIBUTEDTOSUCHFAILURES2THEREFORE,PERMEABILITYOFTHEHYDRAULICFILLINTHESTOPEISACRITICALPARAMETERINTHEDESIGNCONTINUOUSEFFORTISMADEDURINGMININGTOENSURETHATITISKEPTABOVEATHRESHOLDLIMITINTHEVICINITYOF100MM/H3LARGERPERMEABILITYLEADSTOQUICKERREMOVALOFWATERFROMTHESTOPE,THUSIMPROVINGTHESTABILITYOFTHEFILLCONTAINEDWITHINTHESTOPEPERMEABILITYTESTSFORMINEFILLSANDBARRICADEBRICKSAREDISCUSSEDBYRANKINEETAL4THECONSTANTHEADANDFALLINGHEADPERMEABILITYTESTSCARRIEDOUTONTHEHYDRAULICFILLSAMPLESGIVEPERMEABILITYVALUESINTHERANGEOF735MM/HINSPITEOFHAVINGPERMEABILITYVALUESMUCHLESSTHANTHE100MMTHRESHOLDSUGGESTEDBYHERGETANDDEKOROMPAY3,EACHOFTHESEHYDRAULICFILLSHASPERFORMEDSATISFACTORILYANECDOTALEVIDENCESANDBACKCALCULATIONSUSINGTHEMEASUREDFLOWINTHEMINESTOPESSUGGESTTHATTHEPERMEABILITYOFTHEHYDRAULICFILLINTHEMINEISOFTENLARGERTHANWHATISMEASUREDINTHELABORATORYUNDERCONTROLLEDCONDITIONSKUGANATHAN5ANDBRADYANDBROWN6PROPOSEDPERMEABILITYVALUESINTHERANGEOF3050MM/H,WHICHARESIGNIFICANTLYLARGERTHANTHOSEMEASUREDINTHELABORATORYFORSIMILARFILLSTHESEVALUESAREMUCHLESSTHANTHETHRESHOLDLIMITPRESCRIBEDBYHERGETANDDEKOROMPAY3,SUGGESTINGTHATITISACONSERVATIVERECOMMENDATION22STABILITYCONSIDERATIONSTHESTABILITYOFTHEHYDRAULICFILLSTOPEDURINGANDAFTERTHEDRAINAGEPERIODDEPENDSONSEVERALPARAMETERSTHATDETERMINETHESTRENGTHANDTHESTIFFNESSOFTHEHYDRAULICFILLMASSTHESEPARAMETERSCANBEMEASUREDINTHELABORATORYUSINGRECONSTITUTEDSAMPLESORINTHEMINEUSINGINSITUTESTINGDEVICESDUETOTHEDIFFICULTIESANDHIGHCOSTSASSOCIATEDWITHCARRYINGTHEINSITU

簡介：字數(shù)英文字數(shù)英文27382738單詞，單詞，1583115831字符；中文字符；中文47414741漢字漢字出處出處ALAWIALAWIG,G,JAMJOUMJAMJOUMH,H,SAMIRSAMIRHHENHANCINGENHANCINGTHETHECULTURALCULTURALTOURISMTOURISMEXPERIENCEEXPERIENCETHETHECASECASEOFOFHISTORICALHISTORICALOLDOLDJEDDAHJJEDDAHJWITWITTRANSACTIONSTRANSACTIONSONONTHETHEBUILTBUILTENVIRONMENT,2018,1773950ENVIRONMENT,2018,1773950外文文獻外文文獻ENHANCINGTHECULTURALTOURISMEXPERIENCETHECASEOFHISTORICALOLDJEDDAHABSTRACTTHEHISTORICALOLDJEDDAH,OTHERWISECALLEDALBALAD,WASINSCRIBEDINTHEUNESCOWORLDHERITAGELISTIN2014SINCETHEN,THEINTERNATIONALRECOGNITIONHASSTRENGTHENEDITSAPPEALASAHERITAGETOURISMDESTINATION,ANDTHENEEDFORAPROMISINGHERITAGETOURISMPLANHASBECOMEESSENTIALMANYRESEARCHERSINTENDEDTODEVELOPHERITAGETOURISMPLANSFROMADECISIONMAKER’SPERSPECTIVE,BUTFEWSTUDIESHAVEEXPLOREDHERITAGERESOURCESFROMTOURISTS’PERSPECTIVETHEOBJECTIVEOFTHISSTUDYISTOEVALUATETOURISTS’EXPERIENCEOFANDSATISFACTIONWITHTHEALBALADHERITAGESITETHESTUDYDEFINESFACTORSWHICHINFLUENCETHEIREXPERIENCESUCHASPRESENTEDINFORMATIONCOMFORTANDSAFETYCULTURALVALUESANDENTERTAINMENTEXPERIENCESAFIELDSTUDYANDASTRUCTUREDSURVEYARECONDUCTEDINORDERTOANALYZETHEQUALITYOFTHETOURISTS’EXPERIENCETHERESEARCH,BYUTILIZINGTHEINFORMATIONGATHEREDINTHISSURVEY,CONCLUDESWITHCONSIDERATIONSTOBEINCORPORATEDINTOTHETOURISMPLANOFTHEOLDCITYTHEOUTCOMEOFTHISRESEARCHSHALLCONTRIBUTETOTHESAUDI2030VISIONOFENABLINGANDENHANCINGTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTOURISMSECTORANDPROMOTINGTHEISLAMIC,ARABANDNATIONALHERITAGEOFTHEKINGDOMKEYWORDSURBANHERITAGE,CULTURALTOURISM,TOURISTEXPERIENCE,OLDJEDDAHTHATPROMOTETHECITYHERITAGE,FOCUSINGONTOURISTS’/VISITORS’EXPERIENCEQUALITYTHESEPRINCIPLESARETOBEINCORPORATEDINTOTHETOURISMPLANOFSAUDIARABIANHERITAGEINORDERTOACHIEVETHEOUTLINEDOBJECTIVESOFTHISPAPER,THISRESEARCHAPPLIESAQUALITATIVESTRATEGYBASEDONTHEFOLLOWINGTHREESTEPSALITERATUREREVIEWTHETHEORETICALFRAMEWORKILLUSTRATESTHEREVIEWOFTHELITERATUREASTHEBASISOFTHISSTUDYTHESCOPEOFTHERESEARCHDEALSWITHTHETANGIBLEANDINTANGIBLEELEMENTSOFHERITAGESITESTHATDIRECTLYAFFECTTHEVISITORS’EXPERIENCEBCONDUCTINGDATAASTRUCTUREDQUESTIONNAIRESURVEYBASEDONSELECTEDCRITERIADISTRIBUTEDAMONGLOCALVISITORSANDTOURISTSTHISPARTFOCUSESONUNDERSTANDINGTHECURRENTQUALITYOFTOURIST’SEXPERIENCE,THEIRPREFERENCES,ANDTHEIRLEVELOFSATISFACTIONREGARDINGTHECURRENTCONDITIONSTHISPARTCONDUCTSDATANEEDEDTHATARENOTAVAILABLEFROMOTHERRESOURCES,SUCHASTHEBEHAVIOR,CHARACTER,OPINION,ANDKNOWLEDGETHISAPPROACHALLOWSPLANNERSTOOBTAINQUALITATIVERESULTSANDTOADDRESSABOTTOMUPAPPROACHTHISINCREASESTHEEMPHASISONREPRESENTATIVECITIZENPARTICIPATION,WHOAREUSUALLYNOTCONSULTEDINPLANNINGISSUESCSITEEVALUATIONBASEDONBOTH,THETHEORETICALBACKGROUNDANDTHEDATAOBTAINEDFROMTHEFIELDWORK,THECURRENTBUILTENVIRONMENTOFOLDJEDDAHISASSESSEDANDANALYZEDTHERESEARCHFURTHERPROVIDESASETOFRECOMMENDATIONSTOIMPROVETHECURRENTCONDITIONSHERITAGETOURISMINTHELATE1980SANDEARLY1990S,HERITAGETOURISMGAINEDINCREASINGATTENTION,WITHAGROWINGBODYOFSPECIFICLITERATUREBEINGDEVOTEDTOTHISTOPICFYALLANDGARROD1998DEFINEHERITAGETOURISMASANECONOMICACTIVITYTHATMAKESUSEOFSOCIOCULTURALASSETSTOATTRACTVISITORSTHUS,HERITAGETOURISMISAMIXTUREOFMANYASPECTSHERITAGETOURISMISAPARTOFTHEGLOBALTOURISMTHATISORIENTEDTOWARDSTHECULTURALHERITAGECOMPONENTOFALOCATIONWHERETOURISMISACTIVETHENATIONALTRUST

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