簡(jiǎn)介：INTERNATIONALJOURNALOFAUTOMOTIVETECHNOLOGY,VOL10,NO3,PP321?3282009DOI101007/S12239?009?0037?XCOPYRIGHT?2009KSAE1229?9138/2009/046?07321STRUCTURALOPTIMIZATIONOFACIRCUMFERENTIALFRICTIONDISKBRAKEWITHCONSIDERATIONOFTHERMOELASTICINSTABILITYBCSONG1ANDKHLEE21RESEARCHENGINEER,RREVISED15DECEMBER2008ABSTRACT?THISRESEARCHSUGGESTSANEWDISKBRAKEDESIGNUSINGCIRCUMFERENTIALFRICTIONONTHEDISKOFAFRONTWHEELDRIVEPASSENGERCARTHEPAPERCOMPARESMECHANICALPERFORMANCEBETWEENTHECONVENTIONALANDSUGGESTEDDISKBRAKESUNDERDYNAMICBRAKINGCONDITIONSTHERMOELASTICINSTABILITYISCONSIDEREDINSIMULATIONOFTHETESTCONDITIONANOPTIMIZATIONTECHNIQUEUSINGAMETAMODELISINTRODUCEDTOMINIMIZETHEWEIGHTOFTHESUGGESTEDDISKBRAKETOACHIEVETHISGOAL,THERESPONSEDEFINEDINTHEOPTIMIZATIONFORMULATIONISEXPRESSEDINAMATHEMATICALLYEXPLICITFORMWITHRESPECTTOTHEDESIGNVARIABLESBYUSINGAKRIGINGSURROGATEMODEL,RESULTINGINASIMPLEOPTIMIZATIONPROBLEMTHEN,THESIMULATEDANNEALINGALGORITHMISUTILIZEDTOFINDTHEGLOBALOPTIMUMTHEDESIGNRESULTSOBTAINEDBYTHEKRIGINGMETHODARECOMPAREDWITHTHOSEOBTAINEDFROMANSYSANALYSISKEYWORDSCIRCUMFERENTIALFRICTIONDISKBRAKE,VENTILATEDDISKBRAKE,STRUCTURALOPTIMIZATION,THERMOELASTICINSTABILITY,KRIGING1INTRODUCTIONRECENTLYDEVELOPEDVEHICLECOMPONENTSAIMFORALIGHTWEIGHTDESIGNTOACHIEVEHIGHFUELEFFICIENCYANDVEHICLEPERFORMANCETHEFACTTHATCERTAINCOMPONENTSAREDEVELOPEDWITHTARGETWEIGHTSINUNITSOFGRAMSDURINGTHEPROTOTYPEDESIGNSTAGELEEANDKANG,2007UNDERSCORESTHEIMPORTANCEOFLIGHTWEIGHTDESIGNHOWEVER,THECURRENTDISKBRAKEHASALIMITFORPOSSIBLEWEIGHTREDUCTIONTHISSTUDYINTRODUCESANEWAPPROACHUSINGACIRCUMFERENTIALFRICTIONDISKBRAKEFORACTIVEWEIGHTREDUCTIONINORDERTOINVESTIGATETHETHERMALCHARACTERISTICS,THECIRCUMFERENTIALDISKBRAKEISCOMPAREDWITHTHEVENTILATEDDISKBRAKETHATISCURRENTLYUSEDINTHEMIDSIZEFRONTWHEELDRIVECARMADEBYTHEZCOMPANYWHENDEVELOPINGANAUTOMOBILEDISKBRAKE,VIBRATIONANDNOISEARETHEMOSTIMPORTANTELEMENTSCONSIDEREDAMONGTHEDESIGNREQUIREMENTSFORMECHANICALPERFORMANCEHOWEVER,MOSTVIBRATIONSANDFORMSOFNOISEAREGENERATEDBYRESONANCEWITHTHECARBODYORCHASSISHWANGANDPARK,2005,ANDITMAYTHEREFOREBEMEANINGLESSTOINVESTIGATETHERELATEDPERFORMANCEOFTHEBRAKECOMPONENTSASSEPARATEFROMTHECARBODYANDCHASSISINGENERAL,THEFIRSTNATURALFREQUENCYOFAFOURDOORSEDANISMORETHAN30HZTHUS,ADESIGNIMPROVEMENTINTHEBRAKECOMPONENTALONECANELIMINATEORMINIMIZETHENOISEGENERATEDFROMVIBRATIONSLOWERTHAN30HZTHEJUDDERISDIVIDEDINTOCOLDJUDDERANDHOTJUDDER,WHEREHOTJUDDERISKNOWNTOBECAUSEDBYTHETHERMOELASTICINSTABILITYTEIPHENOMENONCHOIANDLEE,2003CHUNGETAL,2005ITHASBEENREPORTEDTHATREDUCINGTHETHERMALDEFORMATIONISANEFFECTIVEWAYTOREDUCEHOTJUDDERKOJIETAL,2004WHENTHEBRAKEISAPPLIEDDURINGHIGHSPEEDDRIVING,ALARGECONTACTPRESSUREISGENERATEDONPARTSOFTHEFRICTIONALSURFACEDUETOUNEQUALCONTACTPRESSUREBETWEENTHEPADANDDISK,SUCHTHATTHEHEATGENERATEDONCERTAINPARTSISRELATIVELYHIGHERTHANINOTHERLOCATIONSTHISUNEQUALCONTACTPRESSURECAUSESTHELOCALTEMPERATURETORISESUCHTHATIT,INTURN,GENERATESADDITIONALINCREASESINLOCALCONTACTCORRESPONDINGAUTHOREMAILLEEKHDAUACKRFIGURE1BRAKINGCONDITIONSFORFMVSS10575STRUCTURALOPTIMIZATIONOFACIRCUMFERENTIALFRICTIONDISKBRAKEWITHCONSIDERATION323DISKFOR15CYCLESTHETEMPERATURESARECALCULATEDDURINGTHE15CYCLES,SHOWINGTHATTHETEMPERATUREATTHEBRAKINGENDPOINTTENDSTOBEINCREASEDINACCORDANCEWITHTHEINCREASEINTHENUMBEROFBRAKINGCYCLESTHEN,THESTRESSESGENERATEDONTHEDISKAREOBTAINEDBYTHECONSTITUTIONRELATIONFORTHEELASTICPROBLEMWITHTHERMALEXPANSIONTHETEIANALYSISFORSUBSEQUENTCOUPLEDANALYSISOFTHERMOELASTICCONTACTBEHAVIORISONLYPERFORMEDFORTHEFIRSTBRAKINGCYCLECONSIDERINGTHOSETENDENCIES212THERMOELASTICCONTACTANALYSISWITHCONSIDERATIONOFTEITHEANALYSISMODELSHOULDIDEALLYBECONSTRUCTEDTOSIMULATETHETEIPHENOMENONTHECOUPLEDRELATIONBETWEENTHERMALANDCONTACTBEHAVIORSISREPRESENTEDINFIGURE3THERMALLOADDUETOAFRICTIONGENERATEDBETWEENTHEDISKANDPADSCANBEEXPRESSEDAS2WHEREPISTHECONTACTORBRAKINGPRESSUREANDVISTHESLIDINGVELOCITYATTHESPECIFIEDTIME,RESPECTIVELYTHECALIPERFORCENEEDEDTOPUSHTHEPADISCALCULATEDASFOLLOWSFIRST,THEBRAKINGFORCES,FBFANDFBR,AREOBTAINEDCONSIDERINGTHEFORCEEQUILIBRIUMINFIGURE4JUNGETAL,2008INTHISARBITRARYVEHICLE,ITISASSUMEDTHATTHEWEIGHTDISTRIBUTIONRATIOWITHRESPECTTOTHEFRONTANDREARAXLESIS6TO4,THEFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTΜF(xiàn)ORTHETIREIS09,THEROLLINGRADIUSRTOFTHETIREIS322MM,ANDTHEDISTANCERPBETWEENTHECENTEROFTHEWHEELANDTHECENTEROFTHEPADIS104MMTHEDYNAMICWEIGHTDISTRIBUTIONDURINGDECELERATIONIS,34WHERERFANDRRARETHEFORCESACTINGONTHEFRONTANDREARAXLESJUNGETAL,2008NEXT,THEMAXIMUMTRANSFERABLEBRAKINGFORCEFORONESIDEOFTHEFRONTAXLEISREPRESENTEDAS5WHEREΜISTHEFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTBETWEENTHELOADANDTIREADDITIONALLY,THEBRAKINGTORQUEIS6WHEREFPFISTHEFRICTIONFORCEBETWEENTHEDISKROTORANDPADFROMFIGURE5,ITCANBESEENTHATTHEFORCEREQUIREDTOPUSHTHEPADAGAINSTADISKROTORIS,7WHEREΜPISTHEFRICTIONALCOEFFICIENTBETWEENTHEDISKROTORANDPADTHEFORCE,PF,INTHEAPPLIEDVEHICLEISCALCULATEDAS2083KGF,ANDWITHTHISVALUE,THEINITIALCONTACTPRESSURECANBESUBSTITUTEDFOREQUATION222FINITEELEMENTANALYSISFORTHERMOELASTICCONTACTBEHAVIORS221ANALYSISOFCOMMERCIALDISKBRAKETHERMALANALYSISANDTHERMOELASTICCONTACTANALYSISAREPERFORMEDFORTHEGENERALTYPEOFDISKBRAKECURRENTLYUSEDINPASSENGERCARSINTHECASEOFTHERMALANALYSIS,THEHEATLOADEXPRESSEDINEQUATION1ISAPPLIEDTOTHEFREESURFACE,WHICHISINCONTACTWITHTHEPADINCONTRAST,WHENTEIISCONSIDERED,THEPADISINCLUDEDINTHEFEMODEL,INWHICHCASETHEDISKANDPADSAREMODELEDWITH2DAXISYMMETRICELEMENTSTHEANALYSISSEQUENCEUSEDTOSIMULATETHETHERMOELASTICCONTACTBEHAVIORSUSINGANSYSISASFOLLOWSFIRST,FORCEPFISAPPLIEDNORMALTOTHESURFACESOFTHEPADSTHEN,THEYQΜPVRF06GVWGVWAGHLRF04GVWGVWAGHL–FBF1ΜRF2?RTFBF1RPFPFPFFPF2ΜPFIGURE3COUPLEDRELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHERMALANDCONTACTANALYSISFIGURE4FORCEEQUILIBRIUMUSEDTOEVALUATEDRFIGURE5CONTACTPRESSUREACTINGONPAD

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簡(jiǎn)介：IEEEVEHICLEPOWERANDPROPULSIONCONFERENCEVPPC,SEPTEMBER35,2008,HARBIN,CHINA9781424418497/08/2500○C2008IEEEMODELINGANDSIMULATIONOFAUTOMOBILEBRAKINGSYSTEMBASEDONKINETICENERGYCONVERSIONWENJUANLI,XUDONGWANG,XUELENG,ANDMENGWANGCOLLEGEOFELECTRICALKINETICENERGYANTILOCKBRAKINGSYSTEMIINTRODUCTIONTHEAUTOMOBILEISONEOFTHEMOSTIMPORTANTVEHICLESTHESECURITYANDCOMFORTARETHEFOCUSESCONCERNEDBYTHEPEOPLETHEBRAKINGABILITYISTHEMAININDEXREPRESENTINGTHESECURITYOFTHEAUTOMOBILEWHICHISRUNNINGONTHEROADFATALTRAFFICACCIDENTSARERELATEDWITHTHEOVERLENGTHBRAKINGDISTANCEANDSIDESLIPWHENTHEAUTOMOBILEISBRAKEDINANEMERGENCY,ASIN1WITHTHEINCREASEOFTHEQUANTITYANDRUNNINGSPEEDOFTHEAUTOMOBILETHEDAMAGESBROUGHTTOPEOPLEBYTHETRAFFICACCIDENTSAREMORESERIOUSITISVERYIMPORTANTTOSTUDYANDIMPROVETHEBRAKINGABILITYOFTHEAUTOMOBILEREF2POINTEDOUTTHATTHEANTILOCKBRAKINGSYSTEMABSISTHEACTIVEMETHODOFINCREASINGTHEBRAKINGABILITYTHEABSCONTROLLERISTHEKEYTOABSTHEMODELINGANDSIMULATIONOFTHEAUTOMOBILEBRAKINGSYSTEMCANBEUSEDINDESIGNINGTHEABSCONTROLLERTHEGENERALBRAKINGMODELISBUILTBYANALYZINGTHEFORCESONTHEAUTOMOBILEBODYANDISDIFFICULTTOBEUNDERSTOOD,ASIN3AND4ANEWMETHODWHICHESTABLISHESTHEBRAKINGMODELISINTRODUCEDINTHISPAPERTHEKINETICISWORNDOWNBYFRICTIONSTHATCOMEFROMSANDROAD,THEWHEELANDBRAKINGBLOCKWHENTHEAUTOMOBILEISBRAKINGASINGLEWHEELMATHEMATICALMODELISDEDUCEDWITHTHISPRINCIPLEINORDERTOVALIDATETHISMODEL,SIMULATIONSWITHABSANDNOABSMODELAREDONEINTHEMATLAB/SIMULINKENVIRONMENTIIESTABLISHMENTOFMATHEMATICALMODELOFBRAKINGSYSTEMTHEBRAKINGMODELDEPENDSONTHEDECREASEOFKINETICENERGYWHENTHEAUTOMOBILEISBRAKINGITCONSISTSOFTHEKINETICENERGYDISSIPATINGMODEL,SPEEDMODEL,FLUIDBRAKINGMODELANDSLIPRATEVERSUSADHESIONCOEFFICIENTMODELAKINETICENERGYDISSIPATINGMODELTHEKINETICENERGYOFTHEAUTOMOBILEBODYISMOSTLYDISSIPATEDBYTHEFRICTIONSBETWEENTHEWHEELANDTHEGROUND,THEBRAKESHEETANDBRAKEDISCINTHEBRAKINGPROCESSTHEINITIALKINETICENERGY0KEOFTHEAUTOMOBILEBODYIS2200MVEK,1WHEREMISTHEMASSOFTHEAUTOMOBILEINKILOGRAMSKGANDV0ISTHEINITIALSPEEDM/SFROM0TOT,THEENERGY1QDISSIPATEDBYTHEFRICTIONBETWEENTHEWHEELANDTHEGROUNDISGIVENBYMGDTRVQTV001ΜΩ∫?,2WHERETISTHEBRAKINGTIMEINSECONDSSVVISTHEAUTOMOBILEBODYSPEEDINTHEBRAKINGPROCESSM/SΩISTHEANGULARVELOCITYOFTHEWHEELRAD/SΜ0ISTHEFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTBETWEENTHEWHEELANDTHEGROUNDRISTHERADIUSOFTHEBRAKEDISCMFROM0TOT,THEENERGY2QDISSIPATEDBYTHEBRAKECANBEEXPRESSEDINMATHEMATICALLY,RDTPSQTMΩΜ∫02,3WHEREPISTHEPRESSUREWITHINTHEWHEELCYLINDERMPASISTHEAREAOFWHEELCYLINDERM2ΜMISTHEFRICTIONCOEFFICIENTBETWEENTHEBRAKESHEETANDBRAKEDISCACCORDINGTOTHELAWOFCONSERVATIONOFENERGYTHEFOLLOWINGEQUATIONISOBTAINED,2/2210VKMVQQE??,4THATISSUPPORTEDBYTHEHARBINPROGRAMFORSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYDEVELOPMENT2004AA1CG082IEEEVEHICLEPOWERANDPROPULSIONCONFERENCEVPPC,SEPTEMBER35,2008,HARBIN,CHINA3001234550510152025BODYSPEEDWHEELSPEED1WHEELSPEED2TIMESSPEEDM/SFIGURE4CURVESOFTHEBODYSPEEDANDWHEELSPEEDWITHOUTABSSHOWSTHEINTERNALSTRUCTUREOFTHEFLUIDBRAKINGMODULEINFIG3,THEMECHANICALDELAYIS01SECONDSTHEFLUIDINERTIALELEMENTISSIMILARTOAFIRSTORDERINERTIALELEMENTTHEINPUTIN1REPRESENTSTHESLIDRATEOFTHEWHEELTHEPRESSUREWITHINTHEBRAKEPIPEISTHEOUTPUTTHEOBJECTOFTHEABSCONTROLLERISTOREGULATETHESLIDRATEATTHE20,ASIN4SEENINFIG1,THEADHESIONCOEFFICIENTREACHESMAXIMUMATTHISTIMETHEAPPROACHCONTROLLINGTHESLIDRATEINTHISSIMULATIONISPIDIVSIMULATIONRESULTSANDANALYSISBASEDONTHESIMULATIONMODELSOFTHISBRAKINGSYSTEMANDABS,SIMULATIONSUNDERMATLAB/SIMULINKAREMADEFIG4SHOWSTHEBRAKINGCURVESOFTHEWHEELSPEEDANDTHEBODYSPEEDVARYINGWITHTHETIMEATTHEBRAKINGSPEED28M/STHECURVEOFTHEWHEELSPEED1ISACHIEVEDBYUSINGTHEBRAKINGMODELPRESENTEDINTHISPAPERTHECURVEOFTHEWHEELSPEED2ISOBTAINEDBYUSINGTHEGENERALBRAKINGMODELUSEDINTHEMOSTPAPERSITCANBESEENTHATTWOCURVESAREALMOSTOVERLAP,THEWHEELISLOCKEDAT03SANDTHEBRAKINGTIMEIS43SFORCOMPARISONWITHTHEDATAIN6,SIMULATIONSWITHABSHAVEBEENBONETHEABSAPPROACHISTHEPIDCONTROLTOTHESLIDRATETHECURVESARESHOWNINFIG5CURVESOFWHEELSPEED1ANDWHEELSPEED2ARETHESAMEMEANINGWITHTHOSEINFIG4THEFIGUREILLUSTRATESTHEWHEELISUNLOCKEDANDTHEBRAKINGTIMEIS39STHEEFFECTOFABSISALSOVERIFIEDCOMPARISONRESULTSAREGIVENINTABLEIITSHOWSTHATTHESIMULATIONBRAKINGDISTANCESBASEDONTHEBUILTMODELARECONSISTENTWITHTHERESULTSIN6THEREFOREITPROVESTHATTHEBRAKINGMODELBASEDONTHEKINETICENERGYCONVERSIONISRIGHTANDCANBEUSEDINTHERESEARCHONTHEAUTOMOBILEBRAKINGABILITYVCONCLUSIONSBASEDONTHEKINETICENERGYCONVERSION,THEMATHEMATICALMODELOFTHEAUTOMOBILEBRAKINGSYSTEMISDEDUCEDINTHISPAPERTHESIMULATIONMODELSOFTHISBRAKINGSYSTEMANDABSAREESTABLISHEDSIMULATIONSUNDERMATLAB/SIMULINKAREMADETHEBRAKINGDISTANCESOBTAINEDBYTHESIMULATIONARECOMPAREDWITHTHEKNOWNDATATHERESULTSSHOWTHATTHEBRAKINGMODELBASEDONTHEKINETICENERGYCONVERSIONISRELIABLETHISMETHODCANPROVIDEANEWWAYTOANALYZETHEAUTOMOBILEBRAKINGPROCESSREFERENCES1FARMER,CM,“NEWEVIDENCECONCERNINGFATALCRASHESOFPASSENGERVEHICLESBEFOREANDAFTERADDINGANTILOCKBRAKINGSYSTEMS”,ACCIDENTANALYSISANDPREVENTION,VOL33,PP361–369,20012JBROUGHTON,CBAUGHAN,“THEEFFECTIVENESSOFANTILOCKBRAKINGSYSTEMSINREDUCINGACCIDENTSINGREATBRITAIN”,ACCIDENTANALYSISANDPREVENTIO,VOL34,PP347–355,20023JEONGHONSONG,“PERFORMANCEEVALUATIONOFHYBRIDELECTRICBRAKESYSTEMWITHASLID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簡(jiǎn)介：KCLEEANDHHLEENETWORKBASEDFIREDETECTIONSYSTEMVIACONTROLLERAREANETWORKFORSMARTHOMEAUTOMATIONCONTRIBUTEDPAPERMANUSCRIPTRECEIVEDJULY29,200400983063/04/2000?2004IEEE1093NETWORKBASEDFIREDETECTIONSYSTEMVIACONTROLLERAREANETWORKFORSMARTHOMEAUTOMATIONKYUNGCHANGLEE,ASSOCIATEMEMBER,IEEE,HONGHEELEE,MEMBER,IEEEABSTRACTTHISPAPERPRESENTSANETWORKBASEDFIREDETECTIONSYSTEMVIATHECONTROLLERAREANETWORKCANTOEVALUATETHEFEASIBILITYOFUSINGSUCHAHOMEAUTOMATIONPROTOCOLINASMARTHOMEINGENERAL,ACONVENTIONALFIREDETECTIONSYSTEMHASSEVERALSHORTCOMINGS,SUCHASWEAKNESSTONOISE,BECAUSEITUSESANANALOGTRANSMISSIONWITH4–20MACURRENTLINESHENCE,ASANALTERNATIVETOACONVENTIONALSYSTEM,THISPAPERDESCRIBESTHESTRUCTUREOFACANBASEDFIREDETECTIONSYSTEMANDTHEDESIGNMETHODOFACANCOMMUNICATIONNETWORKTHEPERFORMANCEOFTHEPROPOSEDSYSTEMISEVALUATEDTHROUGHEXPERIMENTALTESTSTHECANHASSEVERALADVANTAGES,SUCHASLOWCOSTANDEASEOFIMPLEMENTATION,ASCOMPAREDTOOTHERLOWLAYERSOFTHEBACNET,SUCHASETHERNETORARCNETTHEREFORE,IFTHECANISSELECTEDFORTHELOWLAYEROFTHEBACNET,AHOMEAUTOMATIONSYSTEMCANBEIMPLEMENTEDMOREEFFECTIVELY1INDEXTERMSNETWORKBASEDFIREDETECTIONSYSTEM,CONTROLLERAREANETWORKCAN,HOMEAUTOMATIONSYSTEM,HOMENETWORKSYSTEM,INTELLIGENTBUILDINGIINTORDUCTIONRECENTLYCONSTRUCTEDBUILDINGSTENDTOBE“INTELLIGENT”TOENHANCETHECONVENIENCEANDSAFETYOFOCCUPANTS12THUS,THEREQUIREMENTSFORHOMENETWORKSANDAUTOMATIONSYSTEMSHAVEINCREASEDWITHTHEDEMANDFORSMARTHOMES3TOSATISFYTHENEEDSOFOCCUPANTS,HOMEAPPLIANCESSUCHASREFRIGERATORSORMICROWAVEOVENS,MULTIMEDIADEVICESSUCHASTELEVISIONSORAUDIOSYSTEMS,ANDINTERNETDEVICESSUCHASPCSHAVEBEENINCLUDEDININTELLIGENTBUILDINGS,ASSHOWNINFIG1INSMARTHOMES,APPLIANCESARECONNECTEDTOTHEHOMENETWORKSOTHATITBECOMESPOSSIBLETOCONTROLANDMONITORTHEAPPLIANCESFROMINSIDETHEHOUSEORREMOTELYUSINGACELLULARTELEPHONEORPDATOREALIZEAHOMENETWORKSYSTEM,SEVERALSTANDARDS,SUCHASECHONET,KONNEX,LNCP,ANDLONWORKS,AREBEINGDEVELOPEDBYSTANDARDSORGANIZATIONSANDCORPORATIONS4INADDTITION,HOMEAUTOMATIONSYSTEMS,SUCHASHVACHEATING,VENTILATION,ANDCOOLING,LIGHTING,ANTICRIME,ANDFIREDETECTIONSYSTEMSAREBEINGUSEDTOIMPROVECONVENIENCE1THISWORKWASSUPPORTEDINPARTBYTHEKOREASCIENCEANDENGINEERINGFOUNDATIONKOSEFTHROUGHTHENETWORKBASEDAUTOMATIONRESEARCHCENTERNARCATUNIVERSITYOFULSANHHLEEISWITHTHESCHOOLOFELECTRICELECTRONICINFORMATIONSYSTEMENGINEERING,UNIVERSITYOFULSAN,ULSAN680749,KOREACORRESPONDINGAUTHORTOPROVIDEPHONE82FAX82EMAILHHLEEMAINULSANACKRKCLEEISWITHTHENETWORKBASEDAUTOMATIONRESEARCHCENTER,UNIVERSITYOFULSAN,ULSAN680749,KOREAEMAILGCLEEPNUEDUANDSAFETYFOROCCUPANTSGENERALLY,INACONVENTIONALHOMEAUTOMATIONSYSTEM,HOMEEQUIPMENTS,SUCHASSWITCHES,VALVES,ORFIREDETECTORS,AREDIRECTLYCONNECTEDTOCONTROLLERSFORTHEHAVCORFIREDETECTIONSYSTEMSHOWEVER,BECAUSEOFTHEANALOGTRANSMISSIONMETHOD,WHICHUSESA4–20MACURRENT,CONVENTIONALFIREDETECTIONSYSTEMSDETECTAFIREASOCCURRINGWHENTHECURRENTRECEIVEDFROMAFIREDETECTOREXCEEDSAPREDEFINEDTHRESHOLDHENCE,THESYSTEMHASDISADVANTAGESSUCHASAWEAKNESSTONOISEOFVARIOUSFORMS,INCLUDINGIMPULSESORSHORTCIRCUITS,ANDALACKOFAWARENESSOFTHEACTUALLOCATIONOFAFIRERECENTLY,INORDERTOSOLVETHESEPROBLEMS,RESEARCHONFIREDETECTIONSYSTEMSTHATUSEDIGITALORWIRELESSTRANSMISSIONINSTEADOFANALOGTRANSMISSIONHASBEENCONDUCTED56INPARALLELWITHTHIS,RESEARCHISALSOBEINGPERFORMEDONCOMMUNICATIONPROTOCOLS,SUCHASTHEBACNETORLONWORKS7RECENTLY,RESEARCHERSHAVEPROPOSEDAPPLYINGTHECONTROLLERAREANETWORKCAN8TOTHEHOMENETWORKPROTOCOL,ANDATTENTIONHASINCREASINGLYBEENCENTEREDONTHECANINAUTOMATIONCIA911ESPECIALLY,THEPRICEOFACANMICROCONTROLLER,WHICHCANBEINTEGRATEDINTOONECHIPBYSEMICONDUCTORMANUFACTURINGCOMPANIES,ISLOWANDMANYCANDEVELOPMENTTOOLSARECOMINGONTOTHEMARKETALSO,MANYAPPLICATIONPROGRAMSHADBEENDEVELOPEDINVARIOUSFIELDSSUCHASAUTOMOTIVE,ROBOTIC,ANDINDUSTRIALAUTOMATIONSYSTEMSTHEREFORE,AHOMEAUTOMATIONSYSTEMUSINGTHECANBEMOREEASILYIMPLEMENTED,BECAUSEREALIZATIONATTHESENSORORACTUATORLEVELISRELATIVELYSTRAIGHTFORWARDASCOMPAREDTOASYSTEMUSINGANETHERNETTHATISTHELOWERLAYEROFTHEBACNETTOEVALUATETHEFEASIBILITYOFTHECANFORHOMEAUTOMATIONPROTOCOLS,THISPAPERINTRODUCESANETWORKBASEDFIREDETECTIONSYSTEMVIATHECANTHEPAPERISORGANIZEDINTOFIVESECTIONS,INCLUDINGTHISINTRODUCTIONSECTIONIIGIVESTHEARCHITECTUREOFTHENETWORKBASEDFIREDETECTIONSYSTEMSECTIONIIIPRESENTSTHEDESIGNMETHODOFTHECANBASEDFIREDETECTIONSYSTEM,ANDVERIFIESTHATACANCOMMUNICATIONNETWORKSATISFIESTHEREALTIMEREQUIREMENTSOFAHOMEAUTOMATIONSYSTEMSECTIONIVDESCRIBESANEXPERIMENTALTESTBEDTHATWASIMPLEMENTEDTOVERIFYTHEFEASIBILITYOFTHEPROPOSEDSYSTEMFINALLY,ASUMMARYANDTHECONCLUSIONSAREPRESENTEDINSECTIONVIIARCHITECTUREOFNETWORKBASEDFIREDETECTIONSYSTEMACONVENTIONALFIREDETECTIONSYSTEMFIG2ASHOWSTHEARCHITECTUREOFACONVENTIONALFIREDETECTIONSYSTEMASSHOWNINTHEFIGURE,FIREDETECTORSEG,KCLEEANDHHLEENETWORKBASEDFIREDETECTIONSYSTEMVIACONTROLLERAREANETWORKFORSMARTHOMEAUTOMATION1095MEASUREDBYEACHFIREDETECTORCANBESENTTOTHERECEIVERITISSTRAIGHTFORWARDTOAPPLYSUCHASYSTEMTOANINTELLIGENTFIREDETECTIONSYSTEMANDTOAPPLYAREASONINGALGORITHM,BECAUSETHERECEIVERCANMAKEUSEOFTHEDIGITIZEDDETECTIONVALUESOFTHESMOKEANDHEATFROMMULTIPLEFIREDETECTORSINSTALLEDINTHESAMEGUARDAREAASCHANGESINTHEDETECTIONSIGNALSCANBECALCULATEDANDCO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簡(jiǎn)介：SYSTEMDESIGNFORLOCALCULTUREPROTECTIONBASEDONSMARTITEMBINYUECUI1,WEIZHOU2,GUANGQUANFAN1,ZHIQIANGHE31SCHOOLOFMANAGEMENTSCIENCEANDENGINEERING,HEBEIUNIVERSITYOFECONOMICS3D,VRANDARTECHNOLOGIESDIGITALIZEDANCIENTARTWORKS,THEYFACILITATEDARCHIVESKEEPINGANDSAVING,ANDCULTUREBROADCASTINGTHEREFORE,MANYRESEARCHERSPAIDATTENTIONTOENHANCEVISITORS’LEARNINGEXPERIENCESINSIDEAMUSEUMHALLORONANONLINEMUSEUM3IOTINTERNETOFTHETHINGSANDSMARTMOBILEDEVICESMAKEINFORMATIONMOREREACHABLEANDRICHERTHANEVERENDUSERSAREABLETOACCESSNETWORK,WEBARCHIVESANDINFORMATIONANYTIMEANDANYWHERERECENTLY,IBEACONDEVICESAREVERYPOPULARINBUSINESSFIELDS,PARTICULARLYINRETAILFIELDIBEACONISANEXCELLENTINDOORPOSITIONINGDEVICE,BASEDONBLUETOOTHTECHNOLOGYIBEACONISUSEDTOPUSHONSALEINFORMATIONTOCUSTOMERINCOMMERCIALFIELDSCUSTOMERSWHOHAVEINSTALLEDCERTAINAPPWILLGETGUIDANCEINFORMATIONABOUTGOODSBYPERSONALSMARTPHONESIBEACONASANLOWENERGYDEVICE,WORKS24YEARSWITHALITTLECELLBATTERYWECANPUTBEACONDEVICEATANYWHEREWEWANTASLONGASTHEREHAVENETWORKSWITHIBEACONANDSMARTPHONEAPP,ITEMSWILLBESMARTTODETECTVISITORSAROUNDTHEMINACERTAINAREA,ANDPUSHITEMINFORMATIONTOVISITORSARAUGMENTEDREALITYTECHNOLOGIESAREWIDELYUSEDINBUSINESSWAYSANDENTERTAINMENTS,EDUCATION,EMULATIONINDIFFERENTSCENARIOSBASEDONAR,PEOPLEREBUILTHISTORICHERITAGES,ANDPROTECTEDDIGITALCULTUREHERITAGESTHEYPUSHEDINFORMATIONOFCULTURALANCIENTRELICSTOVISITORSWITHHMDHELMETMOUNTEDDISPLAYERSVISITORSAREABLETONOTONLYGETPLAINTTEXTINTRODUCTIONSOFTHEANCIENTHERITAGES,BUTALSOSEETHEDETAILSABOUTREBUILTPARTSMANYMERITSOFARMAKEITAVAILABLEFORUSTOILLUSTRATERICHMEDIACONTENTSOFLOCALCULTUREANDHISTORICHERITAGESINMUSEUM4THISRESEARCHPROPOSEDALOCALCULTUREPROTECTIONSYSTEMDESIGN,WHICHISONTHEBASISOFSMARTITEMSANIBEACONANDAPPINSMARTDEVICESBYAPP,SMARTITEMSAREABLETOPROVIDEVISITORSWITHMULTIMEDIAINFORMATIONANDKNOWLEDGEIIRELATEDTECHNOLOGIESIBEACONTECHNOLOGYIBEACONTECHNOLOGYISLAUNCHEDBYAPPLEATTHECONFERENCEWWDCAPPLEWORLDWIDEDEVELOPERSCONFERENCEIN2013ITISONEOFTHEOPENBLUETOOTHLOWENERGYTECHNOLOGIES,WHICHISUSEDINBUSINESSAREASWIDELYIBEACON,ASABLUETOOTHLOWENERGYBLWDEVICEBROADCASTSDATAPACKETSINACERTAINREGIONSATCERTAINTIMEINTERVALS,THEAPPLICATIONSINSMARTDEVICESCELLPHONES,PDAORIPADETCWILLGETTRIGGEDWHILETHESMARTDEVICESENTEREDCERTAINAREATHEN,THEUSERCAN9781509022182/16/3100?2016IEEETHE11THINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCOMPUTERSCIENCEEDUCATIONICCSE2016AUGUST2325,2016NAGOYAUNIVERSITY,JAPAN144INS43INORDERTOGETAUGMENTEDREALITYOBJECTSDEVELOPEDQUICKLY,SOMESOFTWAREDEVELOPMENTKITSDKAPPEAREDARTOOLKIT9,ASOFTWARELIBRARYFORBUILDINGARAPPLICATIONS,INCLUDESOVERLAYOFVIRTUALIMAGERYOROBJECTSONTHEREALWORDBACKGROUNDVIACOMPUTERVISIONALGORITHMSTOTRACETHEUSERS’VIEWPOINTINORDERTODRAWTHEVIRTUALOBJECTSONTHEDISPLAYERSCENEWHERETHEUSERSARELOOKINGATARTOOLKITSDKISPOPULARUSEDINADDITION,MOBINETTAR,METAIOALSOPROVIDEWELLKNOWNSDKSIIISMARTITERMSDESIGNUSUALLY,VISITORS’BEHAVORSAREAPPRECIABLEINSIDECERTAINAREABYIBEACON,DETECTEDBYAPPINSMARTDEVICEASWELLASWIFISMARTITEMSSHOULDBEABLETOPERCEIVEVISITORS’BEHAVIORSANDMAKETHERIGHTRESPONSEWEPROPOSEDSMARTITEMSDESIGNBASEDONAPPLICATIONOFIBEACONSMARTITEMSBASICALLYHAVETHREECHARACTERISTICSSHOWNBYFIG3SMARTITEMISCOMPOSEDOFIBEACONANDAPPINVISITORS’SMARTDEVICEITISABLETOPERCEIVEVISITOR’SEXISTENCE,GETVISITORS’LOCATIONASWELLASJUDGINGVISITOR’SPREFERENCEBYDISTANCEBETWEENTHEITEMANDTHEVISITOR,RESIDENCETIMEAVISITORSTAYAROUNDACERTAINITEMFIG3ILLUSTRATIONOFSMARTITEM1PERCEIVEEXISTENCEOFINDIVIDUALSAROUNDTHEMBEACONSENDSBLEATINTERVALSALLTHETIME,IFANYBODYENTEREDTHISREGIONWITHSMARTDEVICES,THEAPPINSTALLEDINSMARTDEVICEBEFOREHANDWILLBETRIGGEREDBYDETECTEDBLEFORMBEACONSANIBEACONCANBEPLACEDBESIDEACULTUREARTWORKSORANANCIENTHISTORICSPOT,VISITORS’SMARTPHONEAPPWILLDETECTTHEBLE,ANDPUSHCORRESPONDINGKNOWLEDGEABOUTTHISITEMTOTHESMARTPHONE2PERCEIVEINDIVIDUAL’SLOCATIONANDPROVIDENAVIGATIONSERVICEANINDOORNAVIGATIONSERVICEISAVAILABLEBASEDONTHREEORMORETHANTHREEESTIMATEIBEACONSFIG4WHENAVISITORENTERSASPECIALREGIONINTHEMUSEUMHALL,THEAPPINSMARTDEVICEWILLDETECTTHESTRENGTHOFBLEFROMDIFFERENTIBEACONS,ANDCALCULATETHEDISTANCEBETWEENVISITORANDDIFFERENTIBEACONSWEAREABLETOGETVISITOR’SPOSITIONINFOINSIDETHEHALL,ANDNAVIGATEVISITORSINSIDEMUSEUMORANAREAATTHESAMETIMEWECANPUSHRELATIVEKNOWLEDGEABOUTTHECLOSESTITEMSATREALTIMEFIG4LOCATIONBY3ESTIMATEIBEACONS3DETECTINDIVIDUAL’SPREFERENCEIFAVISITORISINTERESTEDINSOMEITEMINTHEEXHIBITION,THEYWILLBESTAYINFRONTOFTHEITEMFORALITTLELONGERTIME,ORSTAYTHEREFORSOMEWHILE,ANDEVENTRYINGTOFINDMOREABOUTITBYAPPROACHINGCLOSERTOITTHEVISITORMIGHTRETRIEVEKEYWORDSONLINE,SHAREPHOTOSORRELATIVELINKSWITHFRIENDSONSOCIALMEDIAALLTHESEBEHAVIORSWILLTAKESOMETIMETHEREFORE,THEAPPWILLDETECTIBEACONSIGNALSANDCALCULATEVISITOR’SRESIDENCETIMETHEDISTANCEBETWEENTHEVISITORANDTHEITEMISANOTHERMEASUREMENTVALUEOFVISITOR’SPREFERENCEUSUALLY,WHENSOMEONEVISITSACOLLECTIONORLOCALHISTORICRELICS,HEWILLREADTHEBRIEFINTRODUCTION,ANDGOAROUNDITTOOBSERVESOMEDETAILSBYCLOSERTOITLET’SMAKEAHYPOTHESIS,VALUETMEANSRESIDENCETIMEINSECOND,DMEANSDISTANCEBETWEENITEMANDVISITORINCENTIMETER,THEJUDGMENTWILLBEMADEACCORDINGTOTHECRITERIABELOWWEJUDGETHEPREFERENCEORINTERESTSTOACERTAINITEMBYTWOCONSTRA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簡(jiǎn)介：LZHANGETALINFORMATIONFUSIONBASEDSMARTHOMECONTROLSYSTEMANDITSAPPLICATIONCONTRIBUTEDPAPERMANUSCRIPTRECEIVEDJUNE25,200800983063/08/2000?2008IEEE1157INFORMATIONFUSIONBASEDSMARTHOMECONTROLSYSTEMANDITSAPPLICATIONLANZHANG,HENRYLEUNG,ANDKEITHCCCHANABSTRACTTHISPAPERPRESENTSANINFORMATIONFUSIONBASEDSMARTHOMECONTROLSYSTEMTHEPROPOSEDCONTROLFRAMEWORKINCLUDESANINTERNETACCESSANDINFORMATIONACQUISITIONMODULE,INHOUSENETWORKINGSERVICESWITHBLUETOOTHWIRELESSCONNECTIVITY,ANINFORMATIONFUSIONBASEDCONTROLLERUSINGFUZZYLOGICANDFUZZYNEURALNETWORK,ANDEMBEDDEDCOMPUTATIONALUNITSINHOMEAPPLIANCESITINTEGRATESINFORMATIONFROMMULTIPLESOURCESTOCONTROLHOMEAPPLIANCESTOCREATETHESMARTHOMEENVIRONMENTTHEDETAILEDDESCRIPTIONOFTHEPROPOSEDSYSTEM,FROMDESIGNTOIMPLEMENTATION,ISGIVENINTHISPAPER1INDEXTERMSINFORMATIONFUSION,FUZZYLOGIC,FUZZYNEURALNETWORK,SMARTHOMEIINTRODUCTIONSMARTHOMEREFERSTOADOMESTICENVIRONMENTTHATAPPLIESKNOWLEDGETOIMPROVETHEQUALITYOFRESIDENT’SLIFEBYFACILITATINGAFLEXIBLE,COMFORTABLE,HEALTHYANDEFFICIENTENVIRONMENTCURRENTLY,SMARTHOMESYSTEMSAREBEINGEXTENSIVELYINTEGRATEDWITHSMARTDEVICESANDENHANCEDSERVICESANDCANBEFOUNDINASPECTSRELATEDTOENVIRONMENT,SECURITY,ENTERTAINMENT,COMMUNICATION,ASSISTIVEANDHEALTHCARESYSTEMS,ANDELECTRONICHOMEAPPLIANCESHOWEVER,EXISTINGDESIGNSFOCUSONDEVELOPINGINTELLIGENTAPPLICATIONSLIMITEDTORELATIVELYSIMPLEREMOTEMONITORINGORPREPROGRAMMEDCONTROL1–4SOMEOFTHEEXISTINGCHALLENGESINCLUDETHELACKOFACOMPREHENSIVEINFRASTRUCTUREFORSMARTHOMESTOINTEGRATEOLDAPPLIANCESINTOANEWDESIGN,THELACKOFABILITYTOTHOROUGHLYPERCEIVEINTERNALANDEXTERNALSITUATIONSBYCOMBININGMULTIPLEINFORMATIONSTREAMSTHISPAPERPRESENTSASMARTHOMEDESIGNBASEDONINFORMATIONFUSIONTHEPROPOSEDDESIGNCONSISTSOFANINFORMATIONACQUISITIONMODULE,AFUSIONBASEDCONTROLLERWITHMULTIFUNCTIONALSERVICEINTERFACES,COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS,ANDSMARTHOMEAPPLIANCESTHEOBJECTIVEISTOSENSEANDGATHERINFORMATIONFROMMULTIPLESOURCESSENSORS,INTERNETETC,COMBINETHEINFORMATIONANDUSETHESAMETOINTELLIGENTLYCONTROLINTERNALANDEXTERNALENVIRONMENTSFIG1ILLUSTRATESTHEPROPOSEDSYSTEMARCHITECTURE,WHEREAPPLIANCESARECONTROLLEDTHROUGHWIREDPOWERLINEAND/ORWIRELESSLINKSINORDERTOREALIZETHEIDEAOFASMARTHOMESYSTEMLANZHANGANDHENRYLEUNGAREWITHTHEDEPARTMENTOFELECTRICALANDCOMPUTERENGINEERING,UNIVERSITYOFCALGARY,CALGARY,AB,CANADAEMAIL{ZLAN,LEUNGH}UCALGARYCAKEITHCCCHANISTHEHEADOFTHEDEPARTMENTOFCOMPUTING,HONGKONGPOLYTECHNICUNIVERSITY,KOWLOON,HONGKONGEMAILCSKCCHANINETPOLYUEDUHKFIG1SYSTEMARCHITECTUREOFSMARTHOMECONTROLSYSTEMTHECOREOFTHEPROPOSEDSMARTHOMESYSTEMISANINFORMATIONFUSIONBASEDCONTROLLERFUZZYLOGICFLISEMPLOYEDHERETOCOMBINETHEHETEROGENEOUSSOURCEOFINFORMATIONTOEXECUTEANINFERENCEMECHANISMINTERMSOFIFTHENRULES5HOWEVER,CERTAINCHARACTERISTICSOFFUZZYLOGIC,SUCHASTHEHEURISTICNATUREOFMEMBERSHIPFUNCTIONSANDTHEFUZZYRULESDEFINEDBYEXPERTEXPERIENCESLIMITTHESYSTEMPERFORMANCESINREALWORLDAPPLICATIONSTOHANDLETHISISSUE,AFUZZYNEURALNETWORKFNN6ISDEVELOPEDHEREASTHEFUSIONMODELWITHLEARNINGABILITYFORTHEPROPOSEDSMARTHOMECONTROLTHEPROPOSEDSYSTEMISAPPLIEDTOCONTROLANALARMCLOCKINORDERTOGENERATEASUITABLEALARMLEADTIMEITACQUIRESINFORMATIONFROMTHEINTERNETCONCERNINGTHEEXTERNALFACTORSSUCHASTHECURRENTWEATHERANDTRAFFICCONDITIONSFUSIONALGORITHMSBASEDONFLANDFNNAREUSEDTOCALCULATEANDTODETERMINEASUITABLEALARMTIMEACCORDINGTOTHEAVAILABLEEXTERNALINFORMATIONDIFFERENTSCENARIOSAREUSEDINOURSIMULATIONTOEVALUATETHESYSTEMPERFORMANCEINTHISCONTROLAPPLICATION,THEALARMLEADTIMEGENERATEDBYFNNISDERIVEDANDCOMPAREDTOTHATGENERATEDBYFLTHEACCURACY,RELIABILITYANDSTABILITYOFTHEFNNAREINDICATIVEOFTHEIMPROVEDPERFORMANCEWHENCOMPAREDTOTHEFLMODELCOMPLETEELECTRONICDESIGNOFTHEPROPOSEDSYSTEMHASBEENDEVELOPEDANDAHARDWAREIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHISSMARTALARMCLOCKISREPORTEDINTHISPAPERTHEPAPERISORGANIZEDASFOLLOWSSECTION2PRESENTSTHEDESIGNOFINFORMATIONFUSIONBASEDSMARTHOMECONTROLSYSTEMANDFUNCTIONALITIESOFTHEINDIVIDUALSYSTEMCOMPONENTSTHESMARTALARMCLOCKANDITSELECTRONICDESIGNAREPRESENTEDINSECTION3FOLLOWINGTHAT,ATHOROUGHCONTROLPERFORMANCEUNDERDIFFERENTSCENARIOSISGIVENINSECTION4CONCLUDINGREMARKSAREGIVENINSECTION5ALARMCLOCKTRAFFICINTERNETWEATHERLOCALPCWIRELESSCONNECTIONDATABASEPOWERLINECONNECTIONSPRINKLERPHYSICALSENSORSSOILMOISTURELZHANGETALINFORMATIONFUSIONBASEDSMARTHOMECONTROLSYSTEMANDITSAPPLICATION1159VARIABLESTOFUZZYSUBSETSFORCORRESPONDINGUNIVERSESOFDISCOURSEAFTERTRYINGVARIOUSTYPESOFMEMBERSHIPFUNCTIONSMF,PIECEWISELINEARFUNCTIONSAREADOPTEDTHEMEMBERSHIPGRADEISGIVENAS,221221AXXORXΜΑΑΑΑΑΑ????1THEFUZZYIFTHENRULESAREGIVENAS,11121111NNNNRULEIFXISAANDXISBTHENYISCRULEIFXISAANDXISBTHENYISCMMMWHERETHEZADEHMAMDANIFUZZYINFERENCEISEMPLOYEDFORINTELLIGENTDECISIONFUSIONMOREPRECISELY,THETNORMFUZZYOPERATORPERFORMSANDINSTRUCTIONANDISAPPLIEDTOTHECONJUNCTIONOFTHEINPUTVALUESWHENTHEANTECEDENTINACERTAINRULEHASMORETHANONEPARTTHETCONORMOPERATORISEMPLOYEDTOAGGREGATETHEOUTPUTSOFALLRULESDEFUZZIFICATIONISBASEDONTHECENTROIDMETHOD3FUZZYNEURALNETWORKMODULEFORTHESYSTEMTOHAVELEARNINGCAPABILITY,THEFUZZYNEURALNETWORKISCONSIDEREDHERETHEPROPOSEDFUZZYNEURALNETWORKISCONTRIVEDASAFIVELAYEREDNETWORKSTRUCTURETOIMPLEMENTTHEFUZZIFICATION,FUZZYINFERENCEANDDEFUZZIFICATIONPROCESSESTHECLASSICMULTILAYERPERCEPTRONSMLP,CHARACTERIZEDBYFUZZYINPUTSANDOUTPUTS,ANDCRISPWEIGHTS,ISUSEDASFORWARDPROPAGATIONNETWORKINANTECEDENTRULEANDCONSEQUENTLAYERSTODISCOVERTHEASSOCIATIONBETWEENTHEFUZZIFIEDINPUTANDOUTPUTPATTERNSOFTHESYSTEMLAYER1ISTHEINPUTLAYERTHECRISPINPUTVARIABLESAREPASSEDTHROUGHTHEFUZZIFICATIONLAYERLAYER2WHERETHECURRENTINPUTSARECONVERTEDINTOTHEMEMBERSHIPDEGREESWITHIJΜ,1,2,,,JQWHEREIJΜREFERSTOPREDEFINEDMEMBERSHIPFUNCTIONOFPQFUZZYSUBSETSMEMBERSHIPFUNCTIONIJΜTHATTRANSFERSTHEINPUTVARIABLEIXINTOFUZZIFIEDVALUESISGIVENAS,MINMINMINMAXMAXLJJJJJJHJWXXXWXXXXXWXXΜ??2WHERE,1,2,JXJQΜ,MAXMIN0,1,LHJJJWWWXX?LAYER3ISTHEFUZZYIFTHENRULELAYERANDEACHNEURONINLAYER3CANBEVIEWEDASAFUZZYRULE,WHICHDEFINEDTHEDEPENDENCESOFFUZZIFIEDINPUTANDOUTPUTOFSYSTEMTHEOUTPUTSOFTHELAYER2,ALLNODESOFTHELAYER3,ANDTHELAYER4CANBECONSIDEREDASASTANDARDMULTILAYERPERCEPTRONMLPNETWORKANDUSEDTOPERFORMTWOPHASEPROPAGATIONLEARNINGCYCLESTHEWEIGHTSOFCONNECTIONSBETWEENLAYER2ANDLAYER3ARETRAINEDUSINGABACKPROPAGATIONALGORITHMASIGMOIDFUNCTIONHΒISUSEDASTHENONLINEARTRANSFERFUNCTIONANDISGIVENAS,11HEΒΓΓ?3LAYER4ISACONSEQUENTLAYERANDITGENERATESTHEFUZZIFIEDOUTPUTTHISESTIMATEDOUTPUTISCOMPAREDTOTHEDESIREDOUTPUTANDTHEMEANDEVIATIONISINPUTTOTHEBACKPROPAGATIONALGORITHM,INORDERTOMODIFYTHEWEIGHTSINLAYER3UNTILCONVERGENCE,THEUNITIMPLEMENTSTHEFUZZYMAXOPERATORINORDERTOAGGREGATETHEOUTPUTSFROMFUZZYRULESWITHTHESAMECONSEQUENTTHEOUTPUTOFEACHNEURONCANBETHEREFOREBEGIVENAS,1NKTKTTVHWXΒ??????∑4THECOSTFUNCTIONPEOFBACKPROPAGATIONALGORITHMISDEFINEDAS212DDDKKETV?∑5WHEREDKTISTHETARGETOUTPUTANDDKVISTHEACTUALOUTPUTLAYER5ISTHEOUTPUTLAYERWHERETHEOUTPUTSAREDEFUZZIFIEDINTOTHEREALWORLDSCALEAWEIGHTEDSUMAPPROACHISADOPTEDFORDEFUZZIFICATIONANDISGIVENAS,_MAX_MIN1LOUTKKKKYRRV?????∑6WHEREOUTYISTHENUMERICALOUTPUTOFTHEPROPOSEDFNN,_MINKRAND_MAXKRARETHELOWERANDUPPERLIMITSFORKTHRANGE,KVISTHEFUZZIFIEDOUTPUTOFLAYER4CCOMMUNICATIONSHOMENETWORKSCONNECTAWIDERANGEOFELECTRONICDEVICESWITHINAHOUSEHOLDFORTHESAKEOFRESOURCESHARING,COMMUNICATION,ANDREMOTECONTROLINTHISSYSTEMDESIGN,WIRELESSBLUETOOTHANDWIREDNETWORKINGPOWERLINETECHNIQUESAREEMPLOYEDASTHECOMMUNICATIONSOLUTIONSBETWEENCENTRALCONTROLPCANDSMARTHOMEAPPLIANCES1BLUETOOTHCOMMUNICATIONTOENABLEWIRELESSCOMMUNICATION,THESMARTHOMECONTROLLERANDHOMEAPPLIANCESARECONNECTEDTHROUGHABLUETOOTHDEVICETWOBLUETOOTHCOMMUNICATIONDEVICES,BLUETOOTHENABLEDUSBDONGLEANDBLUETOOTHSERIALPORTADAPTERSPA,AREEMPLOYEDHERE13,14THEBLUETOOTHCONNECTIONINTERFACEISDEVELOPEDTOESTABLISHTHEBLUETOOTHCONNECTIONBETWEENBLUETOOTHSERIALPORTADAPTERANDUSBDONGLETHEBLUETOOTHSERIALPORTADAPTERACTSASAREMOTESLAVETHATPOWERSUPSEPARATELYANDISCONNECTEDTOTHEALARMCLOCKMODULETHEUSBDONGLEDETECTSANDCONFIGURESTHEPARAMETERSANDSETTINGSOFASERIALPORTADAPTERTHROUGHTHEBLUETOOTHCONNECTIONTHESERIALPORTADAPTERCANTHENRECEIVEDATAFROMTHEUSBDONGLE2X10POWERLINECOMMUNICATIONX10POWERLINECARRIERTECHNOLOGYISALSOEXPLOITEDTOTRANSMITANDRECEIVESIGNALSBETWEENTHESMARTHOMECONTROLLERANDAPPLIANCESITEMPLOYSSIGNALDELIVERINGATTHEZEROCROSSINGPOINTTOTRANSMITANDRECEIVEINFORMATION15TWOX10DEVICES,A2WAYCOMPUTERINTERFACEANDATRANSCEIVERMODULEAREUSEDFORTHECONNECTIONSIGNALTRANSMISSIONISIMPLEMENTEDONTRANSMISSIONENCODINGFORMATINTHEX10COMMUNICATIONPROTOCOL

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