簡介：AMULTIAGENTSYSTEMFOROPTIMIZINGURBANTRAFFICJOHNFRANCEANDALIAGHORBANIFACULTYOFCOMPUTERSCIENCEUNIVERSITYOFNEWBRUNSWICKFREDERICTON,NB,E3B5A3,CANADAABSTRACTFORTHEPURPOSESOFMANAGINGANURBANTRAFFICSYSTEM,AHIERARCHICALMULTIAGENTSYSTEMTHATCONSISTSOFSEVERALLOCALLYOPERATINGAGENTSEACHREPRESENTINGANINTERSECTIONOFATRAFFICSYSTEMISPROPOSEDLOCALTRAFFICAGENTSLTASARECONCERNEDWITHTHEOPTIMALPERFORMANCEOFTHEIRASSIGNEDINTERSECTIONHOWEVER,THERESULTINGTRAFFICLIGHTPATTERNSMAYRESULTINTHEFAILUREOFTHESYSTEMWHENEXAMINEDATAGLOBALLEVELTHEREFORE,SUPERVISIONISREQUIREDANDACHIEVEDWITHTHEUSEOFACOORDINATORTRAFFICAGENTCTAACTAPROVIDESAMEANSBYWHICHTHEOPTIMALLOCALLIGHTPATTERNCANBECOMPAREDAGAINSTTHEGLOBALCONCERNSTHEPATTERNCANTHENBESLIGHTLYMODIFIEDTOACCOMMODATETHEGLOBALENVIRONMENT,WHILEMAINTAININGTHELOCALCONCERNSOFTHEINTERSECTIONFUNCTIONALITYOFTHEPROPOSEDSYSTEMISEXAMINEDUSINGTWOTRAFFICSCENARIOSTRAFFICACCIDENTANDMORNINGRUSHHOURFORBOTHSCENARIOS,THEPROPOSEDMULTIAGENTSYSTEMEFFICIENTLYMANAGEDTHEGRADUALCONGESTIONOFTHETRAFFIC1INTRODUCTIONTHE20THCENTURYWITNESSEDTHEWORLDWIDEADOPTIONOFTHEAUTOMOBILEASAPRIMARYMODEOFTRANSPORTATIONCOUPLEDWITHANEXPANDINGPOPULATION,PRESENTDAYTRAFFICNETWORKSAREUNABLETOEFFICIENTLYHANDLETHEDAILYMOVEMENTSOFTRAFFICTHROUGHURBANAREASIMPROVEMENTSTOROADNETWORKSAREOFTENCONFINEDBYTHEBOUNDARIESOFEXISTINGSTRUCTURESTHEREFORE,THEPRIMARYFOCUSSHOULDBETOIMPROVETRAFFICFLOWWITHOUTCHANGINGTHELAYOUTORSTRUCTUREOFTHEEXISTINGROADWAYSANYSOLUTIONTOTRAFFICPROBLEMMUSTHANDLETHREEBASICCRITERIA,INCLUDINGDYNAMICALLYCHANGINGTRAFFICPATTERNS,OCCURRENCEOFUNPREDICTABLEEVENTS,ANDANONFINITEBASEDTRAFFICENVIRONMENT2MULTIAGENTSYSTEMSPROVIDEPOSSIBLESOLUTIONSTOTHISPROBLEM,WHILEMEETINGALLNECESSARYCRITERIAAGENTSAREEXPECTEDTOWORKWITHINAREALTIME,NONTERMINATINGENVIRONMENTASWELL,AGENTSCANHANDLEDYNAMICALLYOCCURRINGEVENTSANDMAYPOSSESSEVERALPROCESSESTORECOGNIZEANDHANDLEAVARIETYOFTRAFFICPATTERNS3,5ALTHOUGHSEVERALAPPROACHESTODEVELOPINGAMULTIAGENTTRAFFICSYSTEMHAVEBEENSTUDIED,EACHSTRESSESTHEIMPORTANCEOFFINDINGABALANCEBETWEENTHEDESIRESOFTHELOCALOPTIMUMAGAINSTAMAINTAINEDAVERAGEATTHEGLOBALLEVEL4UNFORTUNATELY,SYSTEMSDEVELOPEDTOONLYEXAMINEANDOPTIMIZELOCALEVENTSDONOTGUARANTEEAGLOBALBALANCE6HOWEVER,LOCALAGENTSAREFULLYCAPABLEOFDETERMININGTHEIROWNLOCALOPTIMUMTHEREFORE,AMOREPOWERFULAPPROACHINVOLVESTHECREATIONOFAHIERARCHICALSTRUCTUREINWHICHAHIGHERLEVELAGENTMONITORSTHELOCALAGENTS,ANDISABLETOMODIFYTHELOCALOPTIMUMTOBETTERSUITTHEGLOBALCONCERNS7THEREMAINDEROFTHISPAPERISORGANIZEDASFOLLOWSSECTION2EXAMINESTHEPROBLEMSOFURBANTRAFFICTHEDESIGNOFAHIERARCHICALMULTIAGENTMODELISGIVENINSECTION3THEEXPERIMENTALRESULTSAREPRESENTEDINSECTION4FINALLY,THECONCLUSIONSOFTHEPRESENTSTUDYARESUMMARIZEDINSECTION52URBANTRAFFICCONGESTIONTHESEAGENTSARETAILOREDTOMEETTHEREQUIREMENTSOFITSCORRESPONDINGINTERSECTIONFORTHEPURPOSESOFTHISPROJECT,THETRAFFICNETWORKCONSISTSOFSIXINTERSECTIONSEACHINTERSECTIONCONSISTSOFTWOROADSCROSSINGOVERONEANOTHEREACHAPPROACHINGROADPOSSESTWOLANES,ALEFTTURNINGLANE,ANDASTRAIGHT/RIGHTTURNINGLANETHEDECISIONMAKINGCAPABILITIESOFTHELTASISDEVELOPEDINTHESECONDPHASETHEFIRSTROUNDOFDECISIONSBYALTAARECONCERNEDWITHFINDINGTHELOCALOPTIMUM,WITHNOCONSIDERATIONFORNEIGHBORINGINTERSECTIONSABASICEXPERTSYSTEMDIVIDESTHESENSORINPUTSINTOACORRESPONDINGLIGHTPATTERNTHERESULTINGLIGHTPATTERNCONSISTSOFANEIGHTELEMENTARRAY,WHICHCANBEBROKENDOWNINTOTWOELEMENTSFOREACHOFTHENORTH,EAST,SOUTHANDWESTDIRECTIONSODDELEMENTSOFTHEARRAYZEROISTHEFIRSTINDEXSPECIFYTHEDURATIONOFTHEADVANCEDGREENSTATEFOREACHOFTHEAPPROPRIATEDIRECTIONS,WHILEEVENELEMENTSINDICATETHETIMEOFTHESTRAIGHT/RIGHTTURNINGLANESTHISLIGHTPATTERNISALWAYSINTHESAMEFORMAT,ANDONCECALCULATED,STOREDBYTHELTATHEVALUESCONTAINEDWITHINTHEARRAYCONSISTOFSTRINGS,INDICATINGTHEDURATIONOFTHETRAFFICLIGHTTHEVALUESOFTHESTRINGSAREASFOLLOWSREDREDLIGHT,LANESREMAININASTOPPEDSTATESHORTGREENLIGHT,MOSTFREQUENTLYOCCURRING,30SECONDSINDURATIONFORSTRAIGHTDIRECTIONS,15SECONDSFORLEFTTURNINGLANESMEDIUMGREENLIGHT,OFTENFORABOVEAVERAGETRAFFICDENSITIES,45SECONDSINDURATIONFORSTRAIGHTDIRECTIONS,25SECONDSFORLEFTTURNINGLANESSHORTGREENLIGHT,INDICATINGAHIGHTRAFFICDENSITY,60SECONDSINDURATIONFORSTRAIGHTDIRECTIONS,35SECONDSFORLEFTTURNINGLANESONCETHEOPTIMALLOCALTRAFFICLIGHTPATTERNISCALCULATED,THELTASENDSAMESSAGEEVENTTOTHECTATHETRAFFICLIGHTPATTERNISPASSEDTOTHECTA,ALLOWINGTHECTATOADJUSTTHELTA’SLIGHTPATTERNTOBETTERMEETANYGLOBALCONCERNSSTOREDWITHINTHECTAISAVECTOROFNEIGHBORSFOREACHLTAWITHINTHESYSTEMWHENACTARECEIVESAMESSAGEEVENTFROMALTA,THECTAGATHERSALLINFORMATIONRELATINGTOTHENEIGHBORSOFTHECURRENTLYHANDLEDLTAFROMTHEITATHECTAWILLUSETHISINFORMATIONWITHINITSOWNEXPERTSYSTEM,COMPARINGTHELOCALOPTIMUMLIGHTPATTERNAGAINSTTHECURRENTDENSITIESOFTHENEIGHBORINGINTERSECTIONSIFASIGNIFICANTDIFFERENCEISFOUNDBETWEENTHELOCALOPTIMUMANDTHEESSENCEOFTHEGLOBALOPTIMUM,THETRAFFICLIGHTPATTERNTOBEIMPLEMENTEDISALTEREDTOREDUCETHEDIFFERENCEBETWEENTHETWOOPTIMUMSTHENEWTRAFFICLIGHTPATTERNISRETURNEDTOTHELTAFORIMPLEMENTATIONWITHINTHETRAFFICLIGHT41EXPERIMENTSTHISSECTIONSPRESENTSSOMEOFTHEEXPERIMENTSCARRIEDOUTFORTWOFIXEDSTATESCENARIOSINEACHEXPERIMENT,ALISTOFVARIABLESISPROVIDEDTOINITIALIZETHE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簡介：英文原文PERFORMANCESTUDYBASEDONINNERFLOWFIELDNUMERICALSIMULATIONOFMAGNETICDRIVEPUMPSWITHDIFFERENTROTATESPEEDSABSTRACTMAGNETICDRIVEPUMPHASGOTTENGREATACHIEVEMENTANDHASBEENWIDELYUSEDINSOMESPECIALFIELDSCURRENTLY,THERESEARCHESONMAGNETICDRIVEPUMPHAVEFOCUSEDONHYDRAULICDESIGN,BEARING,AXIALFORCEINCHINA,ANDANEWMAGNETICDRIVEPUMPWITHLOWFLOWANDHIGHHEADHAVEBEENDEVELOPEDOVERSEASHOWEVER,LOWEFFICIENCYANDLARGESIZEARETHECOMMONDISADVANTAGESFORTHEMAGNETICDRIVEPUMPINORDERTOSTUDYTHEPERFORMANCEOFHIGHSPEEDMAGNETICDRIVEPUMP,FLUENTWASUSEDTOSIMULATETHEINNERFLOWFIELDOFMAGNETICDRIVEPUMPSWITHDIFFERENTROTATESPEEDS,ANDGETVELOCITYANDPRESSUREDISTRIBUTIONSOFINNERFLOWFIELDACCORDINGTOANALYSISTHECHANGESOFVELOCITYANDPRESSURETOENSURETHESTABLEOPERATIONOFPUMPANDAVOIDCAVITATIONBASEDONTHEANALYSISOFVELOCITYANDPRESSURE,THISPAPERPRESENTSTHEPUMPEFFICIENCYOFMAGNETICDRIVEPUMPSWITHDIFFERENTROTATEDSPEEDSBYCALCULATINGTHEPOWERLOSSINIMPELLERANDVOLUTE,HYDRAULICLOSS,VOLUMETRICLOSS,MECHANICALLOSSANDDISCUSSINGTHEDIFFERENTREASONSOFPOWERLOSSBETWEENTHEMAGNETICDRIVEPUMPSWITHDIFFERENTROTATEDSPEEDSINADDITION,THEMAGNETICDRIVEPUMPSWERETESTEDINACLOSEDTESTINGSYSTEMPRESSURESENSORSWERESETININLETANDOUTLETOFMAGNETICDRIVEPUMPSTOGETTHEPRESSUREANDTHEHEAD。THERESULTSOFSIMULATIONANDTESTWERESIMILAR,WHICHSHOWSTHATTHEMETHODOFSIMULATIONISFEASIBLETHEPROPOSEDRESEARCHPROVIDESTHEINSTRUCTIONTODESIGNHIGHSPEEDMAGNETICDRIVEPUMPKEYWORDSMAGNETICDRIVEPUMP,SIMULATION,POWERLOSS,PUMPEFFICIENCY1INTRODUCTIONMAGNETICDRIVEPUMPSARECURRENTLYUSEDINPETROLANDCHEMICALINDUSTRIESTOPUMPTOXIC,EXPLOSIVE,CORROSIVEANDEXPENSIVEFLUIDHIGHSPEEDMAGNETICDRIVEPUMPWILLHAVEANEXTENSIVEPROSPECTWITHTHEAPPLICATIONOFFREQUENCYCONVERSIONTHEDIFFERENTPOWERLOSSESTHENMAGNETICDRIVEPUMPSWITHDIFFERENTROTATEDSPEEDSARETESTED,ANDTHERESULTSSHOWTHEMETHODOFSIMULATIONISFEASIBLEANDPROVIDESINSTRUCTIONTODESIGNHIGHSPEEDMAGNETICDRIVEPUMP2PARAMETERSANDSTRUCTURETHEDESIGNPARAMETERSARELISTEDONTABLE1ANDTHESTRUCTUREISSHOWNINFIG13SIMULATIONOFINNERFLOWFIELD31CONTROLEQUATIONSTHEFLUIDINMAGNETICDRIVEPUMPISGOVERNEDBYPHYSICALCONSERVATIONLAWSITMUSTMEETMASSCONSERVATION,MOMENTUMCONVERSATIONANDENERGYCONSERVATIONTHEFLOWINPUMPISSUPPOSEDTOBE3D,STEADYANDINCOMPRESSIBLESOCONTINUITYEQUATION

簡介：中文中文7500字出處出處ORTIZFJG,NAVARRETEB,CA?ADASLASSESSMENTOFPLATE–WIREELECTROSTATICPRECIPITATORSBASEDONDIMENSIONALANDSIMILARITYANALYSESJFUEL,2011,90928272835基于鍍線電除塵器量綱和相似度分析的評估基于鍍線電除塵器量綱和相似度分析的評估FJGUTIERREZORTIZ?,BNAVARRETE,LCANADAS摘要摘要本文主要是對ESP模型建筑進(jìn)行多維分析,得到更有效的建模結(jié)果。在過去幾十年，對靜電除塵器ESP廣泛應(yīng)用于各行業(yè)進(jìn)行了許多研究。然而,分析仍然是一個懸而未決的問題,盡管減少了ESP性能所需的參數(shù)數(shù)量定義,并提供了一個可靠的擴(kuò)大所需的操作條件。全面的半工業(yè)規(guī)模的不變性基于PISPACE以及一個覆蓋范圍內(nèi)的量綱,并選擇了更加靈活的參數(shù)。這種相似性的分析提出了新的工作,為了獲得目標(biāo)數(shù)之間的函數(shù)依賴和一組量綱。在ESP的出口選擇顆粒粉塵濃度的比值。因此,做這些分析后,制定了相當(dāng)簡化的模型。理論上,后來測試和驗(yàn)證與實(shí)驗(yàn)獲得的數(shù)據(jù)顯示應(yīng)用程序的研究。通過這種方式,從一個工廠獲得非線性回歸模型匹配實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)。11簡介簡介電除塵器的ESPS主要用于燃燒褐煤或者煙煤的工業(yè)鍋爐的粉煤灰排放量減少【1】，鍍線電除塵器廣泛應(yīng)用于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，在鍍線除塵器使用高電壓充電的過程中會有很多微粒出現(xiàn)，它的固體污染物運(yùn)動規(guī)律潛在的基本原理就是通過電暈離子去撞擊懸浮微粒，然后這些懸浮微粒在電場的作用下向收集板運(yùn)動。實(shí)際的電除塵所配置的電場是由高電壓產(chǎn)生，這些高電壓是由一排集中放置在兩個平行接地收集板兩側(cè)的發(fā)射導(dǎo)線產(chǎn)生。這些導(dǎo)線的橫截面可能是圓形的或者方形的，也可能是更加復(fù)雜的形狀，這樣做可以有效增強(qiáng)電場，并且可以是電暈放電更高效。多年來，DEUTSCHANDERSON方程已經(jīng)用于增大電場強(qiáng)度。這個理論運(yùn)動速度W可以通過平衡加載在微粒兩側(cè)的電場強(qiáng)度計算獲得，這個電場可以抵消流體阻力（斯托克斯定律）。很多學(xué)者都沒有運(yùn)用W的理論值在DEUTSCHANDERSON方程理論和實(shí)際實(shí)驗(yàn)中找到最佳值。所以一個“實(shí)際的有效的”運(yùn)動速度就被運(yùn)用于卷吸，擴(kuò)散等實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中，這個“實(shí)際的有效的”的運(yùn)動速度并沒有在DEUTSCHANDERSON方程中得到論證。這個實(shí)際的運(yùn)動速度只是一個隨便的顆粒大小，它僅僅只是一個尺度參數(shù)。最近20年來，研究者們建立了很多數(shù)學(xué)模型，他們想通過預(yù)測三個相互作用的場（也即是電場，氣流速度場和微粒運(yùn)動場【2】）來評估電除塵器的微粒運(yùn)動效率。很多研究已經(jīng)通過解決時間平均NAVIER–STOKES方程式實(shí)現(xiàn)了EHD流場（即電場，氣流速度場和微粒速度場這三場）的計算，該模型是通過建立一個湍封閉模型【3,4】，然后頻繁的用CFD編碼來得出計算結(jié)果。新的模型系統(tǒng)研究克服了此前電除塵器模型中出現(xiàn)的簡化缺點(diǎn)。CFD在這樣的調(diào)查研究中很快就成為了工程應(yīng)用中一種強(qiáng)大且?guī)缀跏潜貍涞墓ぞ摺Ｓ捎谔幱谕牧髂Ｐ徒趨^(qū)和剪切層中的參數(shù)過多，計算網(wǎng)格十分精密，從而提高了計算機(jī)的運(yùn)行時間，這些因素使CFD的分析結(jié)果有很大波動，因此，我們必須加以解決。其他可以評估電除塵器性能的方法就是空間分析和物理相似度處理，所參量是基礎(chǔ)尺寸中線性無關(guān)的，所以，他們可以作為建立電除塵器性能模型的無量綱數(shù)據(jù)。從Π理論和空間均勻性的原則我們可以知道，每一個無因次群是建立在一個相互獨(dú)立的物理量基礎(chǔ)之上，這些相互獨(dú)立的物理量是由相互依賴的物理量變量通過恰當(dāng)?shù)慕M合而來。再者，所有的空間變量都與表15中的電除塵器性能有關(guān)聯(lián)，表15中電除塵器性能是用國際單位表示，他們被設(shè)置成同類組，而且無因次群是起因于每一個與基準(zhǔn)標(biāo)注相關(guān)的變量和參數(shù)的組合。圖1和表1證明了電除塵器組合中其組合系統(tǒng)的主要幾何變量。電除塵器的電器零件的主要控制方程是泊松方程的電勢和電流連續(xù)性方程【7】。表2顯示了電除塵器的主要電氣變量，表3證明了與氣體特征相關(guān)的最主要變量。由于電除塵器中的低平均流速和近似恒溫，所以氣體密度不變，部分效應(yīng)可以忽略，比如重力場和磁場，因?yàn)樗鼈冊陔姵龎m器中是影響非常弱，通過對流作用的離子傳輸與通過電場作用的離子漂移相比，其作用可以忽略不計【4】。表4描述了粒子特征的主要變量。湍流混合系數(shù)描述了湍流的能量和動量傳輸。通過一個無限湍流混合系數(shù)的上限（DEUTSCH模型），我們可以推導(dǎo)出遷移速度。表1電除塵器的主要幾何變量空間變量符號說明單位無量綱變量H電場高度MH/DD電極間距離MD/DR放電極電極半徑MR/DL沉淀區(qū)域總長度ML/D表2電除塵器主要電氣變量空間變量符號說明單位無量綱變量RGΕ氣體相對介電常數(shù)（電容率）無量綱RGΕ0GΕΕRPΕ顆粒相對介電常數(shù)（電容率）無量綱RPΕB離子遷移率SVM2GQBUD1K氣體電擊穿常數(shù)（電極間的距離）MVUDK1注這里的介電常數(shù)是介質(zhì)的真空介電常數(shù)，這里的介質(zhì)電容?RIΕIK0ΕΕI

簡介：翻譯部分20093RDINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONPOWERELECTRONICSSYSTEMSANDAPPLICATIONSPLCANDCONFIGURATIONSOFTWAREBASEDSUPERVISORYANDCONTROLSYSTEMFOROILTANKSAREAXICHEN1YANBOCHE1KWECHENG21SCHOOLOFELECTRICALENGINEERINGAUTOMATION,TIANJINUNIVERSITY,TIANJINCHINAEMAILYBCHETJUEDUCN2DEPARTMENTOFELECTRICALENGINEERING,THEHONGKONGPOLYTECHNICUNIVERSITY,HONGKONG,EMAILEEECHENGPOLYUEDUHKABSTRACTASUPERVISORYANDCONTROLSYSTEMFOROILTANKSAREABASEDONPLCS7300ANDCONFIGURATIONSOFTWAREFORCECONTROLISINTRODUCEDINTHISPAPERTHEHARDWARESTRUCTUREOFTHESYSTEMANDTHESOFTWAREDESIGNAREBOTHDESCRIBEDINDETAILINTHISSYSTEM,SUPERIORCOMPUTERSCOMMUNICATEWITHPLCTHROUGHINDUSTRIALETHERNETTHESUPERIORCOMPUTERSSYSTEMADOPTSDUPLEXREDUNDANCYANDTHEPLCADOPTSSOFTWAREREDUNDANCYTHISMONITORINGSYSTEMINTEGRATESTHEMERITOFPLCANDCOMPUTERANDIMPROVESTHERELIABILITYKEYWORDSPLC,CONFIGURATIONSOFTWARE,SUPERVISORYANDCONTROLSYSTEM,SOFTWAREREDUNDANCYIINTRODUCTIONWITHTHEINCREASINGCOMPETITIONOFTHEOILMARKETOILDEPOTSAREPLAYINGAMOREANDMOREIMPORTANTROLE,ANDITHASBECOMEALONGTERMIMPORTANTJOBTOSUPERVISEANDCONTROLTHEOPERATIONSTATEOFOILDEPOTSTHISPAPERDESIGNSASUPERVISORYANDCONTROLSYSTEMFORAOILDEPOTINSHANDONGPROVINCETHISOILDEPOTCOLLECTEDTANKINFORMATIONANDCONTROLLEDVALVESMANUALLYBEFORETHEREWERESOMESHORTCOMINGSINITSUCHASSLOWSUPERVISORY,GREATERRORANDLOWRELIABILITYSOITISNECESSARYTOESTABLISHABETTERSUPERVISORYANDCONTROLSYSTEMTHATISTIMELY,ACCURATEANDRELIABLEPROGRAMMABLELOGICCONTROLLERSPLCHAVEBEENWIDELYUSEDINTHEINDUSTRIALCONTROLFIELDSBECAUSEOFITSMERITSSUCHASSIMPLESTRUCTURE,FLEXIBLEFUNCTIONS,HIGHRELIABILITYANDSTRONGABILITYINCOMMUNICATIONCOMPUTERSHAVEADVANTAGESINTHEDATADISPLAYANDSTORAGE,ASWELLASINHUMANCOMPUTERCOMMUNICATIONSTHISPAPERDESIGNSASUPERVISORYANDCONTROLSYSTEMFOROILTANKSAREABASEDONPLCANDCOMPUTERPLCISTHECONTROLCENTREANDITCOMPLETESALLTHEDETAILSOFTHECONTROLTASKITCONNECTSWITHDIGITALANDANALOGSIGNALSOFFIELDDEVICESTHROUGHGENERALI/OINTERFACES,COLLECTSANDPROCESSFIELDDATAACCURATELYANDQUICKLY,ANDCOMPLETESTHELOGIC,TIMING,COUNTINGANDMATHEMATICALOPERATIONSEASILYCOMPUTERSPROVIDEHUMANMACHINEINTERFACE,DISPLAYTHEFEILDWORKINGSTASTEDYNAMICLY,ANDMAKESTHEOPERATIONEASYTHESYSTEMCOMBINESTHEADVANTAGESOFPLCANDCOMPUTER,PROVIDESAREMOTEREALTIMEMONITORINGFORTHETANKSAREA,ENSURESAFETYANDRELIABILITYANDIMPROVESTHEWORKEFFICIENCYCONSIDERINGOILDEPOT’SHIGHREQUIREMENTSONRELIABILITYANDCONTINUITY,REDUNDANCYSCHEMEISDESIGNEDTOIMPROVETHERELIABILITYFURTHERIIHARDWAREOFTHESYSTEMATHEOVERALLSTRUCTUREANDFUNCTIONS中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)2012屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計第3頁BETWEENTHETWOCPUSFIG2HARDWARESTRUCTUREOFPLCCPU3152DPPROVIDESDPMASTERINTERFACEANDIM1532OFET200MPROVIDESTWODPSLAVEINTERFACES,ONEISCONNECTEDTOTHEMASTERSTATIONANDTHEOTHERTOTHERESERVESTATIONTHROUGHPROFIBUSDPNETWORKSPROFIBUSDPCOULDBESHIELDEDTWISTEDPAIRRS485NETWORKPHYSICALLYNORMALET200MCONSISTOFARAIL,AINTERFACEMODULEANDSOMEGENERALMODULESTHEMODULESEXCEPTPOWERSUPPLYARECONNECTEDTHROUGHBUSCONNECTORSTHISSTRUCTUREDOESN’TSUPPORTREDUNDANTCYFUNCTIONSTHEREISANOTHERCONFIGURATIONTHATISSUITABLEFORREDUNDANTCYITUSESASPECIALRAILTHATCANTAKEACTIVEBUSMODULESANDTWOINTERFACEMODULESTHEMODULESEXCEPTPOWERSUPPLYAREMOUNTEDONTHEACTIVEBUSMODULESANDITISPOSSIBLETOCHANGEMODULESDURINGRUNNINGCCONNECTIONSOFTHEELECTRICALLYOPERATEDVALVEHENCHUNCKDSERIESELECTRICOPERATORSAREUSEDANDFIG3SHOWSITSCONNECTIONMETHODTHEFEEDBACKOFELECTRICALLYOPERATEDVALVEINCLUDESFOURDIGITALSIGNALSANDONEANALOGSIGNALDIGITALSIGNALSAREREMOTEMODEINDICATINGCONTACT,FULLOPENINDICATINGCONTACT,FULLOFFINDICATINGCONTACTANDCOMMONALARMCONTACTTHEANALOGFEEDBACK,A420MACURRENT,SHOWSTHEVALVE’SOPENINGVALUEWHENTHEVALVEISINTHEREMOTECONTROLMODE,DIGITALOUTPUTSOFPLCDRIVETHERELAYSANDTHENCONTROLTHEVALVESFOUROUTPUTCONTROLSIGNALSINCLUDEOPENVALVESIGNAL,CLOSEVALVESIGNAL,STOPSIGNALANDEMERGENCYPROTECTIONSIGNALESDFIG3VALVECONNECTIONDIAGRAMIIISOFTWAREOSTHESYSTEMSOFTWAREINTHESYSTEMINCLUDESTWOMAJORPARTS,PLCPROGRAMMINGSOFTWARESTEP7V54ANDSUPERIORCOMPUTERCONFIGURATIONSOFTWAREFORCECONTROLV60ACOMMUNICATIONBETWEENSUPERIORCOMPUTERANDPLCFORCECONTROLDEVELOPSASPECIALDRIVERFORTHES7300PLC,20093RDINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONPOWERELECTRONICSSYSTEMSANDAPPLICATIONSDIGITALREFERENCEK210509077THEREFOREITISNOTNECESSARYFORTHEUSERSTOBEFAMILIARWITHTHECOMMUNICATIONPROTOCOLBETWEENTHEM,ANDNEITHERNECESSARYTOPROGRAMORCONFIGURENETWORKINTHEPLC,THECOMMUNICATIONBETWEENPCANDPLCCANBEACHIEVEDEASILYTHEMAINPROBLEMINTHISSYSTEMISTHATDUETOPLCSSOFTREDUNDANTSTRUCTURE,WHENTHECONTROLTASKSWITCHESTORESEREVECPUFROMTHEMASTERONE,FORCECONTROLSHOULDSWITCHTOTHECORRECTCOMMUNICATIONOBJECTTOEXCHANGEDATASFORTHISPURPOSE,WHENDEVICEPLCISCREATEDINFORCECONTROL,ITSHOULDBECONFIGUREDPROPERLYANDADATAPOINTSHOULDBEDEFINEDINTHEREALTIMEDATABASEASAREDUNDANCYSWITCHINGFLAGFIRSTCONFIGUREI/ODEVICEFORFORCECONTROL,CREATEPLCWHOSEEQUIPMENTADDRESSISSETTO2,IFSETTO1,FORCECONTROLWILLNOTBEABLETOCONNECTTOTHEPLCTHESTANDBYCHANNELISENABLEDANDTHEDEVICEIPADDRESSANDSTANDBYIPADDRESSSHOULDCORRESPONDWITHPLC’STWOETHERNETCOMMUNICATIONMODULESCP3431AFTERI/ODEVICEPLCISCREATED,DEFINEADATAPOINTINREALTIMEDATABASEWHOSEDATATYPEISSELECTEDAS“REDUNDANCYSWITCHINGFLAG“THEFLAG’S

簡介：中文中文3900字文獻(xiàn)出處文獻(xiàn)出處FERGUSONSVECTORSIGNALANALYSISOFDIGITALBASEBANDANDIFSIGNALSWITHINANFPGAJ2005402407基于基于FPGAFPGA的數(shù)字基帶信號的矢量信號分析的數(shù)字基帶信號的矢量信號分析斯科特弗格森安捷倫科技公司1900年“眾神花園”采訪科羅拉多斯普林斯市SFERGUSONAGILENTCOM文摘文摘本文介紹了新技術(shù),分析現(xiàn)場可編程門陣列FPGA的數(shù)字信號和調(diào)制質(zhì)量。這種融合了邏輯分析與那些矢量信號分析的創(chuàng)新，可以提供設(shè)計者以數(shù)字基帶和信號處理系統(tǒng)，就如同模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換和數(shù)字模擬轉(zhuǎn)換器有能力作出他們以前無法或難以做出的關(guān)鍵測量。因而FPGA將繼續(xù)投入更多資金于無線、衛(wèi)星通信的DSP領(lǐng)域，隨著數(shù)字基帶和IF信號日益上升的主導(dǎo)地位，他們代表了挑戰(zhàn)無線電和衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計。DSP電路設(shè)計者們不斷地做出折衷復(fù)雜性設(shè)計位精度、數(shù)量的過濾器水龍頭等、能耗、和信號質(zhì)量。關(guān)鍵測量誤差同矢量大小一樣作為衡量性能的影響。此前,矢量信號分析測量迄今一直直接集成到射頻測試儀器,或者編寫為自定義軟件基帶設(shè)計。隨著整個區(qū)域無線電的數(shù)字化和集成于一個芯片上，我們需要的新方法是在數(shù)字無線電中描述某個子系統(tǒng)。本文介紹了一個FPGA動態(tài)探針和FFTBASED矢量信號分析軟件包的組合,前者使得路由的信號組中的一個在FPGA邏輯分析儀，并通過一個小物理數(shù)量包測量。這種組合提供了對FPGA數(shù)字信號同時測量時間域,頻譜,和調(diào)制質(zhì)量的方法。它還提供了FPGA的無重新設(shè)計耗時的各種內(nèi)部網(wǎng)絡(luò)信號分析的快速選擇。介紹介紹現(xiàn)場可編程門陣列FPGA廣泛應(yīng)用于在無線、航空航天、國防應(yīng)用的數(shù)字信號處理DSP領(lǐng)域。他們的可編程性使設(shè)計者能夠建立早期的原型系統(tǒng),同時規(guī)范仍然在不斷變化的系統(tǒng),以及利用單一的硬件設(shè)計支持多種通信技術(shù)。他們的日益增長的表現(xiàn)使數(shù)字化進(jìn)程可以提高越來越寬的帶寬,提高信號的質(zhì)模擬與真實(shí)世界模擬與真實(shí)世界DSP電路的分析可以進(jìn)行仿真。然而隨著FPGA技術(shù)的生產(chǎn)力的提升,它通?？梢愿焖俸透菀椎貥?gòu)建一個原型設(shè)計，和調(diào)試它的硬件。因?yàn)樵O(shè)計變動不再需要大量的費(fèi)用和時間與ASICS一樣,FPGA設(shè)計工作就像軟件設(shè)計，在設(shè)計周期中編譯和調(diào)試更早,在仿真上花費(fèi)時間更少。在仿真環(huán)境和真實(shí)的硬件設(shè)計中，分析電路的行為也減少了錯誤的風(fēng)險和不正確的假設(shè)。訪問內(nèi)部的訪問內(nèi)部的FPGAFPGA信號信號設(shè)計的例子中,有3個有趣的觀點(diǎn)來驗(yàn)證未過濾的符號,從RRC過濾后的IQ流和標(biāo)量IF信號。未過濾的符號有8位精度,而所有RRC過濾器過濾后的信號有24位。在每一個點(diǎn)執(zhí)行信號分析,獲得88個必需的的內(nèi)部信號。一個邏

簡介：單位代碼01學(xué)號090111044分類號O24密級文獻(xiàn)翻譯基于獨(dú)立學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計存在的問題及對策分析院（系）名稱信息工程學(xué)院專業(yè)名稱信息與計算科學(xué)學(xué)生姓名簡彥林指導(dǎo)教師唐風(fēng)軍2013年3月1日黃河科技學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文文獻(xiàn)翻譯第2頁2獨(dú)立院校本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）所存在的問題目前，大多數(shù)獨(dú)立院校已經(jīng)致力于增強(qiáng)本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）中的教學(xué)和指導(dǎo)環(huán)節(jié)，并且在畢業(yè)環(huán)節(jié)中建立了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的管理系統(tǒng)，這些努力已經(jīng)獲得了一定的成果然而，我們也應(yīng)該看到，獨(dú)立學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）的整體水平還不是很高，并且仍然存在問題主要存在的問題如下所示21缺乏系統(tǒng)管理以及執(zhí)行不力很多獨(dú)立院校對本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計建立了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的管理系統(tǒng)但是，在不少獨(dú)立院校中，畢業(yè)設(shè)計的實(shí)施細(xì)則、質(zhì)量控制和安全系統(tǒng)都遠(yuǎn)非完美尤其，對于畢業(yè)環(huán)節(jié)的管理過程，一些獨(dú)立院校缺乏一個有效的途徑，這就導(dǎo)致很多學(xué)生對于本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）漠不關(guān)心，而導(dǎo)師指導(dǎo)成為一個純粹的形式此外，一些獨(dú)立院校不能對畢3業(yè)設(shè)計質(zhì)量進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格把關(guān)而且，由于受到學(xué)生就業(yè)的影響，甚至出現(xiàn)這樣一種現(xiàn)象很多獨(dú)立院校不惜“犧牲”本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）的質(zhì)量來完成學(xué)生就業(yè)率22關(guān)于導(dǎo)師指導(dǎo)的問題有的指導(dǎo)導(dǎo)師缺乏一種責(zé)任感，而且沒有對本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）的完成加以同步規(guī)范，導(dǎo)致一些本科生的畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）未能達(dá)到教學(xué)要求有的指導(dǎo)老師對學(xué)生做出讓步而不對他們嚴(yán)格要求而有的指導(dǎo)老師沒有指出和糾正他們的學(xué)生的畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）中的一些明顯錯誤，這就導(dǎo)致論文缺乏格式標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，尤其是不完全和不標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的引文和參考文獻(xiàn)423內(nèi)在質(zhì)量問題231主題論文主題的某一部分脫離了實(shí)踐，或者背離了他們本身所學(xué)專業(yè)的培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)232文獻(xiàn)綜述許多學(xué)生不懂如何寫文獻(xiàn)綜述，并且在相關(guān)領(lǐng)域?qū)ΜF(xiàn)況研究和發(fā)展趨勢缺乏一個全面的認(rèn)識，大多數(shù)文獻(xiàn)甚至寫與本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計本身有關(guān)的內(nèi)容233外文翻譯一些學(xué)生的翻譯材料沒能達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，且翻譯質(zhì)量很低此外，許多國外翻譯材料的內(nèi)容與本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）的主題幾乎沒有聯(lián)系

簡介：摘要1中文中文4890字出處出處ARAKIK,HALLORANJWROOMTEMPERATUREFREEZECASTINGFORCERAMICSWITHNONAQUEOUSSUBLIMABLEVEHICLESINTHENAPHTHALENECAMPHOREUTECTICSYSTEMJJOURNALOFTHEAMERICANCERAMICSOCIETY,2004,871120142019在萘樟腦非水可升華的溶劑共晶體系下進(jìn)行室溫冷凍干燥來制備陶瓷摘要在室溫下采用冷凍干燥法制備，使用的是非水可升華的溶劑，32OAL是在共晶溫度為31℃的萘樟腦共晶體系下完成的。當(dāng)溶劑在共晶成份時，可以獲得一個完全致密的燒結(jié)坯體（其理論密度大于995），當(dāng)溶劑沒有在共晶成份（即亞共晶或過共晶）時，由于形成了較大獨(dú)特形狀的空隙，因而獲得的燒結(jié)坯體密度最多為90。通過觀察顯微結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)在凝固過程中形成的初晶抑制了懸浮的顆粒，從而導(dǎo)致形成較大的空32OAL隙。共晶成份的溶劑凝固時形成了細(xì)片層組織，其抑制了懸浮顆粒32OAL間的排斥，從而避免形成大的空隙。第一章前言冷凍鑄造法起源于冷凍干燥技術(shù)，現(xiàn)已應(yīng)用于復(fù)雜形狀陶瓷的成型方面，這種方法類似于傳統(tǒng)的注漿成型、注射成型、凝膠注模成型等膠體加工技術(shù)。下面將回顧一下這些膠態(tài)陶瓷加工技術(shù)的細(xì)節(jié)。陶瓷漿料通常是水溶液，有時也含有二氧化硅溶膠，將漿料放在模具中處于極低溫（例如低于零下40攝氏度）下，然后進(jìn)行脫模和通過升華去除溶劑，即冷凍干燥，最終獲得生坯體，這種成型技術(shù)就是冷凍鑄造法。該技術(shù)具有制造周期短、無干燥裂紋、無麻煩的粘結(jié)劑燒盡過程等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。實(shí)際上，該技術(shù)的關(guān)鍵之處是獲得一個極低溫的環(huán)境，如低于零下40攝氏度。為了消除在極低溫進(jìn)行昂貴的冷凍過程和在零下攝氏度進(jìn)行麻煩的冷3所以這種技術(shù)是環(huán)境友好型的，不同于其他一些使用有毒材料作為溶劑的室溫冷凍鑄造技術(shù)。在眾多材料中，萘（）和樟腦（）對810HCOHC1610于室溫冷凍鑄造法來說是很有前景的候選溶劑物，即使其有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)毒性，但有以下優(yōu)勢（1）像水一樣的低粘度，可以制成濃縮漿；（2）和水不一樣的是在凝固過程中有負(fù)的體積變化（收縮），有利于得到高的生坯密度；（3）在固態(tài)時具有高的蒸汽壓以便于進(jìn)行冷凍干燥過程。萘、樟腦和水的性能總結(jié)見下表1。實(shí)際上，最好的凝固溫度范圍是3060℃，而萘和樟腦的凝固溫度對于室溫冷凍鑄造法來說都太高了，特別是樟腦，它的凝固溫度為180℃。表1萘、樟腦和水的部分物理性能表化學(xué)式凝固溫度（℃）凝固過程體積變化液體粘度（MPAS）固態(tài)時的蒸汽壓固態(tài)時的蒸汽壓（PA）萘樟腦樟腦水810HCOHC1610OH2801800負(fù)的負(fù)的正的091（80℃）063（180℃）10（20℃）??C??5210312??C??4110312??C??2010312萘和樟腦都是分子化合物，萘樟腦二元體系是已知的共晶溫度為3132℃的共晶體系。萘樟腦體系的相圖由ROBINSON等人繪制而成，見下圖1。由于萘樟腦合金的共晶溫度方便易得，所以冶金學(xué)家將其作為一個凝固模型進(jìn)行研究。這種共晶合金適合作為室溫冷凍鑄造法的媒介物，其依據(jù)是它不僅具有3132℃的方便易得的凝固溫度，而且有粘度低，在凝固過程中收縮，高的蒸汽壓等優(yōu)勢，而得到這些特性的前提，要求材料是純的萘和純的樟腦。在這篇文章中，我們將對使用共晶溶劑進(jìn)行室溫冷凍鑄造來制造陶瓷的試驗(yàn)作出報告。該試驗(yàn)選擇具有可控的凝固溫度的萘樟腦二元共晶體系作為溶劑。我們同樣探討了溶劑成分（即共晶或是非共晶）在顯微組織上對最終燒結(jié)體的影響。

簡介：附錄BASEDONB/SETASONLINETESTSYSTEMDELIBERATINGBASEDONB/SETASONLINETESTSYSTEMDELIBERATINGALONGWITHTHECOMPUTERANDITSTHENETWORKTECHNOLOGYRAPIDDEVELOPMENTANDTHESOCIALINFORMATIONLEVELUNCEASINGENHANCEMENT,THECOMPUTERSURVEYEDANDAPPRAISESTHEPROCESSALSOTOOBTAINTHEWIDESPREADAPPLICATIONINTHEEDUCATIONTHECOMPUTERASSISTANCEAPPRAISALINTHEEDUCATION,THETEACHINGANDINTHESTUDYAPPRAISALPROCESSAPPLICATION,HASINITIATEDTHEAPPRAISALCONTENT,THEMETHODANDTHEFORMPROFOUNDTRANSFORMATIONTHEDEVELOPMENT,THEAPPLICATIONCANGATHERTHEEDUCATIONTOEVALUATEAFTERTESTINGTHETHEORY,THEMETHODANDTHEMODERNINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYMETHODONLINEEVALUATESAFTERTESTINGTHESYSTEM,PROVIDESFORTHESTUDENTINDIVIDUALITYSTUDY“NIMBLE,CONVENIENT,SCIENTIFIC,ISFAIR““INDIVIDUALLYMELTSTHESTUDYTOEVALUATEAFTERTESTINGTHESERVICE“,HASBECOMETHEEDUCATIONFRONTSPECIALLYISAIMPORTANTTASKWHICHTHEGENERALDISTANCELEARNINGSWORKERFACESHASDEVELOPEDDISTANCELEARNING20FORMANYYEARS,HASOBTAINEDTHERICHEXPERIENCEINTHEDISTANCELEARNINGASPECT,RECEIVESTHEMINISTRYOFEDUCATIONANDTHEEDUCATIONPROFESSIONHIGHLYTAKESSINCEIN1999,THEDEVELOPMENT“THETALENTEDPERSONRAISEPATTERNREFORMANDTHEOPENINGHAVEEDUCATEDTHEEXPERIMENTSITE“THEPROJECT,ONTHEONEHANDPOSITIVELYEXPLORESTEACHINGASPECTTHEANDSOONMANAGEMENTPATTERN,TEACHINGMETHOD,TEACHINGMETHODREFORM,SIMULTANEOUSLYALSOPOSITIVELYISDEVELOPINGTHECURRICULUMTOEVALUATEAFTERTESTINGTHEWAYTHEREFORM,ADAPTSTHEDISTANCELEARNINGDEVELOPMENTASWELLASTHETALENTEDPERSONRAISEPATTERNREFORMANDTHEOPENINGEDUCATESTHEEXPERIMENTSITETHENEEDTHEREFORE,HASDEVELOPED“THEONLINETESTSYSTEM“THEETASONLINETESTSYSTEMHASFULLYMANIFESTEDTHEOPENDESIGNTHOUGHTTHESYSTEMNOTONLYCANLOADBEARINGEACHKINDOFCURRICULUMORHASCUSTOMMADEINSPECTIONCONTENT,LIKEEACHKINDOFNONSCHOOLRECORDEDUCATIONTRAININGTHETHESHORTCOMING,SUPPORTEDTHEMANYKINDSOFTESTQUESTIONSTYPE,THEOBJECTIVETESTQUESTIONINCLUDINGTHELISTSELECTEDTOPIC,THEMULTISELECTEDTOPICS,THECHOICEFILLEDUPTHETOPIC,THEJUDGEMENTTOPIC,FILLSUPTHETOPIC,THESUBJECTIVETESTQUESTIONINCLUDEDTHELARGESCALEIDEAMATHEMATICSPROBLEM,THEMEDIUMIDEAMATHEMATICSPROBLEM,THESMALLIDEAMATHEMATICSPROBLEM,THEELABORATIONTOPIC,JANANSWER,THECASEANALYSISTOPIC,THESOLIDSERVICETOPIC,THESYNTHESISSYNTHESISMOREOVER,BUTALSOMAYHANGMEETSLIKETHEITKINDOFCURRICULUMSIMULATIONEXPERIMENT,GREATLYSTRENGTHENEDTHESYSTEMEXTENSIONANDTHEUSABILITYTHESYSTEMUSETESTQUESTIONATTRIBUTEEXPRESSEDBETWEENTHETESTQUESTIONRELATIONS,THETESTQUESTIONATTRIBUTEHASTHEINCOMPATIBLETOPIC,CONTAINSTHETOPIC,THESMOOTHTOPICANDSOON,SCIENTIFICALLYCAUSESTHEGROUPVOLUMETOBEEFFECTIVETHESYSTEMUSEKNOWLEDGESPOT,THEDIFFICULTY,THEDISCRIMINATION,THEEXPOSURETIMEMANYKINDSOFPARAMETERSCONTROLTESTQUESTION,CARRIESONTHESCIENCETHEGROUPVOLUME,ALSOGUARANTEESTHETESTFAIRNESS,ALSOEFFECTIVELYPREVENTEDTHESTUDENTCHEATSTHEBEHAVIOROCCURRENCETHESYSTEMGRADES,THEOBJECTIVETESTQUESTIONAUTOMATICALLYCOMMENTSREADS,THESUBJECTIVETESTQUESTIONTRANSMISSIONCOMMENTSREADSTHECENTERTOCOMMENTREADS,ANDCANCARRIESONPASSINGANEXAMINATIONRATETOTHEEXAMINEEANDTHETESTQUESTION,CHEATSTHESITUATION,LACKSTESTSTHESITUATION,THERESULTSECTIONDISTRIBUTION,TESTQUESTIONRESPONDINGRATEANDSOONTHEMANYKINDSOFSTATISTICALANALYSIS,FORMSTOTHETEACHINGEFFECTIVEFEEDBACKCONSIDERSTHEEXAMINATIONPLACEPARTIALSOFTWAREANDHARDWAREENVIRONMENTTHENONUNITY,BUTTHEEXAMINATIONPLACEAREPARTIALALSOISTHETESTIMPORTANTLINK,THERELIABILITYISTHESYSTEMDESIGNPRIORITYTARGET,INTHESYSTEMUSESTHEDATABACKUPMACHINETOPRESERVEALLEXAMINEESTESTRESULT,GUARANTEEDSTUDENTSTESTMACHINEINTHEPOWERCUT,DYINGMACHINEANDSOONINTHESITUATION,CANRESTORETOTHENORMALTESTCONDITION,GUARANTEEDEXAMINEESTESTDATACANNOTLOSEAFTERTHESYSTEMDEVELOPMENTCOMPLETES,FIRSTHASCARRIEDONTHEEXPERIMENTSITEINTHEBEIJINGTVUNIVERSITYJANUARY1518,2003,THEBEIJINGTVUNIVERSITYHASCARRIEDONTHEWTOKNOWLEDGECOURSECURRICULUMTESTUSINGTHETESTSYSTEM,ALTOGETHERHAD1,081PEOPLETOPARTICIPATEINTHETEST,HASSUPPOSEDTHREEEXAMINATIONPLACESENGINEROOM,HASCARRIEDON45TESTSTHETESTCARRIESONVERYSMOOTHLY,DOESNOTHAVEANYEXCEPTIONALLYAFTERTHEBEIJINGTVUNIVERSITYEXPERIMENTSITE,STARTSINTHETVUNIVERSITYSYSTEMPROMOTIONUSE,THESELECTIONCURRICULUMTOCOVERTHEREGIONTOBEBROAD,BUTREFERENCEPOPULATIONRELATIVELESS“ACCOUNTING“AND“BUSINESSMANAGEMENT“

簡介：英語外文翻外文翻譯作業(yè)外文外文資料翻料翻譯譯譯譯文文在酪干乳桿菌BL23的LDH基因分析乳酸生產(chǎn)上的作用JUANRICOMARíAJESúSYEBRAGASPARPéREZMARTíNEZJOSEFDEUTSCHERVICENTEMONEDERO收稿日期2007年12月21日/接受日期2008年1月13日/發(fā)表時間2008年1月30日?學(xué)會工業(yè)微生物2008摘要摘要干酪乳桿菌是一種通過通過L乳酸脫氫酶（LDH1）的作用促使糖發(fā)酵主要生產(chǎn)L乳酸的乳酸菌。此外，D乳酸的異構(gòu)體的少量產(chǎn)生一個DHYDROXYCAPROATE脫氫酶（HICD）的活動。LDH1是主要的L乳酸生產(chǎn)酶，但突變它的基因并沒有消除L乳酸的合成。一項(xiàng)稱作“干酪乳桿菌基本法第二十三條草案的基因組序列”的調(diào)查揭示了相關(guān)的另外三個基因編碼乳酸脫氫酶旁系。為了研究這些基因?qū)θ虻倪@種微生物的貢獻(xiàn)，個體乳酸以及雙突變體（LDH1LDH2，LDH1LDH3，LDH1，LDH4和LDH1HICD）的生產(chǎn)，構(gòu)建了乳酸生產(chǎn)的上清培養(yǎng)評估。LDH2，LDH3和LDH4基因乳酸生產(chǎn)中發(fā)揮的作用不大，因?yàn)樗麄兊膯我煌蛔兓蛟诮M合與LDH1缺失突變對L乳酸合成的影響很小。ΔLDH1突變體顯示D乳酸產(chǎn)量增加，這是可能通過活動HICD合成，因?yàn)樗窃谌∠DH1HICD的雙突變。相反，可能是HICD，在沒有LDH1，LDH2，LDH3或LDH4活動的情況下通過酶譜分析檢測。此外，這些檢測發(fā)現(xiàn)存在額外的頻段表現(xiàn)出D/LLACTATE脫氫酶活性，這不能歸咎于任何所描述的基因。這些結(jié)果表明，LBL23具有一個復(fù)雜的酶系統(tǒng)，能夠減少乳酸丙酮酸。關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞干酪乳桿菌、乳酸菌、HYDROXYCAPROATE脫氫酶、乳酸脫氫酶、代謝工程簡介簡介糖代謝乳酸菌（LAB）的特點(diǎn)是通過乳酸脫氫酶的作用主要發(fā)酵生產(chǎn)乳酸產(chǎn)品，從而降低丙酮酸，乳酸。從生物技術(shù)的觀點(diǎn)來看乳酸的生產(chǎn)是非常重要的，因?yàn)樗梢援a(chǎn)生許多自然發(fā)酵的實(shí)驗(yàn)室資源，它可以用在食品，制藥和生物聚合物產(chǎn)業(yè)7。在乳酸菌干酪BL23，一些菌株已被廣泛用于遺傳，生理和生化研究，這兩個基因編碼的蛋白質(zhì)乳酸脫氫酶活性已被描述8，12，19。LDH1基因編碼合成的LLDH，而HICD編碼個519BP的片段從LDH2AMPLIWEDPCR結(jié)合寡核苷酸5ˊGATTCCCTACCTTACACG和5ˊTCTCAATGATGCCATAAGC與ECORV分為PRV300消化的克隆，給予PRVLDH2。一505BP的LDH3內(nèi)部片段是與5ˊGTGAMPLIWEDTTATTTCCGCGGTC和5ˊGCTTAGCCTGATAAA與SMAI消化TCTTC和克隆到PRV300給PRVLDH3。LDH4的437BP的片段，AMPLIWED5ˊTCTCAATTCAGCGATGGC和5ˊCTACATCATCAGATGCG和克隆到ECORV消化PRV300來給PRVLDH4。要構(gòu)建的PRVΔLDH1質(zhì)粒攜帶融合5ˊ和3ˊ的LDH1區(qū)域，500BP的片段相應(yīng)LDH13ˊ下游地區(qū)與寡核苷酸5ˊCGACACCGAGAAMPLIWEDATTTCTGTG和5ˊACATGGATGGTCAATATGGC并克隆到PRV300用ECORI消化（作出鈍的KLENOWDNAPOLI的片段）。另外有500BP的5ˊLDH1在上游區(qū)域與寡核苷酸AMPLIWED5ˊCGGGGTACCGTCGTTTGGCCAAGCCATC和5ˊTTCAAGCAAGCTTCCAATAAC并克隆到上述質(zhì)粒PSTI（消化鈍與KLENOW酶）?？寺『匈|(zhì)粒與導(dǎo)致在正確的方向碎片被IDENTIWED限制分析，并命名為PRVΔLDH1。PCR的進(jìn)行與展開高精度聚合酶（ROCHE）從桿菌屬BL23染色體DNA。PCR產(chǎn)物凝膠PURIWED的GFXPCRPURIWCATION試劑盒（GE醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)）。限制性內(nèi)切酶，DNA的MODIWCATION酶和T4連接酶為NEWENGLANDBIOLABS公司和ROCHE公司生產(chǎn)。干酪乳桿菌菌株的轉(zhuǎn)化干酪乳桿菌菌株的轉(zhuǎn)化PRVLDH2，PRVLDH3，PRVLDH4和PVBHIC19通過GENEPULSER儀（BIORAD公司）和MRS平板轉(zhuǎn)化紅霉素。通過與相應(yīng)的寡核苷酸和DNA聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)化在正確的位點(diǎn)整合測試。構(gòu)建LDH1缺陷菌株，干酪乳桿菌BL23通過克隆選擇轉(zhuǎn)化為PRVΔLDH1和耐紅霉素。一些克隆體在含有紅霉素的MRS培養(yǎng)基上生長約200代沒有產(chǎn)生抗生素，稀釋過后培養(yǎng)的菌種亦是如此。BL249（ΔLDH1）被選定為第二應(yīng)變基因重組導(dǎo)致質(zhì)粒切除留下缺失性的LDH1，經(jīng)PCRCONWRMED執(zhí)行從敏感紅霉素克隆的DNA的分離。有機(jī)酸和葡萄糖的測定有機(jī)酸和葡萄糖的測定干酪乳桿菌細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)初期在輔以02％葡萄糖的MRS培養(yǎng)基上培養(yǎng)。有機(jī)酸上清液用JASCOPU2080PLUSHPLC系統(tǒng)，耦合紫外檢測器（210NM），以及使用REZEXROAORGANIC色譜柱進(jìn)行測定。色譜法在50°C與5MM的硫酸作為溶劑，XOW速率06毫升/分鐘的條件下進(jìn)行。D乳酸和L乳酸的同分異構(gòu)體的比例來自RBIOPHARM公司的D/LLACTIC酸性試劑盒上（德國達(dá)姆施塔特公司）。目前在生長培養(yǎng)基中的糖的測

簡介：附錄附錄附錄附錄1外文文獻(xiàn)原文外文文獻(xiàn)原文THEROLEOFTHEMAPINAWEBGISENVIRONMENTMENNOJANKRAAKINTERNATIONALINSTITUTEOFGEOINFORMATIONSCIENCEANDEARTHOBSERVATION,DEPARTMENTOFGEOINFORMATIONPROCESSING,POBOX6,7500AAENSCHEDE,THENETHERLANDSEMAILKRAAKITCNLABSTRACTTHEWORLDWIDEWEBHASCHANGEDTHEPERSPECTIVEONTHEROLETHATMAPSCANPLAYTHEIRTRADITIONALFUNCTIONREMAINS,EGTOREPRESENTANABSTRACTIONOFASELECTEDPARTOFREALITYTOOFFERINSIGHTINTOGEOSPATIALPATTERNSANDRELATIONSADDITIONALLYTHEMAPCANBEANIMPORTANTPARTOFASEARCHENGINE,ESPECIALLYINTHECONTEXTOFGEOSPATIALDATAINFRASTRUCTUREMAPSCANALSOFUNCTIONASANINTERFACETOOTHERGEOGRAPHICANDNONGEOGRAPHICINFORMATIONONTHEWEBTHEQUESTION‘WHATARETHEIMPLICATIONSOFTHISEXPANDINGROLEOFMAPSFORAWEBGISENVIRONMENT’ISADDRESSEDINTHISPAPER1INTRODUCTIONMAPSARERECOGNISEDINTHEIRCAPACITYTOOFFERANOVERVIEWOFANDINSIGHTINTOSPATIALPATTERNSANDRELATIONSMAPSCANGUIDEUSFROMATOB,SHOWTHESTRUCTUREOFTHELANDSCAPE,DISPLAYTHECHANGESINPOPULATIONDISTRIBUTIONS,ORSHOWFUTUREURBANPLANSMAPSDOTHISBECAUSETHEYREPRESENTABSTRACTIONSANDSELECTIONSOFREALITYIFWELLDESIGNED,THEMEANINGOFTHEIRSYMBOLOGYWILLGIVETHEUSERALINKTOAPARTOFREALITYGEOGRAPHICALINFORMATIONSYSTEMSGISARECHARACTERISEDBYTHEABILITYTOINTEGRATEGEOSPATIALDATAFROMAWIDEVARIETYOFSOURCESTHEFUNCTIONALITYOFSUCHSYSTEMSALLOWSDIFFERENTKINDSOFSPATIALANALYSISOPERATIONSTHENATUREOFTHESEOPERATIONSISOFTENBASEDONAPPLICATIONSMODELS,THECURRENTDISCIPLINARYAPPROACHTOTHEPROBLEMATHANDOBVIOUSLY,MAPSPLAYANIMPORTANTROLEINGISNOTONLYDOTHEYPRESENTTHEFINALRESULTSOFTHESPATIALANALYSISBUTTHEYAREALSOCRITICALDURINGTHEWHOLEITERATIVEPROCESSOFGEOSPATIALDATAHANDLINGTHEPOPULARITYOFGISHASHADATHETOOLSFORUSERFRIENDLYQUERIESANDRETRIEVALWHENSTUDYINGTHEMASSIVEAMOUNTOFDATAFORINSTANCEPRODUCEDBYSENSORS,NOWAVAILABLEVIATHEWEBCARTWRIGHTETAL1999KRAAKANDBROWN2000PETERSON2001MAPSARENOLONGERJUSTAMEDIUMTODISPLAYFINALRESULTSMAPSAREUSEDANYWHEREINTHEGEOSPATIALDATAHANDLINGPROCESSADDITIONALLY,TECHNOLOGICALDEVELOPMENTSHAVEBROUGHTMAPPINGCLOSERTOOTHERDISCIPLINES,WHICHHAVEINFLUENCEDTHEAPPROACHTOMAPPINGINTERACTIONANDDYNAMICSBECAMEIMPORTANTKEYWORDSINTHE1990S,DEVELOPMENTSAROUNDSCIENTIFICVISUALIZATIONMCCORMICKETAL1987HAVEGIVENTHEWORDVISUALIZATIONANENHANCEDMEANINGTHESEHAVELINKEDVISUALIZATIONTOMORESPECIFICWAYSINWHICHMODERNCOMPUTERTECHNOLOGYFACILITATESTHEPROCESSOF‘‘MAKINGDATAVISIBLE’’INREALTIMEINORDERTOSTRENGTHENKNOWLEDGETHERELATIONSBETWEENMAPPINGANDGISONTHEONEHAND,ANDSCIENTIFICVISUALIZATIONONTHEOTHERHAVEBEENDISCUSSEDINDEPTHBYHEARNSHAWANDUNWIN1994TAYLOR1994MACEACHRENANDTAYLOR1994INADDITIONTOSCIENTIFICVISUALIZATION,WHICHDEALSMAINLYWITHMEDICALIMAGING,PROCESSMODELVISUALIZATION,ANDMOLECULARCHEMISTRY,ANOTHERBRANCHOFVISUALIZATIONTHATINFLUENCEDMAPPINGCANBERECOGNIZEDTHISISCALLEDINFORMATIONVISUALIZATIONCARDETAL1999,ANDFOCUSESONVISUALIZATIONOFNONNUMERICALINFORMATIONINTHISFIELDWESEETHEMAPUSEDASMETAPHORTOACCESSDATAOTHERDISCIPLINES84MENNOJANKRAAKHAVINGHADINFLUENCEONTHEMAPAREIMAGEANALYSIS,EXPLORATORYDATAANALYSISEDA,ANDOFCOURSEMETHODOLOGICALDEVELOPMENTSINGISANDCARTOGRAPHYNOTTOBEFORGOTTENTHEABOVEDEVELOPMENTSINSCIENTIFICVISUALISATIONSTIMULATEDDIBIASE1990TODEFINEAMODELFORMAPBASEDSCIENTIFICVISUALISATIONITCOVERSBOTHTHECOMMUNICATIONANDTHINKINGFUNCTIONSOFTHEMAPCOMMUNICATIONISDESCRIBEDAS‘‘PUBLICVISUALCOMMUNICATION’’SINCEITCONCERNSMAPSAIMEDATAWIDEAUDIENCETHINKINGISDEFINEDAS‘‘PRIVATEVISUALTHINKING’’BECAUSEITISOFTENANINDIVIDUALPLAYINGWITHTHEGEOSPATIALDATATODETERMINEITSSIGNIFICANCEONAMOREDETAILEDLEVEL,DIFFERENTVISUALISATIONSTAGESCANBERECOGNISED,EACHREQUIRINGADIFFERENTSTRATEGYFROMTHEPERSPECTIVEOFMAPUSETHISRANGESFROMPRESENTATIONTOEXPLORATIONTHEFIRSTFITSINTOTHETRADITIONALREALMOFCARTOGRAPHY,WHERETHE

簡介：中文中文2696字出處出處COMPUTERSCIENCEANDINFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY,2009ICCSIT20092NDIEEEINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONIEEE,2009405407翻譯部分翻譯部分英文原文STUDYONMETHODOFPICTUREFILESPROCESSINGINPOWERBUILDERJIAYINJIANGZHANGTIEJUNZHAOJUNYINGABSTRACTPICTURESAREONEOFTHEIMPORTANTELEMENTSOFWHICHTHEAPPLICATIONISCOMPOSEDAPROGRAMMERISABLETOCHOOSESUITABLETREATMENTACCORDINGTOTHESYSTEMREQUIREMENTINPOWERBUILDERPICTURECONTROLANDOLECONTROLARETHEMOSTCOMMONLYUSEDMETHODSBLOBDATATYPEFIELDISUSEDTOACCESSPICTUREFILESINDATABASEANDFUNCTIONOFDATAWINDOWISUSEDTODISPLAYPICTURESDYNAMICALLYEACHMETHODHASITSOWNCHARACTERISTICSANDAPPLICATIONCONDITIONSTHISARTICLEDISCUSSESANDEXPLORESTHEMETHODSOFSTORAGEANDDISPLAYOFPICTUREFILESINPOWERBUILDERKEYWORDSBLOBDATATYPEPICTURECONTROLPICTUREPROCESSINGIINTRODUCTIONPICTURESARECOMPOSEDOFANIMPORTANTELEMENTINTHEAPPLICATIONFLEXIBILITYINTHEUSEOFTHEPICTUREWILLMAKETHEPROCEDUREMOREATTRACTIVEMETHODOFPICTUREFILESPROCESSINGMAINLYINCLUDESPICTURESTORAGE,DISPLAYANDUPDATE,ETCPOWERBUILDERINACCESSTHEDATABASEANDDATAPROCESSINGHASAVERYSTRONGFUNCTIONBUTWEAKINPICTURESTORAGEANDDISPLAYASLONGASWEMASTERSOMECOMMONLYUSEDDEVELOPMENTSKILLS,WEWILLBEABLETOSOLVEPICTUREPROCESSINGPROBLEMWELLINTHEPRACTICALAPPLICATIONPICTURESSTOREDINTHEFORMOFFILECANBEDISPLAYEDWITHPICTURECONTROLOROLECONTROLPICTURESSTOREDINTHEDATABASE,ABLOBDATATYPEFIELDNEEDEDTOBEDEFINEDANDPICTUREDATAISOPERATEDWITHBINARYLARGEOBJECTCOMMANDINADDITIONTOTHEABOVETWOMETHODS,PICTURESALSOCANBEDISPLAYEDDYNAMICALLYBYUSINGOFTHEMODIFYFUNCTIONOFDATAWINDOWEACHMETHODHASITSOWNCHARACTERISTICSANDAPPLICATIONCONDITIONSTHISARTICLEDISCUSSESANDEXPLORESTHEMETHODSOFSTORAGEANDDW_1SETTRANSOBJECTSQLCADW_1RETRIEVESCRIPTCODEINCLICKEDEVENTOFTHECOMMANDBUTTONISASFOLLOWINGSTRINGLS_STRING,LS_FNSTRINGLS_FILEPATH,LS_FILENAMEGETFILEOPENNAME“PLEASECHOOSETHEPICTUREFILES“,LS_FILEPATH,LS_FILENAME,“BMP“,“BMPFILESBMP,BMP,JPGFILESJPG,JPG,ALLFILES,“LS_FNLS_FILEPATHLS_STRINGCREATEBITMAPBANDDETAILX“800“Y“10“WIDTH“500“HEIGHT“470“LS_FILENAME“LS_FN“BORDER“2“NAMELS_PNDW_1MODIFYLS_STRINGRUNWINDOWANDCLICKTHECOMMANDBUTTON,CHOOSEAPICTUREINTHEPOPUPDIALOGBOX,THESELECTEDPICTUREWILLBEDISPLAYEDINDETAILBANDOFDATAWINDOW,POSITIONISX800ANDY10,PICTURESIZEIS500MULTIPLIED470PIXELS,BORDERSTYLEIS2,THATIS“STYLEBOX”TYPETHISMETHODHASTHEFOLLOWINGCHARACTERISTICSINCOMPARISONWITHOLECONTROLANDPICTURECONTROLSTYLEFIRST,DATAWINDOWFUNCTIONSCANSUPPORTMOREFILETYPEANDDISPLAYAVARIETYOFFILETYPEFORMATS,INCLUDINGBMP,JPG,GIF,WMFIMAGEFILEFORMAT,ETCSECOND,DATAWINDOWFUNCTIONSHAVETHECHARACTERISTICSOFFLEXIBILITY,FREEDOM,ANDCANBESETUPINFUNCTIONOFPICTUREPOSITION,SIZE,BORDER,DISPLAYAREA,ANDOTHERPROPERTYTHIRD,FASTERIMAGESANDLESSMEMORY,PICTURESDISPLAYARENOTPLACEDTOSETACONTROL,BUTDYNAMICALLYGENERATEDINTHEPROCESSOFPROGRAMRUNNINGIIIPICTUREFILESACCESSINDATABASEAACCESSPICTURESTHROUGHTHEFILEPATHINORDERTOILLUSTRATETHEOPERATIONOFPICTUREFILES,HERETWOTABLESANDTHEIRSTRUCTUREDEFINEDAREGIVENBELOWTABLEITABLETPBCOLUMNNAMEDATATYPEWIDTHNULLREMARKTPBHVARCHAR20NOPRIMARYKEYTPLJVARCHAR50YESTABLEIITABLESTUDENTCOLUMNNAMEDATATYPEWIDTHNULLREMARKXHVARCHAR10NOPRIMARYKEYXMVARCHAR8NOXBVARCHAR2NOCSRQDATEYESZPLONGBINARYYES

簡介：1PERFORMANCEOFANOXIDATIONDITCHRETROFITTEDWITHAMEMBRANEBIOREACTORDURINGTHESTARTUPABSTRACTTHEOBJECTIVEOFTHISSTUDYISTOELUCIDATETHEFULLSCALECHARACTERISTICSOFANOXIDATIONDITCHODRETROFITTEDWITHAMEMBRANEBIOREACTORMBRDOMESTICWASTEWATERENTERINGANOXIDATIONDITCHATAFLOWRATEOF86M3/DWASDIRECTEDTOAMBRRETROFITTEDINTOTHEORIGINALSECONDARYSEDIMENTATIONTANKTHEMBRCONTAINEDFLATSHEETMEMBRANESTHEDATACOLLECTEDFOR2MONTHSDURINGTHESTARTUPOFTHESYSTEMSHOWEDTHATPHWASMAINTAINEDAT72AND67INODANDMBR,RESPECTIVELYDISSOLVEDOXYGENDOINMBRREMAINEDSTABLEAT78MG/L,WHILEFLUCTUATEDINODTHEMIXEDLIQUORSUSPENDEDSOLIDSMLSSINTHEODREMAINEDSTEADYATACONCENTRATIONABOUT1000MG/L,BUTITWASGRADUALLYBUILDINGUPFROM500MG/LTO2400MG/LINTHEMBRDURINGTHISPERIODMEASUREMENTSOFCARBOHYDRATEANDPROTEINWEREMADEBYEXTRACTINGTHEEXTRACELLULARPOLYMERICSUBSTANCESEPSWITHSODIUMHYDROXIDENAOHFROMTHEMIXEDLIQUOROBTAINEDFROMBOTHODANDMBRCARBOHYDRATEWASPREDOMINANTINTHEEPSANDTHERATIOSBETWEENCARBOHYDRATEANDPROTEINCONVERGEDTOFIXEDVALUESFROMTHEFOURTHWEEKINTHISCASETHERATIOWAS45FORODAND5FORMBRTHEVARIATIONINEPSCONTENTSSHOWEDSIMILARTRENDSINBOTHODANDMBRTHEINTEGRATEDTREATMENTFACILITYREMOVEDAMMONIA,CODANDBODAT100、916AND970,RESPECTIVELYHOWEVER,EFFICIENCYOFNITRATEANDPHOSPHATEREMOVALHASNOTBEENREALIZEDYETKEYWORDSOXIDATIONDITCHSUBMERGEDFLATSHEETMEMBRANEEXTRACELLULERPOLYMERICSUBSTANCENUTRIENTREMOVAL3SOLIDSCONCENTRATIONSANDREQUIRESLARGELANDAREA4NU0RIAVIDALANDCOWORKERS2002COMPAREDTHEDIFFERENCEAMONGTHREEWASTEWATERTREATMENTPROCESSESINCLUDING1ACTIVATEDSLUDGEPROCESS,2LUDZACK–ETTINGERANOXICPROCESSFOLLOWEDBYAERATIONPROCESSAND3OXIDATIONDITCH5FOREACHOFTHETHREESCENARIOS,THEEMISSIONSANDTHEUSEOFNATURALRESOURCESDUETOTHEIROPERATIONANDTRANSPORTATIONOFSLUDGEWEREEVALUATEDCONSUMPTIONVALUESFORALLENERGYRESOURCESWEREHIGHERFORTHELUDZACK–ETTINGERCONFIGURATION,WHILETHEVALUESFROMTHEOXIDATIONDITCHCONFIGURATIONDIDNOTDIFFERSIGNIFICANTLYFROMTHEACTIVATEDSLUDGEMAJORENVIRONMENTALIMPACTBYEUTROPHICATIONDUETONH4/NO3WASREDUCEDBY68INTHELUDZACK–ETTINGERCONFIGURATIONAND75INTHEOXIDATIONDITCHCONFIGURATIONWITHRESPECTTOTHEREFERENCEACTIVATEDSLUDGEPROCESS5HOWEVER,THEQUALITYOFEFFLUENTFROMOXIDATIONDITCHISNOTSUFFICIENTENOUGHFORHIGHERSTANDARDSTHATAREREQUIREDFORUNLIMITEDIRRIGATIONANDREUSEOFTHEWATERMEMBRANEBIOREACTORMBRTECHNOLOGYHASBEENAPPLIEDTOPROVIDEHIGHQUALITYEFFLUENTBYCONSTRUCTINGAMEMBRANESYSTEMINTOTHEEXISTINGCLARIFIERTHEBENEFITSOFUSINGTHEMBRTECHNOLOGYFORRETROFITINGARENOEXTRALANDREQUIREMENT,PRODUCESHIGHQUALITYEFFLUENTFORREUSE,NOODOR,ANDALLOWSTREATMENTOFMUCHHIGHERCAPACITYOFWASTEWATER6AFULLSCALEOXIDATIONDITCHRETROFITTEDWITHAMEMBRANEBIOREACTORISINOPERATIONINKILKENNYIRELANDSINCE1999TOTREAT9000M3/DOFDAIRYFARMWASTEWATER6THEPURPOSEOFTHISSTUDYISTOCHARACTERIZETHEPERFORMANCEOFAFULLSCALEODRETROFITTEDWITHAMBRDURINGTHESTARTUPTHESTUDYWILLSHOWTHEATTRIBUTESOFTREATMENTFROMRAWWASTEWATERTOFINALEFFLUENTNAMELYCOD,BOD,AMMONIA,NITRATE,PHOSPHATE,EPS,SOLUBLEPROTEIN,CARBOHYDRATE,MLSS

簡介：翻譯部分翻譯部分英文原文英文原文DESIGNOFBACKFILLEDTHINSEAMCOALPILLARSUSINGEARTHPRESSURETHEORY1INTRODUCTIONTHESELFADVANCINGMINERHASBEENDESIGNEDTOEXTRACTCOALFROMSEAMSLESSTHAN90CENTIMETERSTHICKTHESAMALLOWSFOREXTRACTIONOFTHEFULLSEAMHEIGHTWHILEMINIMIZINGWASTEROCK,ANDUTILIZESREMOTEOPERATIONTHATALLOWSTHEMINERTOADVANCEUPTO180M600FTINTOTHESEAMHOWEVER,THECOALSEAMSARESOTHINTHATTHERECOVERYRATESOFTHISMININGMETHODWILLBEFAIRLYLOWANDWILLDECREASERAPIDLYWITHTHEDEPTHOFMININGINORDERTOINCREASETHERECOVERYFROMTHINSEAMMINES,PILLARSMUSTBEDESIGNEDASSMALLASPOSSIBLEWITHOUTCOMPROMISINGTHESTABILITYOFTHEMINEBACKFILLCANPROVIDETHESUPPORTNECESSARYTOMAINTAINTHEINTEGRITYOFTHEUNDERGROUNDWORKINGSWHILEALLOWINGFORINCREASEDEXTRACTIONTHEPLACINGOFBACKFILLUNDERGROUNDHASPREDOMINANTLYBEENAPRACTICEEMPLOYEDINCUTANDFILLMINESTHOMAS,1979BACKFILLMATERIALISINTRODUCEDUNDERGROUNDINTOPREVIOUSLYMINEDSTOPESTOPROVIDEAWORKINGPLATFORMANDLOCALIZEDSUPPORT,REDUCINGTHEVOLUMEOFOPENSPACEWHICHCOULDPOTENTIALLYBEFILLEDBYACOLLAPSEOFTHESURROUNDINGPILLARSBARRETETAL,1978THEPRESENCEOFFILLINANOPENINGPREVENTSLARGESCALEMOVEMENTSANDCOLLAPSEOFOPENINGSMERELYBYOCCUPYINGVOIDSLEFTBYMININGAITCHISONETAL1973THEREFORE,THEPLACEMENTOFFILLINOPENSPACESUNDERGROUNDTENDSTOPREVENTTHEUNRAVELING/SPALLINGOFTHESURROUNDINGROCKMASSINTOTHEMINEDOUTSPACE,EFFECTIVELYINCREASINGTHESTRENGTH,ORLOADBEARINGCAPACITY,OFTHESURROUNDINGROCKMASSTHISTYPEOFSUPPORTMECHANISMNOTONLYHELPSPROVIDESUPPORTTOPILLARSANDWALLS,BUTALSOHELPSTOPREVENTCAVINGANDROOFFALLS,MINIMIZESURFACESUBSIDENCE,ANDENHANCEPILLARRECOVERYCOATES,1981ALTHOUGHTHESUPPORTCAPABILITYOFBACKFILLISWELLKNOWNITSTILLREMAINSFAIRLYDIFFICULTTOQUANTIFYMODELSANDEQUATIONSFORTHEDETERMINATIONOFBACKFILLSUPPORTHAVEBEENPROPOSEDCAI,1983GUANGXUANDMAOYUAN,1983ANDPILLARBACKFILLSYSTEMSHAVEBEENMODELEDUSINGLABORATORYSETUPSINORDERTOCORRELATETHEACTUALSUPPORTBEHAVIOROFFILLWITHPROPOSEDMODELSYAMAGUCHIANDYAMATOMI,1989BLIGHTANDCLARKE,1983SWANANDBOARD,1989AITCHISONETAL,1973BUTINGENERALTHESEMODELSANDLABTESTSAREDEPENDENTONLOCALEXPERIENCEANDEMPIRICALLYDERIVEDRELATIONSHIPSBETWEENBACKFILLSUPPORT,MATERIALPROPERTIES,ANDMINELEFTATTHEENDSOFTHEPANELSTOPROTECTTHECROSSCUTSFIGURE2ISACROSSSECTIONALVIEWOFTHECUTTINGFACETHEFACEEVOKESTHEHIGHWALLMINECOMPARISONTHECOALSEAMRUNSTHROUGHTHEMIDDLEOFTHEPANELANDAPORTIONOFTHEPANEL‘MATERIAL’ISLEFTABOVEANDBELOWEACHCUTTHECUTWIDTHIS3M10FTANDTHECUTHEIGHTISEQUIVALENTTOTHESEAMHEIGHTLESSTHAN90CM36INITISINTENDEDTHATASTHESAMRETREATSFROMEACHCUT,BACKFILLWILLBEEITHERHYDRAULICALLYORPNEUMATICALLYPLACEDINTHEMINEDOUTVOID3APPLICATIONOFEARTHPRESSURETHEORYTHEIDEATHATTHEBACKFILLSUPPORTMECHANISMDESCRIBEDINTHEPREVIOUSSECTIONCANBEQUANTIFIEDUSINGPRINCIPLESTAKENFROMSOILMECHANICSISNOTNEWABROADUNDERSTANDINGOFFILLBEHAVIORHASALWAYSBEENDEPENDENTONKNOWLEDGEOFEARTHPRESSURESHOWEVER,EARTHPRESSURETHEORIESANDCONCEPTSHAVENOTGENERALLYBEENCONSIDEREDADEQUATEINPROPERLYQUANTIFYINGTHEMAGNITUDEOFFILLSUPPORTINUNDERGROUNDMINESLIMITEDUNDERSTANDINGABOUTTHETRANSFEROFLOADSFROMTHESURROUNDINGROCKTOTHEFILLANDFRICTIONALEFFECTS,ALONGWITHMINEGEOMETRY,HAVEMADEITDIFFICULTTOAPPLYTHECONCEPTSOFEARTHPRESSURETHEORYTOBACKFILLSUPPORTTHOMAS,1979WHATMAKESTHECASEOFTHESAMOPERATINGINATHINSEAMCOALMINEDIFFERENTISTHECONCEPTOF‘DESIGNEDFAILURE’OFTHEPILLARSSOTHATDEFORMATIONSCAPABLEOFMOBILIZINGTHEPASSIVERESISTANCEOFTHEBACKFILLWILLOCCURFROMCIVILENGINEERINGDESIGNOFRETAININGWALLSITHASBEENSHOWNTHATTHEMOVEMENTREQUIREDTOREACHMAXIMUMPASSIVEEARTHPRESSUREWITHININALOOSESANDYSOILIS4OFTHEWALLHEIGHTCLOUGHANDDUNCAN,1971THEDENSERTHESOIL,THELESSMOVEMENTREQUIREDAPPLYINGTHISGUIDELINETOTHETHINSEAMCOALMINEFORAPILLARHEIGHTOF90CMLATERALDEFORMATIONOFTHEPILLARMUSTBEATLEAST36CMFORALOOSE,SANDYBACKFILLTOREACHMAXIMUMPASSIVEEARTHPRESSURECONDITIONSTHEINITIALSTAGESOFPILLARFAILUREMAYNOTPRODUCEMOVEMENTSTHATLARGE,BUTOVERTIMECREEPDEFORMATIONWILLALMOSTCERTAINLY

簡介：CHAPTERTHREETHEROLEOFMICRORNASINMUSCLEDEVELOPMENTNICHOLASSSOKOLCONTENTS1INTRODUCTION602MUSCLEMIRNAREGULATORYNETWORKS6021IDENTIFICATIONOFMUSCLEMIRNAS6022GENOMICORGANIZATIONOFMUSCLEMIRNAS6123TRANSCRIPTIONALCONTROLOFMUSCLEMIRNAS6424POSTTRANSCRIPTIONALREGULATIONOFMUSCLEMIRNAS6425MRNATARGETSOFMUSCLEMIRNAS653FUNCTIONALANALYSISOFMIRNASDURINGMUSCLEDEVELOPMENT6531MUSCLEPHENOTYPESOFZEBRAFISHANDMOUSEDICERMUTANTS6632MUSCLEPHENOTYPESOFMIRNAMUTANTS684MIRNASINMUSCLESTEMCELLS735CONCLUDINGREMARKS74REFERENCES75ABSTRACTMICRORNASPLAYESSENTIALROLESDURINGANIMALDEVELOPMENT,INCLUDINGINDEVELOPINGMUSCLEMANYMICRORNASAREEXPRESSEDDURINGMUSCLEDEVELOPMENTANDSOME,LIKEMIR1ANDMIR133,AREMUSCLESPECIFICMUSCLEMICRORNASAREINTEGRATEDINTOMYOGENICREGULATORYNETWORKSTHEIREXPRESSIONISUNDERTHETRANSCRIPTIONALANDPOSTTRANSCRIPTIONALCONTROLOFMYOGENICFACTORS,ANDTHEYINTURNHAVEWIDESPREADCONTROLOFMUSCLEGENEEXPRESSIONTHISREVIEWSUMMARIZESRECENTWORKCHARACTERIZINGTHEFUNCTIONOFMICRORNASINMUSCLEBIOLOGYANDSPECIFICALLYFOCUSESONTHEGENETICANALYSISOFMUSCLEMICRORNASINAVARIETYOFMODELORGANISMSINCLUDINGWORMS,FLIES,ZEBRAFISH,ANDMICECURRENTTOPICSINDEVELOPMENTALBIOLOGY,VOLUME992012ELSEVIERINCISSN00702153,DOI101016/B9780123870384000033ALLRIGHTSRESERVEDDEPARTMENTOFBIOLOGY,INDIANAUNIVERSITY,BLOOMINGTON,INDIANA,USA59ABOOBAKERETAL,2005,ANDMIR133,206,216,AND499INZEBRAFISHKLOOSTERMANETAL,2006WIENHOLDSETAL,2005MICROARRAYANALYSISANDDEEPSEQUENCINGEXPERIMENTSHAVESIGNIFICANTLYEXTENDEDTHENUMBEROFMIRNASIMPLICATEDINVERTEBRATEMUSCLEDEVELOPMENTTHESEEXPRESSIONPROFILINGAPPROACHESHAVEFOCUSEDONIDENTIFYINGTHECOMPLETEREPERTOIREOFMUSCLEMIRNASINEMBRYONICANDADULTMUSCLETISSUEFROMDIVERSESPECIESHUANGETAL,2008LIETAL,2011MICROARRAYANALYSISOFMOUSETISSUE,FOREXAMPLE,IDENTIFIEDATOTALOF114MIRNASTHATAREEXPRESSEDINTHEMOUSEHEART,25OFWHICHAREAPPARENTLYHEARTSPECIFICTANGETAL,2007SUBSEQUENTDEEPSEQUENCINGOFYOUNGADULTMOUSEHEARTTISSUEFOUNDANENRICHMENTOFASMALLNUMBEROFMIRNAS,WITHMIR1ACCOUNTINGFOR40OFALLCARDIACMIRNAEXPRESSIONRAOETAL,2009THELEVELOFMIR1EXPRESSIONISSTRIKINGMIR1IS?20FOLDMOREABUNDANTTHANMIR208,AMIRNAENCODEDWITHINTHEINTRONOFACARDIACMYOSINANDTHEREFOREAREASONABLEPROXYFORAHIGHLYEXPRESSEDCARDIACMRNAOTHERMIRNASENRICHEDINHEARTTISSUESINCLUDEMEMBERSOFTHELET7,MIR26,MIR29,ANDMIR30FAMILIESINAPARALLELAPPROACHTOIDENTIFYMIRNASINVOLVEDINMUSCLEBIOLOGY,MIRNAEXPRESSIONDYNAMICSHAVEBEENPROFILEDINCULTUREDMAMMALIANCELLSUNDERGOINGSKELETALORCARDIACMUSCLEDIFFERENTIATIONCHENETAL,2006DEYETAL,2011IVEYETAL,2008NAGUIBNEVAETAL,2006FOREXAMPLE,THEEXPRESSIONOFACOLLECTIONOFMIRNASINCLUDINGMIR1,22,26,133,181,206,AND486ISUPREGULATEDASCULTUREDMURINEC2C12MYOBLASTSDIFFERENTIATEINTOSKELETALMUSCLECHENETAL,2006DEYETAL,2011NAGUIBNEVAETAL,2006ACTIVATIONOFTHESEMIRNASMAYBEREQUIREDTOPROMOTEDIFFERENTIATIONPROGRAMSANDISCOINCIDENTWITHTHEDOWNREGULATIONOFASECONDSETOFC2C12EXPRESSEDMIRNASINCLUDINGMIR125BGEETAL,2011,WHICHLIKELYREPRESSC2C12DIFFERENTIATIONINDEED,ANANALOGOUSROLEFORMIR125BHASRECENTLYBEENFOUNDDURINGSKINCELLDIFFERENTIATION,SINCEMIR125BISHIGHLYEXPRESSEDINSKINPROGENITORCELLSANDISSHARPLYDOWNREGULATEDDURINGTHEIRDIFFERENTIATIONZHANGETAL,2011SIMILARPROFILINGAPPROACHESHAVEALSOBEENUSEDTOIDENTIFYMIRNASINVOLVEDINCARDIACMUSCLEDIFFERENTIATIONFOREXAMPLE,17MURINEMIRNASAREUPREGULATEDASEMBRYONICSTEMCELLSDIFFERENTIATEINTOCARDIOMYOCYTES,INCLUDINGMIR1,133,143,182,200,AND295IVEYETAL,2008TAKENTOGETHER,THESEPROFILINGANALYSESINDICATETHATMUSCLESHAVEARICHPALETTEOFMIRNASTHATLIKELYPLAYMYRIADDIVERSEROLESDURINGMUSCLEDEVELOPMENT22GENOMICORGANIZATIONOFMUSCLEMIRNASINMANYANIMALGENOMES,MUSCLEMIRNASAREFOUNDCLUSTEREDTOGETHERSEEFIG31INBOTHTHEMOUSEANDHUMANGENOMES,FOREXAMPLE,EACHOFTHETHREEMEMBERSOFTHEMIR1FAMILYOFMIRNASISLOCATEDNEXTTOAMIRNASINMUSCLEDEVELOPMENT61

簡介：PROCEEDINGSOFINFORMINGSCIENCEITEDUCATIONCONFERENCEINSITE2009ADESCRIPTIVEALGORITHMFORSOBELIMAGEEDGEDETECTIONORVINCENT,CLAUSTHALUNIVERSITYOFTECHNOLOGY,GERMANYANDUNIVERSITYOFAGRICULTURE,ABEOKUTA,NIGERIAVINCENTREBECCAGMAILCOMOFOLORUNSODEPARTMENTOFCOMPUTERSCIENCE,UNIVERSITYOFAGRICULTURE,ABEOKUTA,NIGERIAFOLORUNSOLUSEGUNYAHOOCOMABSTRACTIMAGEEDGEDETECTIONISAPROCESSOFLOCATINGTHEEDGEOFANIMAGEWHICHISIMPORTANTINFINDINGTHEAPPROXIMATEABSOLUTEGRADIENTMAGNITUDEATEACHPOINTIOFANINPUTGRAYSCALEIMAGETHEPROBLEMOFGETTINGANAPPROPRIATEABSOLUTEGRADIENTMAGNITUDEFOREDGESLIESINTHEMETHODUSEDTHESOBELOPERATORPERFORMSA2DSPATIALGRADIENTMEASUREMENTONIMAGESTRANSFERRINGA2DPIXELARRAYINTOSTATISTICALLYUNCORRELATEDDATASETENHANCESTHEREMOVALOFREDUNDANTDATA,ASARESULT,REDUCTIONOFTHEAMOUNTOFDATAISREQUIREDTOREPRESENTADIGITALIMAGETHESOBELEDGEDETECTORUSESAPAIROF3X3CONVOLUTIONMASKS,ONEESTIMATINGGRADIENTINTHEXDIRECTIONANDTHEOTHERESTIMATINGGRADIENTINY–DIRECTIONTHESOBELDETECTORISINCREDIBLYSENSITIVETONOISEINPICTURES,ITEFFECTIVELYHIGHLIGHTTHEMASEDGESHENCE,SOBELOPERATORISRECOMMENDEDINMASSIVEDATACOMMUNICATIONFOUNDINDATATRANSFERKEYWORDSIMAGEPROCESSING,EDGEDETECTION,SOBELOPERATOR,DATACOMMUNICATIONANDABSOLUTEGRADIENTMAGNITUDEINTRODUCTIONIMAGEPROCESSINGISIMPORTANTINMODERNDATASTORAGEANDDATATRANSMISSIONESPECIALLYINPROGRESSIVETRANSMISSIONOFIMAGES,VIDEOCODINGTELECONFERENCING,DIGITALLIBRARIES,ANDIMAGEDATABASE,REMOTESENSINGITHASTODOWITHMANIPULATIONOFIMAGESDONEBYALGORITHMTOPRODUCEDESIREDIMAGESMILANETAL,2003DIGITALSIGNALPROCESSINGDSPIMPROVETHEQUALITYOFIMAGESTAKENUNDEREXTREMELYUNFAVOURABLECONDITIONSINSEVERALWAYSBRIGHTNESSANDCONTRASTADJUSTMENT,EDGEDETECTION,NOISEREDUCTION,FOCUSADJUSTMENT,MOTIONBLURREDUCTIONETCGONZALEZ,2002THEADVANTAGEISTHATIMAGEPROCESSINGALLOWSMUCHWIDERRANGEOFALGORITHMSTOBEAPPLIEDTOTHEINPUTDATAINORDERTOAVOIDPROBLEMSSUCHASTHEBUILDUPOFNOISEANDSIGNALDISTORTIONDURINGPROCESSINGBAKERNAYAR,1996MANYOFTHETECHNIQUESOFDIGITALIMAGEPROCESSINGWEREDEVELOPEDINTHE1960SATTHEJETPROPULSIONLABORATORY,MASSACHUSETTSINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGYMIT,BELLLABORATORYANDFEWOTHERPLACESBUTTHECOSTOFPROCESSINGWASFAIRLYHIGHWITHTHECOMPUTINGEQUIPMENTSOFTHATERAWITHTHEFASTCOMPUTERSANDSIGNALPROCESSORSAVAILABLEINTHE2000S,DIGITALIMAGEPROCESSINGBECAMETHEMOSTCOMMONFORMOFIMAGEPROCESSINGANDISGENERALUSEDBECAUSEITISNOTONLYTHEMOSTVERSATILEMETHODBUTALSOTHEMATERIALPUBLISHEDASPARTOFTHISPUBLICATION,EITHERONLINEORINPRINT,ISCOPYRIGHTEDBYTHEINFORMINGSCIENCEINSTITUTEPERMISSIONTOMAKEDIGITALORPAPERCOPYOFPARTORALLOFTHESEWORKSFORPERSONALORCLASSROOMUSEISGRANTEDWITHOUTFEEPROVIDEDTHATTHECOPIESARENOTMADEORDISTRIBUTEDFORPROFITORCOMMERCIALADVANTAGEANDTHATCOPIES1BEARTHISNOTICEINFULLAND2GIVETHEFULLCITATIONONTHEFIRSTPAGEITISPERMISSIBLETOABSTRACTTHESEWORKSSOLONGASCREDITISGIVENTOCOPYINALLOTHERCASESORTOREPUBLISHORTOPOSTONASERVERORTOREDISTRIBUTETOLISTSREQUIRESSPECIFICPERMISSIONANDPAYMENTOFAFEECONTACTPUBLISHERINFORMINGSCIENCEORGTOREQUESTREDISTRIBUTIONPERMISSIONVINCENTFOLORUNSO99RESULTINGEDGEDETECTIONTHETWOFILTERSHIGHLIGHTAREASOFHIGHSPECIALFREQUENCY,WHICHTENDTODEFINETHEEDGEOFANOBJECTINANIMAGETHETWOFILTERSAREDESIGNEDWITHTHEINTENTIONOFBRINGINGOUTTHEDIAGONALEDGESWITHINTHEIMAGETHEGXIMAGEWILLENUNCIATEDIAGONALSTHATRUNFROMTHEETOPLEFTTOTHEBOTTOMRIGHTWHEREASTHEGYIMAGEWILLBRINGOUTEDGESTHATRUNTOPRIGHTTOBOTTOMLEFTTHETWOINDIVIDUALIMAGESGXANDGYARECOMBINEDUSINGTHEAPPROXIMATIONEQUATIONGYGXGTHECANNYEDGEDETECTIONOPERATORWASDEVELOPEDBYJOHNFCANNYIN1986ANDUSESAMULTISTAGEALGORITHMTODETECTAWIDERANGEOFEDGESINIMAGESINADDITION,CANNYEDGEDETECTORISACOMPLEXOPTIMALEDGEDETECTORWHICHTAKESSIGNIFICANTLYLONGERTIMEINRESULTCOMPUTATIONSTHEIMAGEISFIRSTLYRUNTHROUGHAGAUSSIANBLURTOGETRIDOFTHENOISEWHENTHEALGORITHMISAPPLIED,THEANGLEANDMAGNITUDEISOBTAINEDWHICHISUSEDTODETERMINEPORTIONSOFTHEEDGESTORETAINTHEREARETWOTHRESHOLDCUTOFFPOINTSWHEREANYVALUEINTHEIMAGEBELOWTHEFIRSTTHRESHOLDISDROPPEDTOZEROANDVALUESABOVETHESECONDTHRESHOLDISRAISEDTOONECANNY1986CONSIDEREDTHEMATHEMATICALPROBLEMOFDERIVINGANOPTIMALSMOOTHINGFILTERGIVENTHECRITERIAOFDETECTION,LOCALIZATIONANDMINIMIZINGMULTIPLERESPONSESTOASINGLEEDGEHESHOWEDTHATTHEOPTIMALFILTERGIVENTHESEASSUMPTIONSISASUMOFFOUREXPONENTIALTERMSHEALSOSHOWEDTHATTHISFILTERCANBEWELLAPPROXIMATEDBYFIRSTORDERDERIVATIVESOFGAUSSIANSCANNYALSOINTRODUCEDTHENOTIONOFNONMAXIMUMSUPPRESSION,WHICHMEANSTHATGIVENTHEPRESMOOTHINGFILTERS,EDGEPOINTSAREDEFINEDASPOINTSWHERETHEGRADIENTMAGNITUDEASSUMESALOCALMAXIMUMINTHEGRADIENTDIRECTIONANOTHERALGORITHMUSEDISTHESUSANEDGEDETECTORTHISEDGEDETECTIONALGORITHMFOLLOWSTHEUSUALMETHODOFTAKINGANIMAGEANDUSINGAPREDETERMINEDWINDOWCENTEREDONEACHPIXELINTHEIMAGEAPPLYINGALOCALLYACTINGSETOFRULESTOGIVEANEDGERESPONSEVINCENT,2006THERESPONSEISTHENPROCESSEDTOGIVETHEOUTPUTASASETOFEDGESTHESUSANEDGEFILTERHASBEENIMPLEMENTEDUSINGCIRCULARMASKSKERNELTOGIVEISOTOPICRESPONSESWITHAPPROXIMATIONSUSEDEITHERWITHCONSTANTWEIGHTINGWITHINITORWITHGAUSSIANWEIGHTINGTHEUSUALRADIUSIS34PIXELS,GIVINGAMASKOF37PIXELS,ANDTHESMALLESTMASKCONSIDEREDISTHETRADITIONAL33MASKTHE37PIXELSCIRCULARMASKUSEDINALLFEATUREDETECTIONEXPERIMENTSISPLACEDATEACHPOINTINTHEIMAGEANDFOREACHPOINTTHEBRIGHTNESSOFEACHPIX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