簡介：中文中文5439字畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文外文資料翻譯學(xué)院專業(yè)過程裝備與控制工程姓名學(xué)號外文出處JOURNALOFPROCESSCONTROL2006,16179191附件1外文資料翻譯譯文；2外文原文。指導(dǎo)教師評語簽名年月日用外文寫44提供了一個機會，改善及時性和實用性測量的數(shù)據(jù)。通常一個現(xiàn)代化的工廠具有相當(dāng)多的的測量數(shù)據(jù)可供分析和控制（1）在工具層面，實時數(shù)據(jù)反映了設(shè)備的健康狀況和提供反饋并實時控制（2）綜合測量和在線測量數(shù)據(jù)的幾何尺寸可進行后期處理，有輕微的計量延遲（3）樣品和最終電氣測試（電子測試）提供數(shù)據(jù)與中期或長期的電性能時間延遲，但他們最重要的信息制造業(yè)的成效。先進的控制手段與優(yōu)化方法應(yīng)盡量在所有的信息的使用綜合等級的高效率生產(chǎn)和嚴(yán)格的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量控制。監(jiān)測和控制的半導(dǎo)體制造程序已經(jīng)在一些美國的大學(xué)和工業(yè)研究實驗室研發(fā)出來。作為代表的有UC伯克利28,32對統(tǒng)計建模與控制等離子蝕刻機，密歇根實時運行多變量控制22，以及麻省理工學(xué)院在不同的傳感器和控制技術(shù)7,8。由于缺乏現(xiàn)場傳感器大部分控制開發(fā)工作從運行（R2R）控制策略12,41。在馬里蘭大學(xué)研究小組貢獻的運行區(qū)控制2,5,53。領(lǐng)先的半導(dǎo)體制造商協(xié)會SEMATECH發(fā)布了在等離子設(shè)備故障檢測和診斷的幾種基準(zhǔn)問題4。自適應(yīng)非線性R2R控制問題被提出。模型預(yù)測適用于R2R控制并具有額外的處理能力，可以明確的設(shè)定系統(tǒng)參數(shù)19。美國德州大學(xué)奧斯汀分校，我們已經(jīng)開發(fā)（一）穩(wěn)定的條件和多變量EWMA的調(diào)整方針雙控制EWMA的計量延誤20,21，（二）多元統(tǒng)計監(jiān)測的區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定和蝕刻機52,51，（三）多元統(tǒng)計控制從光刻技術(shù)的計量數(shù)據(jù)光盤14。其他新的發(fā)展，控制和故障檢測是在最近由SEMATECH組織的SPIE會議和AEC/APC的專題討論會上由德爾卡斯蒂略和赫爾維茨15和莫恩等總結(jié)的34。制造公司，像AMD，英特爾，摩托羅拉，德州儀器和小的應(yīng)用廠商像APPLIEDMATERIALS,BROOKSPRIAUTOMATION,ANDYIELDDYNAMICS是使用APC的技術(shù)生產(chǎn)線的領(lǐng)頭人。在本文中，我們說明如何區(qū)分半導(dǎo)體類比制造工廠和化學(xué)工廠并提出一個分層優(yōu)化控制系統(tǒng)半導(dǎo)體晶圓廠控制。示意圖如圖1，這個理論是由秦和桑德曼首先提出的38。裝備水平控制涉及的工具自動反饋控制參數(shù)和小規(guī)模運行控制使用的綜合計量。第二個層次的運行控制涉及在線測量的前饋使用和反饋控制。第三個層次是島嶼控制。層次結(jié)構(gòu)的頂層是工廠全控制，這是最高級別的優(yōu)化，通過重新計算所需的最優(yōu)幾何目標(biāo)而把消耗控制在劑量較低的水平。該文件的組織如下。我們首先提出為300毫米設(shè)備和計量工具和材料處理高度自

簡介：中文中文3050字出處出處MATSUSHITAA,NAKASHIMAY,JINGUSHIS,ETALEFFECTSOFTHEFEMORALOFFSETANDTHEHEADSIZEONTHESAFERANGEOFMOTIONINTOTALHIPARTHROPLASTYJTHEJOURNALOFARTHROPLASTY,2009,244646651股骨柄偏距和股骨頭直徑對于全髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)后股骨柄偏距和股骨頭直徑對于全髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)后髖關(guān)節(jié)安全活動范圍髖關(guān)節(jié)安全活動范圍的影響的影響摘要本研究旨在量化股骨柄偏距和股骨頭直徑對于全髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)后髖關(guān)節(jié)活動范圍（RANGEOFMOTION，ROM）的影響。采用后外側(cè)手術(shù)入路，在11個尸體標(biāo)本髖關(guān)節(jié)中植入組配型全髖關(guān)節(jié)假體。研究三種不同的的股骨柄偏距和五種不同的股骨頭直徑對髖關(guān)節(jié)活動度的影響。將股骨柄偏距增至4MM和8MM時，髖關(guān)節(jié)屈曲度分別增加211°和267°，髖關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)旋度分別增加137°和212°。髖關(guān)節(jié)活動度隨股骨頭直徑的增加而增加，主要是因為增加了股骨頭的脫位行程而非延遲了撞擊。與之相比，增加股骨柄偏距的作用在于延遲了骨性結(jié)構(gòu)的撞擊。關(guān)鍵詞全髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)（THA），股骨柄偏距，股骨頭直徑，活動范圍（ROM），脫位行程。髖關(guān)節(jié)脫位是全髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)（TOTALHIPARTHROPLASTY，THA）后最常見和最重要的并發(fā)癥之一13。據(jù)報道，初次全髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)后髖關(guān)節(jié)脫位的發(fā)生率達2546。有多種因素影響術(shù)后脫位的發(fā)生。患者相關(guān)因素包括年齡、性別、有無肢體麻痹或力弱4,7。手術(shù)相關(guān)因素包括髖臼和股骨柄假體的安裝位置是否準(zhǔn)確、是否采取后側(cè)入路、軟組織的修復(fù)程度及術(shù)中體位等35,8,9。假體相關(guān)因素也與全髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)后髖關(guān)節(jié)的穩(wěn)定性相關(guān)，例如股骨頭直徑及頭頸比1013。在大多數(shù)脫位中，股骨頭脫出與假體或骨結(jié)構(gòu)的撞擊相關(guān)。因此延緩假體撞擊對于預(yù)防脫位至關(guān)重要。應(yīng)精心設(shè)計假體，減少撞擊的風(fēng)險。增大股骨頭直徑和/或增大股骨柄偏距可能對此有所幫助。已有很多研究報告了股骨頭直徑對髖關(guān)節(jié)活動范圍（RANGEOFMOTION，ROM）的影響2,4,13,14。但據(jù)我們所知，僅有少量研究關(guān)注股骨頭直徑與髖關(guān)節(jié)撞擊和脫位行程之間的關(guān)系。股骨柄偏距與髖關(guān)節(jié)活動范圍間的量化關(guān)系也未見報道。本研究中，我們通過尸體標(biāo)本研究股骨柄偏距和股骨頭直徑與全髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)后髖關(guān)節(jié)安全活動范圍之間的量化關(guān)系，同時分析股骨頭直徑對脫位行程的影響方法假體的植入在8個尸體標(biāo)本（11髖）中植入組配型全髖關(guān)節(jié)假體（PERFIXHA；JAPANMEDICALMATERIAL，OSAKA，JAPAN），全部采用后外側(cè)手術(shù)入路。手術(shù)中保留髖關(guān)節(jié)前方關(guān)節(jié)囊和臀中肌。髖臼假體外傾角固定安放為45°，髖臼和股骨柄的聯(lián)合前傾角在40°50°之間15。所有手術(shù)中使用的髖臼內(nèi)襯均不帶增高邊。股骨柄偏距和股骨頭直徑動度，直至骨盆和股骨干發(fā)生撞擊。此外，增加股骨柄偏距可以增加軟組織張力，例如臀中肌的張力，從而增加關(guān)節(jié)的穩(wěn)定性16,17。ASAYAMA等報道，增加股骨柄偏距可增加髖關(guān)節(jié)活動度，同時增加外展肌效能，在增加關(guān)節(jié)穩(wěn)定性的同時減少聚乙烯內(nèi)襯的磨損。增加股骨柄偏距，可減少步行時臀中肌的張力和做功，同時減少關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)的應(yīng)力18。這些因素都可增加髖關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)后的活動度。為了在不改變肢體長度的同時增加股骨柄偏距，必須設(shè)計小頸干角、長股骨頸的股骨柄假體。但是這種設(shè)計將導(dǎo)致假體近端折彎力矩的增加，進而增加骨皮質(zhì)的疲勞。這些不利影響可能是早期股骨柄組件松動失敗的原因之一19。DAVEY等報道，隨著股骨柄偏距的增加，股骨柄近段折彎力臂隨之增加，但由于合并應(yīng)力的減小，折彎力矩的增加很少20。因而，骨皮質(zhì)疲勞的凈增加并不大，是可以接受的。審視目前常用的假體系統(tǒng)，CPT股骨柄（ZIMMER，INC，WARSAW，IND）頸干角為125°，CENTPILLAR股骨柄（STRYKER，INC，KALAMAZOO，MICH）頸干角為127°，到目前為止，還未發(fā)現(xiàn)重大問題。當(dāng)然，還需要進一步的長期隨訪。股骨頭直徑髖關(guān)節(jié)的屈曲和內(nèi)旋范圍與股骨頭直徑大小呈正相關(guān)。股骨頭直徑由22MM增加至36MM，0°外展的情況下，髖關(guān)節(jié)的屈曲度和內(nèi)旋度分別增加了113°和100°。本研究結(jié)果與前人研究結(jié)論相一致，確認(rèn)了大直徑股骨頭的有效性2,4,14,21。增加髖關(guān)節(jié)的穩(wěn)定性可從兩個方面入手。首先，增加股骨頭直徑可增加股骨柄在髖臼內(nèi)襯中的擺動角，當(dāng)然這最終是由股骨頭頸比來決定的。D’LIMA等報道，股骨頭直徑由22MM增至32MM，活動度增加8°22。YOSHIMINE和GINBAYASHI報道，股骨頭直徑由22MM增至26MM，擺動角增加了12°23。另一方面，髖關(guān)節(jié)的撞擊不僅發(fā)生于股骨頸和髖臼內(nèi)襯之間，還發(fā)生于股骨和骨盆之間。BARTZ等報道，股骨頸和髖臼內(nèi)襯的撞擊通常發(fā)生于22MM直徑股骨頭；隨著股骨頭直徑的加大，撞擊更常見于股骨和骨盆之間24。正是由于這種股骨和骨盆之間的撞擊，使得股骨頭直徑增大對于增加髖關(guān)節(jié)活動范圍的作用不如預(yù)期明顯。BURROUGHS等也發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨著股骨頭直徑的增加，股骨和骨盆的撞擊逐漸超過了股骨頸和內(nèi)襯的撞擊14。CHANDLER等發(fā)現(xiàn)，增加股骨頭直徑延緩了股骨頸和髖臼內(nèi)襯邊緣接觸的時間，從而增加了活動范圍12。此外還發(fā)現(xiàn)，撞擊逐漸轉(zhuǎn)移至股骨和骨盆之間以及大粗隆和恥骨髂骨之間，限制了內(nèi)旋和屈曲。如果發(fā)生了骨性撞擊，那么繼續(xù)增加股骨頭直徑對增加髖關(guān)節(jié)活動度不再起作用。本研究結(jié)果表明，股骨頭直徑由22MM增至26MM和由28MM增至32MM時，活動度分別增加了10°和8°。這一結(jié)果同時顯示，使用大直徑股骨頭時，骨性撞擊超過了假體撞擊。其次，使用大直徑股骨頭增加了自撞擊發(fā)生至脫位的距離（即脫位行程，圖6），進而增加了髖關(guān)節(jié)活動度。本研究符合這一觀點。當(dāng)股骨頭直徑由22MM增至36MM時，脫位行程由68°增加至211°，同時觀察到髖關(guān)節(jié)活動度的增加。SCIFERT等應(yīng)用有限元分析發(fā)

簡介：1沈陽理工大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文附錄A34

簡介：景觀設(shè)計風(fēng)格和園林價值保護之間的關(guān)系德國魏瑪歷史公園的案例研究景觀設(shè)計風(fēng)格和園林價值保護之間的關(guān)系德國魏瑪歷史公園的案例研究MARTINKüMMERLING,NORBERTMüLLER景觀管理與生態(tài)恢復(fù)部門以及URBIO總公司，德國埃爾福特應(yīng)用技術(shù)大學(xué)關(guān)鍵詞生物多樣性；歷史公園；園藝；城市公園；植被；摘要城市公園可以通過被引入植物的種植成為入侵源。另一方面，城市公園作為生物多樣性的熱點地區(qū)，可以支持保護瀕危和罕見的分類單元。即使歷史城市公園首先被評估為遺產(chǎn)，但它們依然為生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和積極的審美以及社會價值服務(wù)。雖然在歐洲有許多研究是關(guān)于設(shè)計的，公園的哲學(xué)和歷史背景就像生物多樣性的研究一樣，幾乎沒有研究提出景觀設(shè)計原則如何影響了公園的生物保護價值。因為在歐洲，公園的景觀風(fēng)格是一個最具影響力的歷史景觀設(shè)計風(fēng)格，我們將我們的研究集中在德國魏瑪?shù)摹耙翣柲泛优瞎珗@”。它創(chuàng)建于18世紀(jì)晚期，并且在1998年被聯(lián)合國教科文組織列為世界遺產(chǎn)的一部分。我們的研究問題是1哪些設(shè)計原則、植物原料和技術(shù)實施被使用在創(chuàng)建和管理公園的過程中2對于公園的生物保護尤其是瀕危植物物種和棲息地的保護來說，當(dāng)前什么才是具有價值的3設(shè)計原則和現(xiàn)代公園的價值之間是什么關(guān)系我們將我們的結(jié)果與類似的公園景觀做一對比，并對未來可持續(xù)的公園設(shè)計和公園恢復(fù)管理給出建議。我們的研究問題是1哪些設(shè)計原則、植物原料和技術(shù)實施被使用在創(chuàng)建和管理公園的過程中2對于公園的生物保護尤其是瀕危植物物種和棲息地的保護來說，當(dāng)前什么才是具有價值的3設(shè)計原則和現(xiàn)代公園的價值之間是什么關(guān)系我們將我們的結(jié)果與類似的公園景觀做一對比，并對未來可持續(xù)的公園設(shè)計和公園恢復(fù)管理給出建議。22研究地點研究地點“伊爾姆河畔公園”坐落在德國中部的魏瑪（215MASL），公園的起源可以追溯到1778年。對于許多歐洲的歷史公園來說，“伊爾姆河畔公園”是建在以前的一個規(guī)整花園的位置上（幾何式的），它被設(shè)計在卡爾奧格斯特公爵的宮殿旁邊。當(dāng)時公園位于魏瑪?shù)慕紖^(qū)，1860年魏瑪城開始擴展，公園便開始位于城市邊界內(nèi)。在魏瑪公爵的城市宮殿、北部的城市中心、現(xiàn)在OBERWEIMAR的SUBURBANISED村以及南方的高級住宅區(qū)之間，公園形成了伊爾姆河的泛濫平原的一部分（圖一為公園概況）。它周長15公里，占地約048平方公里。泛濫平原的土壤是沖積土，山谷兩邊所包含的鈣質(zhì)材料就像KEUPER和含有石灰物質(zhì)的貝殼。

簡介：MPPTALGORITHMIMPLEMENTATIONFORSOLARPHOTOVOLTAICMODULEUSINGMICROCONTROLLERBRSANJEEVAREDDYASSOCPROFESSOR,DEPTOFECE,BVRIT,JNTUH,HYDERABAD,INDIAEMAILSANJEEVREDDYYAHOOCOMPBADARINARAYANAPROJECTMANAGER,RVOLUME21,ISSUE1200149552ROBERTOFARANDA,SONIALEVA“ENERGYCOMPARISONOFMPPTTECHNIQUESFORPVSYSTEM,”WEASTRANSCTIONONPOWERSYSTEMS,ISSN17905060,ISSUE6,VOLUME3,JUNE20083MESSENGER,ROGERJERRYVENTRE,“PHOTOVOLTAICSYSTEMSENGG”,2NDEDITION,CRCPRESS,20054HTTP//WWWSOLARSEMICONDUCTORCOM/ASIA/SSIM6PDF5NMOHAN,TMUNDELAND,ANDWPROBBINS,“POWERELECTRONICSCONVERTERS,APPLICATIONSANDDESIGN,”JOHNWILEYSONS,INC,NY,20036LUISCASTAFLER,SANTIAGOSILVERSTRE,“MODELINGPHOTOVOLTAICSYSTEMSUSINGPSPICE,”JOHNWILEYANDSONS,JAN2003

簡介：APPLIEDOCEANRESEARCH342012173–186CONTENTSLISTSAVAILABLEATSCIENCEDIRECTAPPLIEDOCEANRESEARCHJOURNALHOMEPAGEWWWELSEVIERCOM/LOCATE/APORNUMERICALMODELLINGOFREGULARWAVESLAMMINGONSUBFACEOFOPENPILEDSTRUCTURESWITHTHECORRECTEDSPHMETHODRUIGAO,BINGREN?,GUOYUWANG,YONGXUEWANGDALIANUNIVERSITYOFTECHNOLOGY,DALIAN116023,LIAONING,CHINAARTICLEINFOARTICLEHISTORYRECEIVED13FEBRUARY2011RECEIVEDINREVISEDFORM31JULY2011ACCEPTED6AUGUST2011AVAILABLEONLINE6SEPTEMBER2011KEYWORDSSPHWAVESLAMMINGNUMERICALFLUMEABSTRACTTHEPAPERPRESENTSA2DSPHNUMERICALFLUMETOINVESTIGATEREGULARWAVESLAMMINGONANOPENPILEDSTRUCTURETHEMODELEMPLOYSCSPMANDRIEMANNSOLUTIONTODISCRETIZETHENAVIER–STOKESEQUATIONSSOLIDBOUNDARIESARESIMULATEDBYWALLPARTICLESTHEPRESSUREOFTHESEDUMMYPARTICLESISDETERMINEDBYACOUPLINGAPPROACH,WHICHCANKEEPTHEPRESSUREFIELDMORESTABLENEARTHEBOUNDARIESINADDITION,ANIMPROVEDWALLPARTICLESTREATMENTISUSEDFORACCURATETRACKINGOFIMPACTINGCHARACTERISTICSAROUNDTHESTRUCTURETHEN,THEIMPROVEDSPHMODELISEMPLOYEDTOSIMULATEREGULARWAVEIMPACTINGONTHESUBFACEOFTHESTRUCTURETHEMAINFEATURESOFVELOCITYFIELDANDPRESSUREFIELDNEARTHESTRUCTUREAREPRESENTEDANDTHEMODELISVALIDATEDAGAINSTTHEEXPERIMENTALDATAANDARELATIVEGOODAGREEMENTISOBSERVED?2011ELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVED1INTRODUCTIONTHEIMPACTINGFORCESCAUSEDBYWAVESLAMMINGGIVERISETOLOCALIZEDDAMAGEANDFATIGUEPROBLEMSFORSTRUCTURALELEMENTSSUCHASOILPLATFORMSLOCATEDINTHESPLASHZONEOVERTHEPASTFEWDECADES,WITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFNUMERICALTECHNIQUEFORTREATINGARBITRARYFREESURFACE,THEVOFTECHNIQUEHASBEENWIDELYADOPTEDINAVARIETYOFENGINEERINGAPPLICATIONSINVOLVINGTHENUMERICALSIMULATIONOFWAVEIMPACTINGONOFFSHORESTRUCTURESFOREXAMPLE,THEIMPACTINGPRESSURESAREINVESTIGATEDDUETOWAVESLAMMINGONSUBFACEOFOPENPILEDSTRUCTURESINTHESPLASHZONEUNDERINCOMINGSOLITARYWAVES,LINEARWAVES,CNOIDALWAVESANDRANDOMWAVES1ATWODIMENSIONALNUMERICALMODELFSWL2DANDATHREEDIMENSIONALNUMERICALMODELFSWL3DFORTHESIMULATIONOFWAVESLAMMINGWITHTHEVOFMETHOD2AREPRESENTEDANDCOMPAREDWITHTHETHEORETICALRESULTS3AREGULARWAVEANDRANDOMWAVEIMPACTINGNUMERICALMODELISDEVELOPEDUSINGTHEVOFMETHODCOMBINEDWITHALOCALHEIGHTFUNCTION4BASEDONKLEEFSMAN’SMODEL,THEIMPACTINGLOADSONJACKETTYPESTRUCTURESCAUSEDBYHEADONANDOBLIQUEWAVESISDISCUSSEDANDCOMPAREDWITHTHEAIPMETHOD5HOWEVER,THEABOVEGIRDBASEDMETHODSHAVEDIFFICULTIESSOLVINGPROBLEMSOFLARGEDEFORMATIONFREESURFACEFLOWS,SUCHASWAVEBREAKINGANDIMPACTING,WHICHREQUIREEXPENSIVEREMESHINGALGORITHMSORLOCALGRIDREFINEMENTSMOOTHEDPARTICLEHYDRODYNAMICSISAMESHFREE,LAGRANGIAN,PARTICLEMETHOD,WHICHISPARTICULARLYSUITEDTOTHESOLUTIONANDMODELLINGOFLARGESCALE,COMPLEXFREE?CORRESPONDINGAUTHOREMAILADDRESSBRENDLUTEDUCNBRENSURFACEFLUIDFLOWSTHETECHNIQUEHASBEENAPPLIEDTO2DFREESURFACEFLOWS,INCLUDINGTHEDAMBREAKPROBLEM,ABORE,ANDWAVESSHOALINGONABEACH6ALSO,THERUNUPOFSOLITARYWAVESANDTHEFLOWAROUNDTHEWAVEMAKERINSCOTTRUSSELL’SEXPERIMENTALAPPARATUSFORPRODUCINGSOLITARYWAVESAREANALYZED7,8ASPHLESMODEL9ISPROPOSEDTOSIMULATESOLITARYWAVESPROPAGATIONINSHALLOWWATERWITHTHEPROCESSESOFWAVESHOALING,BREAKINGTHEMETHODISALSOAUSEFULTOOLFORANALYZINGTHEFORCESGENERATEDBYWAVEOVERTOPPINGONTHEDECKSOFOFFSHORESTRUCTURES10SINCESEVERALMETHODSAREDEVELOPEDTOTACKLESOLIDBOUNDARY11,12,ALOTOFRECENTSUCCESSFULAPPLICATIONSOFSPHTOVARIOUSSLOSHINGHAVEBEENPUBLISHEDITISAPPLIEDTOTHEPROBLEMOFMODELLINGSLOSHINGINATWODIMENSIONALWATERMODELTHATISAREPRESENTATIONOFASCALEDLNGTANK13THESLOSHINGMOMENTAMPLITUDESINARECTANGULARTANKFORAWIDERANGEOFROLLINGFREQUENCIESAREINVESTIGATEDUSINGSPHMETHOD14ANDALSOTHESPHRESULTOFTHEIMPACTPRESSUREINTHECASEOFSHALLOWWATERSLOSHINGFORFORCEDROLLINGMOTIONISCOMPAREDWITHEXPERIMENTALRESULT15INADDITION,ANIMPROVEDINCOMPRESSIBLESPHISPHMETHODISPRESENTEDASANATTEMPTTOPREDICTTHEIMPACTINGPRESSURESINSLOSHINGPROBLEMS16THEAPPLICATIONOFSPHTOAWIDERANGEOFPROBLEMSHASLEDTOSIGNIFICANTEXTENSIONSANDIMPROVEMENTSOFORIGINALSPHMETHODTHEPROBLEMSOFCONSISTENCYANDACCURACYOFTHESPHMETHODAREADDRESSED17BECAUSEOFTHEDEFICIENCYOFTHEINTEGRALDOMAINNEARTHEFREESURFACEBOUNDARY,THESUMMATIONOFTHEKERNELFUNCTIONDOESNOTEQUALTO1ANYMORE,WHICHCOULDINTRODUCEERRORSINTOTHECOMPUTEDRESULTSBASEDONTHEKERNELRENORMALIZATION,ACORRECTEDSMOOTHEDPARTICLEMETHODCSPMISPROPOSEDTOIMPROVETHESIMULATIONACCURACYBOTHINSIDETHEPROBLEMDOMAINANDAROUNDTHEBOUNDARYAREAANDTHEMODELISSUCCESSFULLYAPPLIEDTOSIMULATETHE1DBARAND2DPLANESTRESSPROBLEMS15INSPITE01411187/–SEEFRONTMATTER?2011ELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVEDDOI101016/JAPOR201108002RGAOETAL/APPLIEDOCEANRESEARCH342012173–186175FIG2PARTICLESCONFIGURATIONANDPRESSUREFIELDSD06M,T12S,H015M??????XXJ?W?XZ?ZJ?W?X??XXJ?W?ZZ?ZJ?W?Z????????F?X?F?Z??????????FRJ?FR??F?X???FRJ?FR??F?Z????10THECSPMHASBEENSHOWNTOBEVERYEFFECTIVEFORTHECORRECTIONOFORIGINALSPHMETHOD,ASSHOWNINTHELITERATURES23,24HOWEVER,FORSHOCKTREATMENTINHYDRODYNAMICPROBLEMS,THERIEMANNSOLVERMUSTBETAKENINTOACCOUNTTORECOVERTHENUMERICALINSTABILITYRECENTLY,ARIEMANNSPHMETHODISCONFIRMEDTOHAVEFIG3COMPARISONOFTIMEHISTORYOFPRESSUREBETWEENTWOBOUNDARYTREATMENTSD06M,T12S,H015MGOODSHOCKTREATMENTCAPABILITIES16THEN,THERIEMANNCSPMHYDRODYNAMICGOVERNINGEQUATIONSCANBEWRITTENASFOLLOWSD?IDT2?IN?J1MJ?JURI?URIJ?IWN?J1RJ?RI??IWIJMJ?J11DUIDT?N?J1MJP?IJ/?I?J?WIJ/?XIN?J1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簡介：DESIGNANDIMPLEMENTATIONOFREMOTEMONITORINGSYSTEMBASEDONGSMCHENPEIJIANG,JIANGXUEHUASCHOOLOFENGINEERING,LINYINORMALUNIVERSITY,LINYI,SHANDONG,276000,CHINACHENPEIJIANG163COMABSTRACTBECAUSETHEWIRELESSREMOTEMONITORINGSYSTEMHASMOREANDMOREAPPLICATION,AREMOTEMONITORINGSYSTEMBASEDONSMSOFGSMISPRESENTEDBASEDONTHETOTALDESIGNOFTHESYSTEM,THEHARDWAREANDSOFTWAREOFTHESYSTEMISDESIGNEDINTHISSYSTEM,GSMNETWORKISAMEDIUMFORTRANSMITTINGTHEREMOTESIGNALTHESYSTEMINCLUDESTWOPARTSWHICHARETHEMONITORINGCENTERANDTHEREMOTEMONITORINGSTATIONTHEMONITORINGCENTERCONSISTSOFACOMPUTERANDATC35COMMUNICATIONMODULEOFGSMTHECOMPUTERANDTC35ARECONNECTEDBYRS232THEREMOTEMONITORINGSTATIONINCLUDESATC35COMMUNICATIONMODULEOFGSM,AMSP430F149MCU,ADISPLAYUNIT,VARIOUSSENSORS,DATAGATHERINGANDPROCESSINGUNITTHESOFTWAREOFTHEMONITORINGCENTERANDTHEREMOTEMONITORINGSTATIONISDESIGNEDBYUSINGVBTHERESULTOFDEMONSTRATIONSHOWSTHATTHESYSTEMCANMONITORANDCONTROLTHEREMOTECOMMUNICATIONBETWEENTHEMONITORINGCENTERANDTHEREMOTEMONITORINGSTATION,ANDTHEREMOTEMONITORINGFUNCTIONISREALIZED1INTRODUCTIONREMOTEMONITORINGISONLINEREALTIMEMONITORINGANDCONTROLLINGTHEFIELDEQUIPMENT,ANDTRANSMITTINGTHEREALTIMEPICTUREANDTESTDATATOTHETERMINALTOFORECASTORDIAGNOSE1THEREMOTEMONITORINGSYSTEMISAEFFECTIVEMETHODTOOBTAIN,ANALYZE,TRANSMIT,MANAGEANDFEEDBACKTHEREMOTEGOALINFORMATION,ANDITCOMBINESTHEMOSTADVANCEDSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYFIELDOFSATELLITEPOSITIONINGTECHNOLOGY,COMMUNICATIONTECHNOLOGY,INTERNETTECHNOLOGYANDOTHERAREAS,ANDITISTHECOMPREHENSIVEUSAGEOFINSTRUMENTATION,ELECTRONICTECHNOLOGY,MODERNCOMMUNICATIONSTECHNOLOGY,COMPUTERSOFTWAREANDSOONACCORDINGTOTHETRANSMISSIONMETHODSOFMONITORINGINFORMATION,THEREMOTEMONITORINGSYSTEMCANBEDIVIDEDINTOTWOKINDS,WIREDANDWIRELESSWIREDMONITORINGSYSTEMCANBEUSEDFORTHESITUATIONWHICHHASHIGHREALTIMEPERFORMANCE,LARGEQUANTITYOFDATA,CENTRALIZEDCONTROLLINGFIELDSWIRELESSMONITORINGISSUITABLEFORTHEOCCASIONWHICHHASRANDOMMONITORINGSCOPE,DIFFICULTWIRING,SMALLDATA,LOWREALTIMEREQUIREMENTANDSOONGSMISADIGITALMOBILECOMMUNICATIONNETWORKWHICHDEVELOPSRAPIDLYINRECENTYEARSSHORTMESSAGESERVICEOFGSMISAVALUEADDEDSERVICEBASEDONDATAPACKETSWITCHINGPROVIDEDBYMOBILECOMMUNICATIONCOMPANYUSINGGSMNETWORKBESIDESOFALLSORTSOFTELECOMMUNICATIONSERVICESANDBEARERSERVICESBASEDONTHECIRCUITSWITCHED2BECAUSETHEGSMNETWORKCANBEINTERCONNECTEDANDROAMEDALLOVERTHECOUNTRY,ITHASSTRONGNETWORKABILITY,THEUSERSHASNONEEDTOORGANIZEANOTHERNETWORKTHECOVERAGEOFTHENETWORKISIMPROVEDANDTHEEXPENSIVENETWORKBUILDINGANDMAINTENANCECOSTCANBESAVEDFORUSERS3ATTHESAMETIME,THENUMBEROFITSUSERSISNOTLIMITEDWIRELESSCOMMUNICATIONOFUSINGGSMHASSOMEFEATURESSUCHASTWOWAYDATATRANSMISSIONFUNCTION,STABLEPERFORMANCEANDSOONGSMNETWORKPROVIDESASTRONGPLATFORMFORREMOTEDATATRANSMISSIONANDMONITORINGTHECOMMUNICATIONOFEQUIPMENT,ANTITISANIMPORTANTMETHODOFWIRELESSREMOTEMONITORINGSYSTEMTHEPAPERUSESSMSASAMETHODOFINFORMATIONTRANSMISSION,THECOLLECTEDDATAOFTHEREMOTEMONITORINGSTATIONISTRANSMITTEDTOTHECENTRALMONITORINGSTATIONBYMEANSOFTHESMSTHROUGHTHEGSMNETWORKTHECENTRALSTATIONANALYZESTHEDATAANDSENDSTHECONTROLLINGORDERSTOTHEREMOTESTATIONSINTHESAMEWAYTHUSTHEREMOTEMONITORINGFUNCTIONBETWEENTHEMONITORINGCENTRALSTATIONANDTHEREMOTEMONITORINGSTATIONISREALIZED2STRUCTUREOFTHEREMOTEMONITORINGSYSTEMBASEDONGSM21STRUCTUREOFTHEREMOTEMONITORINGSYSTEMTHESYSTEMISMAINLYCOMPOSEDOFTHECENTRALMONITORINGSTATION,REMOTEMONITORINGSTATIONANDGSMNETWORKCENTRALMONITORINGSTATIONISDIVIDEDOFMONITORINGCENTRALSERVERANDGSMMODEM,ANDTHEREMOTEMONITORINGSTATIONISDIVIDEDBYMSP430F149MCU,PERIPHERALCIRCUITANDGSMMODEMTHEWIRELESSREMOTECOMMUNICATIONBETWEENCENTRALMONITORINGSTATIONANDREMOTEMONITORINGSTATIONISREALIZEDBYTHEGSMNETWORK,ANDTHEREMOTEMONITORINGSYSTEMBASED2008IEEEPACIFICASIAWORKSHOPONCOMPUTATIONALINTELLIGENCEANDINDUSTRIALAPPLICATION9780769534909/082500?2008IEEEDOI101109/PACIIA20081956782008IEEEPACIFICASIAWORKSHOPONCOMPUTATIONALINTELLIGENCEANDINDUSTRIALAPPLICATION9780769534909/082500?2008IEEEDOI101109/PACIIA20081956802008IEEEPACIFICASIAWORKSHOPONCOMPUTATIONALINTELLIGENCEANDINDUSTRIALAPPLICATION9780769534909/082500?2008IEEEDOI101109/PACIIA2008195678ATCPIN“XXXX”32SOFTWAREDESIGNOFCENTRALMONITORINGSTATIONTHEDEVELOPINGTOOLOFTHEPROGRAMDESIGNOFCENTRALMONITORINGSTATIONISVISUALBASIC60,ANDTHESOFTWAREINCLUDESTHECONTROLLINGINTERFACEANDINITIALIZATIONPROGRAMOFMONITORINGCENTER,THEPROGRAMOFACCEPTINGANDSENDINGSHORTMESSAGES,DATAPROCESSINGANDPRESERVINGPROGRAMTHEMOSTOFIMPORTANTOFTHOSEISTHESERIALCOMMUNICATIONBETWEENTHECENTRALMONITORINGCENTERSERVERSANDGSMWIRELESSCOMMUNICATIONSMODULETC35,ANDTHECOMMUNICATIONISTHEKEYOFACCEPTINGANDSENDINGSHORTMESSAGEVISUALBASIC60PROVIDESASERIALCOMMUNICATIONCONTROLMSCOMMWHICHCANFACILITATETHEREALIZATIONOFSERIALCOMMUNICATIONTHESOFTWAREDESIGNTASKSOFTHECENTRALMONITORINGSTATIONINCLUDESENDINGINSTRUCTIONSSTOREMOTEMONITORINGSTATIONSINTHEFORMOFSHORTMESSAGE,ACCEPTINGTHEMONITORINGDATAFROMTHEREMOTEMONITORINGSTATIONSINTHEFORMOFSHORTMESSAGE,STOREANDDEALWITHDATABASE,ANDPRINTHISTORICALDATAADOPTINGVBTODESIGNTHESOFTWAREOFCENTRALMONITORINGSTATIONHASMANYADVANTAGESFOREXAMPLE,ITHASAGOODMANMACHINEINTERFACE,ITCANPROVIDESERIALCOMMUNICATIONCONTROLMSCOMMWHIC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簡介：EXPERIMENTALSTUDYONTHEPACKINGOFUNIFORMSPHERESUNDERTHREEDIMENSIONALVIBRATIONCXLIA,XZANA,?,RYYANGB,RPZOUB,ABYUBASCHOOLOFMATERIALSANDMETALLURGY,NORTHEASTERNUNIVERSITY,SHENYANG110004,PRCHINABLABORATORYFORSIMULATIONANDMODELINGOFPARTICULATESYSTEM,SCHOOLOFMATERIALSSCIENCEANDENGINEERING,UNIVERSITYOFNEWSOUTHWALES,SYDNEY2052,AUSTRALIAABSTRACTARTICLEINFOARTICLEHISTORYRECEIVED27AUGUST2010RECEIVEDINREVISEDFORM8DECEMBER2010ACCEPTED31DECEMBER2010AVAILABLEONLINE15JANUARY2011KEYWORDSPARTICLEPACKINGDENSIFICATION3DVIBRATIONPACKINGDENSITYBATCHWISEFEEDINGDENSIFICATIONOFMONOSIZEDSPHEREPACKINGSUNDERTHREEDIMENSIONAL3DVIBRATIONISEXPERIMENTALLYSTUDIEDTHEEFFECTSOFANOPERATIONALCONDITION,SUCHASVIBRATIONAMPLITUDEANDFREQUENCYANDFEEDINGMETHOD,ONPACKINGDENSITYARESYSTEMATICALLYINVESTIGATEDTHERESULTSINDICATETHATTHEDENSEPACKINGSCANBEACHIEVEDBYPROPERCONTROLOFBOTHVIBRATIONAMPLITUDEANDFREQUENCYTHEFEEDINGMETHODPLAYSANIMPORTANTROLEINDENSIFICATIONHIGHERPACKINGDENSITIESCANBEOBTAINEDWHENTHENUMBEROFPARTICLESFEDPERBATCHISLESSTHANONELAYERPACKINGDENSITYDECREASESWITHINCREASINGNUMBEROFPARTICLESFEDPERBATCH,BUTKEEPSCONSTANTWHENTHENUMBEROFPARTICLESPERBATCHISLARGERTHANTHREELAYERSTHROUGHTHEEXTRAPOLATIONONPACKINGDENSITYOBTAINEDFROMDIFFERENTSIZEDCONTAINERS,THEMAXIMUMPACKINGDENSITYIS069FORTHETOTALFEEDINGMETHODAND074FORTHEBATCHWISEFEEDINGUNDERTHEPRESENTEXPERIMENTALCONDITIONTHEFORMATIONOFORDEREDSTRUCTUREISDISCUSSEDBASEDONTHEPARTICLEINTERLAYERDIFFUSION?2011ELSEVIERBVALLRIGHTSRESERVED1INTRODUCTIONPARTICLEPACKINGISANIMPORTANTSUBJECTINSCIENTIFICRESEARCHANDINDUSTRIALAPPLICATIONS1–7THREEREPRODUCIBLESTATESCANBEIDENTIFIEDINTERMSOFPACKINGDENSITY2,9–12RANDOMLOOSEPACKINGRLP,Ρ≤060,RANDOMCLOSEPACKINGRCP,Ρ064ANDORDEREDFCCFACECENTEREDCUBICORHCPHEXAGONALCLOSEDPACKEDPACKINGSΡ07405THESESTATESANDTHEIRCORRELATIONTRANSITION,ASINDICATEDINAPHASEDIAGRAM13,ATTRACTINCREASINGINTERESTSVIBRATIONISACOMMONMETHODTOACHIEVETHETRANSITIONFROMLOOSETODENSEPACKINGS,ANDMANYEFFORTSHAVEBEENSPENTINTHISAREA2,8–11,14–24WERECENTLYCARRIEDOUTASYSTEMATICSTUDYOFTHEDENSIFICATIONOFMONOSIZEDSPHERESUNDERVIBRATIONINTHEVERTICALDIRECTIONTHEEFFECTSOFVIBRATIONCONDITIONANDFEEDINGMETHODWEREINVESTIGATEDTHEMAXIMUMPACKINGDENSITYCANREACH0636INTHETOTALFEEDINGMETHODAND0663USINGTHEBATCHWISEFEEDINGMETHOD,INDICATINGDIFFERENTDENSIFICATIONMECHANISMSPREVIOUSSTUDIES,HOWEVER,LARGELYFOCUSEDONONEDIMENSIONAL1DVIBRATION,ANDTHEMAXIMUMPACKINGDENSITYOBTAINEDISSTILLRELATIVELYLOW064–066DEPENDINGONTHEFEEDINGMETHODHOWTOACHIEVEPHYSICALLYTHETRANSITIONFROMADISORDEREDRANDOMTOANORDEREDREGULARSTRUCTUREISSTILLANOPENQUESTION25,26EARLIERWORKCONDUCTEDBYOWEBERGETAL15ONPACKINGSOFMONOSIZEDSTEELBALLBEARINGSINDICATEDTHAT3DVIBRATIONSCANPRODUCEANEARLYPERFECTHCPSTRUCTUREWHILETHEIRVIBRATIONCONDITIONSARENOTQUITECLEAR,THEIRRESULTSINDICATEDTHAT3DMECHANICALVIBRATIONISANEFFECTIVEWAYTOOBTAINMUCHHIGHERPACKINGDENSITYSOMESTUDIESHAVEALSOCLAIMEDTOACHIEVEORDEREDPACKINGS12,15,27–33NEARLYALLOFTHEMWEREONTHENUMERICALBASISORUNDERSPECIALPACKINGCONDITIONSINPHYSICALEXPERIMENTSEG,PACKINGSPHERESMANUALLYSYSTEMATICANALYSISOFVIBRATEDDENSIFICATIONOFEQUALSPHERESUNDER3DVIBRATIONINPHYSICALEXPERIMENTSHASNOTBEENCARRIEDOUTTHISPAPERISTOSYSTEMATICALLYSTUDYTHEDENSIFICATIONOFSPHEREPACKINGUNDER3DVIBRATIONTHEROLESOFVIBRATIONPARAMETERSSUCHASAMPLITUDEAANDFREQUENCYΩ,CONTAINERSIZEANDFEEDINGMETHODWILLBEINVESTIGATEDTHEFOCUSESOFTHISWORKARETOREPRODUCEPHYSICALLYTHETRANSITIONFROMADISORDEREDTOANORDEREDSTATEANDTOIDENTIFYTHEFORMEDORDEREDSTRUCTUREANDDENSIFICATIONMECHANISM2EXPERIMENTALMETHODANDCONDITIONSTHEPHYSICALEXPERIMENTSWERECARRIEDOUTUSINGA3DVIBRATIONDEVICEASSHOWNINFIG1THISSETUPISABLETOVIBRATEINDEPENDENTLYINTHREEDIRECTIONSWITHDIFFERENTAMPLITUDESANDFREQUENCIESTHEVIBRATIONSINTHREEDIRECTIONSAREDRIVENBYTHREEMOTORSWHOSEAMPLITUDESANDFREQUENCIESCANBECONTROLLEDINDEPENDENTLYBYCAMSANDTRANSDUCERSINTHISWORK,WEEMPLOYEDTHESAMEAANDΩINTHETHREEVIBRATIONDIRECTIONS,SOTHEPHASEDIFFERENCEISZEROINTHREECOMPONENTSANDTHEMOVEMENTISINASTRAIGHTLINEUNDERTHISCONDITION,ITISCONSIDEREDTHATTHEPHASEANGLEOFVIBRATIONHASNOEFFECTTHEEXPERIMENTALPROCEDUREWASASFOLLOWSFIRST,GLASSBEADSOFDIAMETERD502MM±0065ANDCONTAINERSMADEOFPMMAMATERIALWERECLEANEDUSINGDISTILLEDWATERANDDRIEDINANOVENAT60°CTHENPOWDERTECHNOLOGY2082011617–622?CORRESPONDINGAUTHORROOM202,METALLURGYBUILDING,SCHOOLOFMATERIALSANDMETALLURGY,NORTHEASTERNUNIVERSITY,SHENYANG110004,LIAONING,PRCHINATEL862483686465FAX862423906316EMAILADDRESSANXZMAILNEUEDUCNXZAN00325910/–SEEFRONTMATTER?2011ELSEVIERBVALLRIGHTSRESERVEDDOI101016/JPOWTEC201012029CONTENTSLISTSAVAILABLEATSCIENCEDIRECTPOWDERTECHNOLOGYJOURNALHOMEPAGEWWWELSEVIERCOM/LOCATE/POWTECΩTOHAVETHEDENSEPACKINGSIMILAREFFECTSOFAONΡHAVEALSOBEENIDENTIFIEDINOURPREVIOUSNUMERICALANDPHYSICALWORK10,11,33THEREFORE,PROPERCHOICEOFAANDΩISTHEKEYTOACHIEVINGTHEDENSESTPACKINGTHECOMBINEDINFLUENCEOFAANDΩONΡISSHOWNINFIG5,INDICATINGTHATAHIGHERPACKINGDENSITYCANBEOBTAINEDWITHRELATIVELYSMALLERAANDLARGERΩORVICEVERSAITISKNOWNTHATTHECOMBINEDEFFECTOFAANDΩCANBEASCRIBEDTOVIBRATIONINTENSITYANINDICATIONOFTHEPEAKACCELERATIONDEFINEDASΓAΩ2VARIATIONSINEITHERAORΩGIVEDIFFERENTVIBRATIONINTENSITIESΓ,WHICHCREATESEFFECTSONVIBRATEDCOMPACTIONALARGERΓNOTONLYACCELERATESTHEREARRANGEMENTOFPARTICLESDURINGDENSIFICATION,BUTALSOELIMINATESTHE“BRIDGE”O(jiān)R“ARCH”STRUCTUREFORMEDINTHEINITIALPACKINGHOWEVER,IFΓISTOOHIGH,THERESULTEDHIGHVIBRATIONINTENSITYWILLOVEREXCITEPARTICLES,WHICHHASNEGATIVEEFFECTSONTHEFORMATIONOFADENSESTRUCTURETHEVARIATIONOFPACKINGDENSITYWITHΓINFIG6INDICATESTHATDENSEPACKINGCANBEFORMEDWHENΓISBETWEEN08GAND15G,WHICHISNARROWERTHANTHATINTHECASEOF1DVIBRATEDPACKING11ALSODIFFERENTPACKINGDENSITIESCANBEOBTAINEDEVENIFΓHASTHESAMEVALUE,WHICHCONFIRMEDOURPREVIOUSFINDINGSTHATΓCANNOTBEUSEDTOCHARACTERIZEPACKINGDENSIFICATION,INSTEADAANDΩORΓANDAORΩSHOULDBESEPARATELYCONSIDERED10,11312EFFECTOFCONTAINERSIZEINADDITIONTOTHEEFFECTOFVIBRATIONCONDITION,CONTAINERSIZECANALSOCREATEASIGNIFICANTEFFECTONΡFIG7SHOWSTHEFINALPACKINGDENSITYOBTAINEDWITHDIFFERENTSIZEDCONTAINERSITCANBESEENTHATTHEEXTRAPOLATEDPACKINGDENSITIESFORINFINITESIZEDCONTAINERAREHIGHERTHANTHEPACKINGDENSITYOFRCPAROUND064,INDICATINGTHAT3DVIBRATIONISASIMPLEWAYTOREALIZEAMUCHDENSERPACKINGCOMPAREDWITH1DVIBRATIONFROMTHECONTAINERWALL,WECOULDOBSERVETHEPARTIALLYORDEREDSTRUCTUREINTHEFINALPACKINGS,WHICHINDICATESTHATTHEPACKINGSARENOLONGERCOMPLETELYRANDOM32VIBRATIONWITHBATCHWISEFEEDING321EFFECTOFNUMBEROFPARTICLESPERBATCHINTHEBATCHWISEFEEDING,THENUMBEROFPARTICLESINABATCHNBPLAYSANIMPORTANTROLEINTHEDENSIFICATIONFIG8INDICATESTHATPACKINGDENSITYΡDECREASESWITHNBFORDIFFERENTVIBRATIONFREQUENCIESTHEREIS020304050607080910057205850598061106240637065006630676PACKINGDENSITYAMPLITUDE,DΩ30RAD/SΩ50RAD/SΩ55RAD/SΩ60RAD/SΩ65RAD/SΩ80RAD/SFIG4AMPLITUDEEFFECTSONPACKINGDENSITYWITHDIFFERENTFREQUENCIES,WHERED22970MMFIG5COMBINEDINFLUENCEOFAMPLITUDEANDFREQUENCYONPACKINGDENSITY,WHERED22970MM000306091215182124060061062063064065066067068A02DA04DA06DA08DA10DPACKINGDENSITYVIBRATIONINTENSITY,GFIG6VIBRATIONINTENSITYEFFECTSONPACKINGDENSITYWITHDIFFERENTAMPLITUDESANDFREQUENCIES,WHERED22970MM00100200300400500600706440651065806650672067906860693Ρ05545X06890Ρ04871X06842Ρ05913X06826Ρ05238X06777Ρ04673X06730PACKINGDENSITYD/DFIG7EXTRAPOLATIONOFPACKINGDENSITYTOAVOIDCONTAINERWALLEFFECTSINTOTALFEEDING,WHERE□,A02D,Ω120RAD/S●,A04D,Ω70RAD/S△,A06D,Ω55RAD/S○,A08D,Ω50RAD/SANDA10D,Ω45RAD/SEACHEQUATIONINSIDEISTHELINEARFITFORPACKINGUNDERVIBRATIONS,WHEREXD/D619CXLIETAL/POWDERTECHNOLOGY2082011617–622

簡介：ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCEEARTHOBSERVATIONSATELLITESWWWELSEVIERNL/LOCATE/ENVSCI1INTRODUCTIONENVIRONMENTALIMPACTASSESSMENTSEIASARECONSIDEREDASIMPORTANTTOOLSFORTHEASSESSMENTOFTHEIMPACTSINDUCEDBYHUMANACTIVITIESEIASSUPPORTTHEDEFINITIONOFTHESTATEOFTHEENVIRONMENT,THEESTIMATIONOFTHESEVERITYOFTHEIMPACTS,WHICHMAYRESULTDUETOACONSTRUCTIONWORK,ANDTHEPLANNINGOFTHENECESSARYMEASURESFORREDUCINGTHEIMPACTSASWELLASFORMONITORINGENVIRONMENTALIMPACTSEIASWEREINSTITUTEDINUSAIN1970WITHTHENATIONALLAWOFNATIONALENVIRONMENTALPOLICYACTCANADAANDFRANCEFOLLOWEDIN1973AND1975,RESPECTIVELYINTHEFRAMEWORKOFTHEPOLICYOFTHEEUROPEANUNIONFORPOLLUTIONPREVENTION,DIRECTIVE85/337ANDITSAMENDMENT99/11DEFINEDTHETERMSANDCONDITIONSFORTHEEXECUTIONOFEIASTHESTRUCTUREOFANEIAISASFOLLOWS,?NAMEANDKINDOFCONSTRUCTIONORACTIVITY?SUMMARY?GEOGRAPHICALPOSITIONEXTENTADMINISTRATIVESUBORDINATION?DESCRIPTIONOFTHECURRENTSTATEOFTHEENVIRONMENT?DESCRIPTIONOFTHECONSTRUCTIONORACTIVITY?APPRAISALANDASSESSMENTOFENVIRONMENTALIMPACTS?SUGGESTIONSFORTHERECTIFICATIONOFENVIRONMENTALIMPACTS?PLANFORENVIRONMENTALMONITORINGTHEDESCRIPTIONOFTHECURRENTSTATEOFTHEENVIRONMENTISACCOMPANIEDBYGENERALMAPSWIDEAREAMAPSASWELLASBYDETAILEDMAPSOFTHEAREAOFINTERESTFOLLOWING,ANEXTENSIVEDESCRIPTIONSHOULDBEGIVENON,?THENATURALENVIRONMENTECOSYSTEMS,TERRAIN,METEOROLOGICALANDHYDROLOGICALDATA,FLORAANDFAUNA?THEANTHROPOGENICENVIRONMENTOFTHEAREASETTLEMENTS,PRODUCTIVESECTORSNATURALRESOURCES,EXISTENTSUBSTRUCTURE?THEPREVAILINGSTATEOFPOLLUTION?THEINTERACTIONBETWEENTHENATURALANDANTHROPOGENICENVIRONMENTTHEDESCRIPTIONOFTHECONSTRUCTIONORACTIVITYSHOULDALSOREFERTOALTERNATIVESOLUTIONS,TOTHEPHASESOFTHECONSTRUCTION,TOTHEWATERANDENERGYUSEANDTOTHEWASTESPRODUCEDCORRESPONDINGAUTHORTEL3017276843FAX3017295281EMAILADDRESSCKARTALIATLASCCUOAGRCCARTALIS14629011/00/SEEFRONTMATTER?2000ELSEVIERSCIENCELTDALLRIGHTSRESERVEDPIIS1462901100000964CCARTALISETAL/EN?IRONMENTALSCIENCEHOWEVER,ONLYHIGHSPATIALRESOLUTIONSENSORSAREMENTIONEDINTABLE1THEAPPLICATIONSDESCRIBEDINTABLE1DEPENDONTHETECHNICALCHARACTERISTICSOFTHESENSORSCARRIEDONBOARDTHESATELLITESTABLE2DESCRIBESANALYTICALLYTHETECHNICALCHARACTERISTICSANDTHEAPPLICATIONSOFTHESENSORSPOTENTIALLYTOBESUPPORTIVEOFANEIACAMBEL,1996THETECHNICALCHARACTERISTICSOFASATELLITESENSORAREDESCRIBEDBYMEANSOFSPATIAL,SPECTRALANDTEMPORALRESOLUTIONTHESPATIALRESOLUTIONEXPRESSESTHEABILITYOFAREMOTELYSENSINGSYSTEMTORENDERASHARPLYDEFINEDIMAGEJENSEN,1986ITISALSOAMEASUREOFTHESMALLESTSEPARATIONBETWEENTWOOBJECTSTHATCANBERESOLVEDBYTHESENSORSPECTRALRESOLUTIONEXPRESSESTHENUMBEROFSPECIFICWAVELENGTHINTERVALSSPECTRALBANDSINTHEELECTROMAGNETICSPECTRUMTOWHICHASENSORISSENSITIVEJENSEN,1986FINALLY,TEMPORALRESOLUTIONGIVESINFORMATIONONTHETABLE2APPLICATIONANDTECHNICALCHARACTERISTICSOFSELECTEDEOINSTRUMENTSAPPLICATIONS/TECHNICALCHARACTERISTICSINSTRUMENTSPECTRALCHANNEL04–12?M,SPATIALRESOLUTION?100MTHESECANIMAGINGMULTISPECTRALVISIBLE,IRRADIOMETERSINLOWEARTHORBITSPROVIDECLOUDAMOUNTANDCLOUDTOPTEMPERATURE,CLOUDPARTICLEPROPERTIES,TROPOSHERICAEROSOLS,SEAANDLANDSURFACETEMPERATURE,SNOWANDSEAICECOVER,EARTHSURFACEALBEDO,VEGETATIONTYPEANDLARGESCALESTRUCTUREIMAGINGMULTISPECTRALVISIBLE,IRRADIOMETERSINGEOSTATIONARYORBITTHESECANPROVIDESIMILARMEASUREMENTSTOINSTRUMENTSINLOWEARTHORBITWITHLESSERSPATIALRESOLUTION?2KMTHEYALSOPROVIDEANIMPORTANTSOURCEOFWINDMEASUREMENTSBASEDONCLOUDTRACKMEASUREMENTSTHESEAREDESIGNEDPRIMARILYFORATMOSPHERICTEMPERATUREANDATMOSPHERICIRSOUNDERSHUMIDITYMEASUREMENTSINCLEARSKYCONDITIONS,BUTCANALSOMAKECONTRIBUTIONSTOMEASUREMENTSOFTRACEGASDISTRIBUTIONS,SURFACEEMISSIVITY,SNOWANDICECOVERETCATMOSPHERICMICROWAVESOUNDERSTHESEAREDESIGNEDPRIMARILYFORATMOSPHERICTEMPERATUREANDHUMIDITYMEASUREMENTSANDCOMPLEMENTTHEIRSOUNDERSINBEINGABLETOGIVESOUNDINGINCLOUDYCONDITIONSOTHERAPPLICATIONSARETHEDETECTIONOFCLOUDWATERCONTENT,RAINETCHIGHRESOLUTIONMULTISPECTRALANDPANCHROMATICMAPPERSVIS,IRSPATIALRESOLUTION?100MINSTRUMENTSINTHISCATEGORYPROVIDEINFORMATIONONVEGETATIONTYPE,FINESCALELANDSCAPESTRUCTURE,EXTENTOFLAKESANDINLANDBODIESOFWATEROCEANCOLOURRADIOMETERSOCEANCOLOURMEASUREMENTSAREUSEDTOINFERMARINEPRODUCTIVITY,MARINEPOLLUTION,COASTALZONEWATERDYNAMICSETCIMAGINGMULTISPECTRALMICROWAVERADIOMETERSTHESEINSTRUMENTSHAVEARESOLUTIONOFORDER1–30KMDEPENDINGONOPERATINGFREQUENCYINSTRUMENTSMEASURETHEMICROWAVEEMISSIONOFTHEOCEANANDLANDSURFACEMODIFIEDBYATMOSPHERICABSORPTIONINSTRUMENTSMEASUREWATERVAPOURANDRAINFALLPARTICULARLYOVERTHEOCEANSANDSNOWCOVERTHESECANPROVIDEALTITUDEOFTHEMEANOCEAN,SURFACEWAVEHEIGHT,RADARALTIMETERSWINDSPEEDOVERTHEOCEANS,TOPOGRAPHYOFLAND,OCEANCURRENTSETCMAPPINGRADARSTHISCATEGORYCONSISTSMAINLYOFSARSSYNTHETICAPERTURERADARMAPPINGRADARSPROVIDEINFORMATIONONVEGETATIONTYPEANDCOVER,TOPOGRAPHY,SEAICETEXTUREANIMPORTANTADVANTAGEISTHEIRALLWEATHER,DAY/NIGHTCAPABILITYLIDARLASERAVARIETYLASERBASEDINSTRUMENTSAREBEINGDEVELOPEDEGFORMEASUREMENTOFAEROSOLS,CLOUDPARTICLEPROPERTIES,ALTIMETRYANDWINDPROFILESATMOSPHERICCHEMISTRYSPECTROMETERSANDRADIOMETERSUV,VIS,IR,THESEEXAMINETHECHEMISTRYANDDYNAMICSOFATMOSPHERICTRACEGASMWSPECIESRAINRADARACTIVEMICROWAVEINSTRUMENTSAREBEINGDEVELOPEDTOPROVIDEMOREACCURATEESTIMATESOFRAINFALL

簡介：DETERMINATIONOFLIFTERDESIGN,SPEEDANDFILLINGEFFECTSINAGMILLSBY3DDEMNDJORDJEVIC,FNSHI,RMORRISONJULIUSKRUTTSCHNITTMINERALRESEARCHCENTRE,THEUNIVERSITYOFQUEENSLAND,BRISBANE4068,AUSTRALIARECEIVED28APRIL2004ACCEPTED1JUNE2004ABSTRACTTHEPOWERREQUIREDTOOPERATELARGEGYRATORYMILLSOFTENEXCEEDS10MWHENCE,OPTIMISATIONOFTHEPOWERCONSUMPTIONWILLHAVEASIGNIFICANTIMPACTONTHEOVERALLECONOMICPERFORMANCEANDENVIRONMENTALIMPACTOFTHEMINERALPROCESSINGPLANTINMOSTOFTHEPUBLISHEDMODELSOFTUMBLINGMILLSEGMORRELL,S,1996POWERDRAWOFWETTUMBLINGMILLSANDITSRELATIONSHIPTOCHARGEDYNAMICS,PART2ANEMPIRICALAPPROACHTOMODELLINGOFMILLPOWERDRAWTRANSINSTMININGMETALLSECTIONCMINERALPROCESSINGEXTMETALL105,C54–C62AUSTIN,LG,1990AMILLPOWEREQUATIONFORSAGMILLSMINERMETALLPROCESS57–62,THEEFFECTOFLIFTERDESIGNANDITSINTERACTIONWITHMILLSPEEDANDFILLINGARENOTINCORPORATEDRECENTEXPERIENCESUGGESTSTHATTHEREISANOPPORTUNITYFORIMPROVINGGRINDINGEFFICIENCYBYCHOOSINGTHEAPPROPRIATECOMBINATIONOFTHESEVARIABLESHOWEVER,ITISDIFFICULTTOEXPERIMENTALLYDETERMINETHEINTERACTIONSOFTHESEVARIABLESINAFULLSCALEMILLALTHOUGHSOMEWORKHASRECENTLYBEENPUBLISHEDUSINGDEMSIMULATIONS,ITWASBASICALLYLIMITEDTO2DTHEDISCRETEELEMENTCODE,PARTICLEFLOWCODE3DPFC3D,HASBEENUSEDINTHISWORKTOMODELTHEEFFECTSOFLIFTERHEIGHT5–25CMANDMILLSPEED50–90OFCRITICALONTHEPOWERDRAWANDFREQUENCYDISTRIBUTIONOFSPECIFICENERGYJ/KGOFNORMALIMPACTSINA5MDIAMETERAUTOGENOUSAGMILLITWASFOUNDTHATTHEDISTRIBUTIONOFTHEIMPACTENERGYISAFFECTEDBYTHENUMBEROFLIFTERS,LIFTERHEIGHT,MILLSPEEDANDMILLFILLINGINTERACTIONSOFLIFTERDESIGN,MILLSPEEDANDMILLFILLINGAREDEMONSTRATEDTHROUGHTHREEDIMENSIONALDISTINCTELEMENTMETHODS3DDEMMODELLINGTHEINTENSITYOFTHEINDUCEDSTRESSESSHEARANDNORMALONLIFTERS,ANDHENCETHELIFTERWEAR,ISALSOSIMULATED?2004ELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVEDKEYWORDSCOMMINUTIONGRINDINGMODELLINGDEM1INTRODUCTIONTHEPOWERREQUIREDTOOPERATELARGEMILLSOFTENEXCEEDS10MWTHEREFORE,OPTIMISATIONOFTHEPOWERUTILISATIONWILLHAVEASIGNIFICANTIMPACTONTHEOVERALLECONOMICPERFORMANCEANDENVIRONMENTALIMPACTOFTHEMINERALPROCESSINGPLANTRECENTEXPERIENCESUGGESTSTHATTHEREISANOPPORTUNITYFORIMPROVINGGRINDINGEFFICIENCYBYCHOOSINGTHEAPPROPRIATECOMBINATIONOFMILLSPEED,FILLINGANDLIFTERDESIGNHOWEVER,ITISDIFFICULTTOEXPERIMENTALLYDETERMINETHEINTERACTIONSOFTHESEVARIABLESINAFULLSCALEMILLTHEDISCRETEELEMENTMETHODDEMHASBEENPROVEDTOBEAUSEFULTOOLINMILLINGSIMULATIONANDOPTIMISATIONANUMBEROFPAPERSHAVEBEENPUBLISHEDINTHELITERATUREBYUSINGDEMINMODELLINGANDSIMULATIONOFCOMMINUTIONDEVICES,MAJORITYOFTHEMBEINGLIMITEDIN2DHLUNGWANIETAL2003USEDA2DLABORATORYBALLMILLTOVALIDATETHEDEMMODELLINGOFLINERPROFILEANDMILLSPEEDEFFECTSCLEARY1998,2001USEDDEMTOINVESTIGATECHARGEBEHAVIOURANDPOWERCONSUMPTION08926875/SEEFRONTMATTER?2004ELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVEDDOI101016/JMINENG200406033CORRESPONDINGAUTHORPRESENTADDRESSJKMRC,ISLESROAD,INDOOROOPILLY4096,AUSTRALIATEL61733655888FAX61733655999EMAILADDRESSNDJORDJEVICUQEDUAUNDJORDJEVICTHISARTICLEISALSOAVAILABLEONLINEATWWWELSEVIERCOM/LOCATE/MINENGMINERALSENGINEERING1720041135–1142OFTHELIFTERSVARIEDBETWEEN5AND25CMFOREACHLIFTERGEOMETRY,THEROTATIONALVELOCITYOFTHEMILLWASVARIEDINTHERANGE50–90OFCRITICALSPEEDINORDERTODETERMINETHEEFFECTOFLIFTERSANDMILLSPEEDONTHEEFFECTIVEPOWERDRAWOFTHEMILLITISNECESSARYTODETERMINETHEPOWERDRAWWITHOUTANYLIFTINGACTIONFIRSTTHISCANBEACHIEVEDBYCALCULATIONOFTHENOLIFTERSPOWERWITHACOEFFICIENTOFFRICTIONBEINGSETTONILITISPOSSIBLETHATINSUCHACASE,POWERDRAWWILLBEMINIMALORNIL,DUETOTHESYMMETRICSHAPEOFTHECHARGEAROUNDTHEVERTICALAXISOFTHEMILL,FIG1THESECONDPHASEINCLUDESINTRODUCTIONOFTHEMILLFRICTIONTHETHIRDPHASEINCLUDESINTRODUCTIONOFLIFTERSOFCONSTANTWIDTHANDNUMBER,BUTOFDIFFERENTHEIGHTFOREACHLIFTERHEIGHTPOWERDRAWSATDIFFERENTMILLSPEEDSWEREDETERMINEDBYCOMPARINGMODELLEDPOWERDRAWSWITHTHOSEOFTHENOLIFTERMILL,THEEFFECTOFEACHNEWVARIABLEOFMILLDESIGNANDOPERATINGCONDITIONSCANBEDETERMINEDINTHESIMULATIONSNORMALANDSHEARSTIFFNESSOFTHEPARTICLESWERESET1105N/MANDDENSITY2650KG/M3THEPOWERDRAWOFTHEMILLCOMPRISESTHEPOWERCONSUMEDINROTATINGTHEEMPTYMILLNOLOADPOWER,TOABRADETHECHARGEWITHOUTLIFTINGTHEPARTICLES,ANDTOLIFTTHECHARGEWHICHMAYEVENTUALLYRESULTINIMPACTBREAKAGENOTETHATTHISISNOTTHESAMEASTHENOLOADPOWERINAREALMILLWHICHREQUIRESENERGYTOOVERCOMEFRICTIONINBEARINGANDLOSSESWITHINMILLMOTORINTHECASEOFMILLWITHOUTLIFTERSANDINWHICHTHECOEFFICIENTOFFRICTIONISSETTOZERO,THEPOWERDRAWOFTHEREALMILLISONLYAFORMOFNOLOADPOWERTHEREISNOPOWERBEINGTRANSFERREDTOTHECHARGETHEESSENTIALROLEOFLIFTERSISHIGHLIGHTEDBYTHEFACTTHATWITHOUTTHEMTHEREWOULDBEESSENTIALLYNONETPOWERDRAWASSUMINGFIG2CHARGESHAPESFORTHEMILLWITHLIFTERSOFVARIOUSHEIGHTS,ALLWITHACOEFFICIENTOFFRICTION03ANOLIFTER,B5CMLIFTERS,C10CMLIFTERS,D15CMLIFTERS,E20CMLIFTERS,ANDF25CMLIFTERSTABLE1PARTICLESIZEDISTRIBUTIONOFTHEMODELLEDMILLCHARGEPARTICLEDIAMETERMMNUMBEROFPARTICLES?1509096?9075164?7553290?53375684?375281336?28202378TOTAL4948NDJORDJEVICETAL/MINERALSENGINEERING1720041135–11421137

簡介：2011THE6THINTERNATIONALFORUMONSTRATEGICTECHNOLOGYSIMULATIONSTUDYONADTCSYSTEMOFPMSMKRISHNANVIJAYARAGHAVAN,DESAAHMADDEPARTMENTOFBIOLOGICALFLUXLINKAGEESTIMATIONDTCSVPWMIINTRODUCTIONINLASTFEWYEARSPENNANENTMAGNETSYNCHRONOUSMOTORPMSM,CONSEQUENTLYISACQUIREDINMOREANDMOREFAR-RANGINGAPPLICATION,BECAUSEOFITSPROPERTIESSUCHASSMALLVOLUME,LIGHTWEIGHT,HIGHEFFICIENCY,SMALLINERTIA,ROTORWITHOUTHEATPROBLEM,ETCIDIRECTTORQUECONTROLDTCISANEWCONTROLMETHODAFTERVECTORCONTROLITABANDONSDECOUPLINGTHOUGHTOFVECTORCONTROL,ANDUSESTHESTATORFLUXLINKAGEDIRECTLYTOCONTROLTHEFLUXLINKAGEANDTHETORQUEOFMOTORTHUSTHEDYNAMICRESPONSEOFTHESYSTEMISVERYFAST2THEDTCCONTROLSTRATEGYISAPPLIEDFORPMSMINORDERTOIMPROVETHETORQUECHARACTERISTICSOFTHEMOTOR,WHICHCURRENTLYHASCAUSEDTHEEXTENSIVEATTENTIONOFPEOPLETHETRADITIONALDTCUSUALLYADOPTSBANGBANGCONTROLSTRATEGYTOIMPLEMENTBUTTHISCONTROLSTRATEGYCANTMEETTHESYSTEMREQUIREMENTSBOTHOFTORQUEANDFLUXLINKAGEATTHESAMETIME,WHICHLEADSTOLARGEFLUCTUATIONSOFFLUXLINKAGEANDTORQUEGENERATEDBYSYSTEMANDLEADSTOTHEPROBLEMOFPULSECURRENTANDSWITCHINGNOISECAUSEDBYHIGHERSWITCHINGFREQUENCYCHANGESSPACEVECTORPULSEWIDTHMODULATIONSVPWMCONTROLSTRATEGYHASBEENWIDELYUSEDINTHEFIELDOFMOTORSPEEDCONTROL,DUETOITSPOTENTIALADVANTAGES,SUCHASSMALLCURRENTWAVEFORMDISTORTION,HIGHUTILIZATIONOFDCVOLTAGE,EASYTODIGITALIMPLEMENTATION,CONSTANTSWITCHINGFREQUENCYOFINVERTER,EFFECTIVELYTOREDUCEPULSATIONOFTHEMOTORTORQUEANDFLUXLINKAGE,ETCTHEOBJECTSTUDIEDINTHISPAPERISTHEPERMANENTMAGNETSYNCHRONOUSINAPPLICATION,THEDTCSTRATEGY,WHICHBASEDONTHESVPWM,ISADOPTEDTOSIMULATETHERESULTSHOWSTHATTHESYSTEMHASTHEADVANTAGEOFFASTRESPONSE,GOODDYNAMICPERFORMANCEANDSOON34IDENTIFYAPPLICABLESPONSOR/SHEREIFNOSPONSORS,DELETETHISTEXTBOXSPONSORS9781457703997111/2600?2011LEEE56411THETECHNOLOGYOFDIRECTTORQUECONTROLFORPMSMSTATORFLUXLINKAGEOFPMSMISNOTONLYINCLUDINGTHEONEGENERATEDBYSTATORCURRENT,BUTALSOINCLUDINGTHEONEGENERATEDBYPERMANENTMAGNETROTOR,WHICHDEPENDSONRTHEPOSITIONANGLEBETWEENTHESTATORANDROTORREFERENCEFRAMETHEREFORESTATORFLUXLINKAGECANBEEXPRESSEDASFOLLOWIWHERESUBSCRIPTSISSTATICREFERENCECOORDINATESYSTEM,L,ISTHESTATORSELFINDUCTANCE,LJ/PMISTHEROTORPENNANENTMAGNETFLUXLINKAGETHEPMSMSTATORVOLTAGEEQUATIONBASEONSTATORREFERENCEFRAMECANBEEXPRESSEDASFOLLOWINGEQUATIONHENCE,RDLJ/,U,“,I,“““DT2ACCORDINGTOCOORDINATETRANSFONNATIONFONNULA,THEVECTORSCONVERTFROMSTATICCOORDINATETOROTATINGCOORDINATEASFOLLOW4SUBSTITUTINGFORMULA1ANDFORMULA3INTO4,WEGETEXPRESSIONSOFSTATORFLUXLINKAGEANDSTATORVOLTAGEINROTATINGCOORDINATESYSTEMLJ/“LJ,RLJ/PMRDLJSJLUSRSLSRDT}OJRSLSRLJ/PM56AUGUST2224,2011OFTORQUELOOPTHENTAKETORQUEDEVIATIONBTEASINPUTVALUE,TORQUELOOPPICONTROLLEROUTPUTSD8THECORRECTIONVALUEOF8,WHICHISTHEANGLEBETWEENLFIPMANDLFI,U,DANDU,QTHECOMPONENTSOFU,INTHEDQAXISCANBEESTIMATEDBYD8,LFISDANDLFI,QSVPWMCONTROLSIGNALSCANBEGENERATEDTHROUGHINVERSEPARKTRANSFORMATIONWITHU,DANDU,Q,ANDTHENDRIVEPERMANENTMAGNETSYNCHRONOUSMOTOR56TNTHEFIGURE2,FLUXLINKAGEESTIMATORCANBEEXPRESSEDAS17LFIWJ8ARCTAN_LFISDTORQUEESTIMATORCANBEEXPRESSEDAS18T/WR1TED6VOLTAGEESTIMATORCANBEEXPRESSEDAS19WHERE,DTISFLUXLINKAGESAMPLINGTIME,LFIRISTHEGIVENVALUEOFTORQUESTATORFLUXLINKAGEINADDITION,{DLFISDLFIRCOS8D8?ILFITI?OS8DLFI,QLFISRSM8D8ILFI,RISM820TOREDUCETHECOMPUTATION,DLFISDDLFISQCANBEEXPRESSEDAS?SRLJISDLJIITIICOSUIISILLULJISDLJISRLJISR21JDLJISDD5LJILQD5DLJL,QLJIRLLJISQLCOSD5ILJISDLSIND5LJI“JLJISRLJISRUSAINVERSEPARK1LHREE??PIF“I\PIVOLTAGEHSTIMATORUSQLRAN?FJRMATIONUSFISV1WMPHASER1INVERTERWRTWRTEBRF,DISD?ISOIA?IPARKCLARKE??LORQUE?SQFLUXLINKAGEILRAN?FISJJTRANSFURIBL?TIMATORHSTIMATORMATION?NNAT10NT,PMSMDDDTBRHNCODERFIGURE2STRUCTUREDIAGRAMOFTHEPMSMBASEDONDTCBSIMULATIONMODELSIMPOWERSYSTEMMODULELIBRARYOFMATLAB70ISUSEDINTHISPAPERTHESIMULATIONMODELOFDTCSYSTEMWITHPMSMISBUILT,BASEDONTHEABOVEANALYSISOFMATHEMATICALMODELSYSTEMSIMULATIONMODELISSHOWNINFIGURE3AROTATINGMAGNETICFIELDWILLBEGENERATEDWHENAPPLYINGTHREEPHASESYMMETRICCURRENTINTHREEPHASESYMMETRICWINDINGOFPMSM566ISDANDI,QTHECOMPONENTSOFI,INTHEDQAXIS,CANBEOBTAINEDFROMTHEPHASECURENTSAMPLINGVALUESIAANDIB,THROUGHCLARKCOORDINATETRANSFORMATIONANDPARKCOORDINATETRANSFORMATION

簡介：本科畢業(yè)論文本科畢業(yè)論文設(shè)計設(shè)計外文文獻翻譯譯文題目譯文題目DESIGNOFDETECTIONOFCOMBUSTIBLEGASANDALARMSYSTEM學(xué)生姓名學(xué)生姓名專業(yè)業(yè)指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)教師2013年2月第2頁THESLAVEPARTMAINLYCOMPLETEDATACOLLECTIONANDWIRELESSTRANSMISSIONTHEMASTERPARTMAINLYCOMPLETERECEIVINGDATA,DISPLAYINGANDSENDINGALARMMESSAGETHESIGNALOFGASCONCENTRATIONISCOLLECTEDBYCOMBUSTIBLEGASSENSORWHICHGENERATESAWEAKELECTRICALSIGNALTHESIGNALCANBEAMPLIFIEDANDSTABILIZEDBYCONDITIONINGCIRCUITANDTHENA/DCIRCUITCONVERTSTHEANALOGSIGNALTODIGITALSIGNALWHICHMICROCONTROLLERCANPROCESSINORDERTOIMPROVETHEMEASUREMENTACCURACY,ANDREDUCETHEIMPACTOFTEMPERATURE,DESIGNATEMPERATURECOMPENSATIONCIRCUITTOCOLLECTTEMPRETUREDATAAT89S52PROCESSTHECOLLECTEDDATAANDSENDDATATOTHEMASTERBYWIRELESSTRANSCEIVERTHEMASTERRECEIVESTHEDATAANDDISPLAYSITBYLEDANDIFTHEGASCONCENTRATIONBEINGABNORMAL,THESYSTEMWILLDRIVESPEAKERFORANALARMSIGNALANDUSETC35IMODULETOSENDALARMINFORMATIONTOUSER’SMOBILEHARDWAREDESIGNSIGNALSIGNALACQUISITIONACQUISITIONANDANDCONDITIONINGCONDITIONINGCIRCUITCIRCUITFIGURE2SHOWSDATAACQUISITIONCIRCUITTGS813ISAGASSENSINGRESISTIVESENSORTHECONDUCTIVITYOFTGS813ISINFLUENCEDBYTHECONCENTRATIONOFCOMBUSTIBLEGASESINAIR,THEGREATERTHECONCENTRATION,THEHIGHERCONDUCTIVITYINSYSTEMR0,R9,R10ANDRSINTGS813FORMABRIDGECIRCUITTOCONVERTRESISTANCETOVOLTAGESIGNALOPERATIONALAMPLIFIERACONNECTEDASAVOLTAGEFOLLOWERWITHRESISTORSR7ANDREGULATORD1MAKEUPTHEVOLTAGEREGULATORCIRCUITTOSUPPLYPOWERFORTHEBRIDGEINORDERTOTHEVOLTAGEADAPTTOTHEA/DCONVERTER,THEVOLTAGEISAMPLIFIEDBYOPAMPB,ANDTHEMAGNIFICATIONCANBEADJUSTEDTHROUGHRESISTORR11FIG2GASCONCENTRATIONSIGNALACQUISITIONCIRCUITFIG3TEMPERATURECOMPENSATIONCIRCUIT

簡介：附錄一外語文獻譯文

簡介：中文中文3980字出處出處APPLIEDTHERMALENGINEERING,2011,311736533657畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文外文資料翻譯題目博物館儲藏室空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的溫度和濕度獨立控制博物館儲藏室空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的溫度和濕度獨立控制裝置裝置附件件1外文資料翻譯譯文；2外文原文。指導(dǎo)教師評語簽名年月日兩個熱測濕空氣參數(shù)，即溫度或濕度的比率，是要低于送風(fēng)控制，以盡可能降低過冷卻能力，以及一些完成驗證實驗測試的THIC設(shè)備。

簡介：VALIDATIONANDTESTINGOFDESIGNHARDENINGFORSINGLEEVENTEFFECTSUSINGTHE8051MICROCONTROLLERABSTRACTWITHTHEDEARTHOFDEDICATEDRADIATIONHARDENEDFOUNDRIES,NEWANDNOVELTECHNIQUESAREBEINGDEVELOPEDFORHARDENINGDESIGNSUSINGNONDEDICATEDFOUNDRYSERVICESINTHISPAPER,WEWILLDISCUSSTHEIMPLICATIONSOFVALIDATINGTHESEMETHODSFORTHESINGLEEVENTEFFECTS（SEE）INTHESPACEENVIRONMENTTOPICSINCLUDETHETYPESOFTESTSTHATAREREQUIREDANDTHEDESIGNCOVERAGE（IE,DESIGNLIBRARIESDOTHEYNEEDVALIDATINGFOREACHAPPLICATION）FINALLY,AN8051MICROCONTROLLERCOREFROMNASAINSTITUTEOFADVANCEDMICROELECTRONICS（IAΜE）CMOSULTRALOWPOWERRADIATIONTOLERANT（CULPRIT）DESIGNISEVALUATEDFORSEEMITIGATIVETECHNIQUESAGAINSTTWOCOMMERCIAL8051DEVICESINDEXTERMSSINGLEEVENTEFFECTS,HARDENEDBYDESIGN,MICROCONTROLLER,RADIATIONEFFECTSIINTRODUCTIONNASACONSTANTLYSTRIVESTOPROVIDETHEBESTCAPTUREOFSCIENCEWHILEOPERATINGINASPACERADIATIONENVIRONMENTUSINGAMINIMUMOFRESOURCES1,2WITHARELATIVELYLIMITEDSELECTIONOFRADIATIONHARDENEDMICROELECTRONICDEVICESTHATAREOFTENTWOORMOREGENERATIONSOFPERFORMANCEBEHINDCOMMERCIALSTATEOFTHEARTTECHNOLOGIES,NASA’SPERFORMANCEOFTHISTASKISQUITECHALLENGINGONEMETHODOFALLEVIATINGTHISISBYTHEUSEOFCOMMERCIALFOUNDRYALTERNATIVESWITHNOORMINIMALLYINVASIVEDESIGNTECHNIQUESFORHARDENINGTHISISOFTENCALLEDHARDENEDBYDESIGN（HBD）BUILDINGCUSTOMTYPEHBDDEVICESUSINGDESIGNLIBRARIESANDAUTOMATEDDESIGNTOOLSMAYPROVIDENASATHESOLUTIONITNEEDSTOMEETSTRINGENTSCIENCEPERFORMANCESPECIFICATIONSINATIMELY,COSTEFFECTIVE,ANDRELIABLEMANNERHOWEVER,ONEQUESTIONSTILLEXISTSTRADITIONALRADIATIONHARDENEDDEVICESHAVELOTAND/ORWAFERRADIATIONQUALIFICATIONTESTSPERFORMEDWHATTYPESOFTESTSAREREQUIREDFORHBDVALIDATIONIITESTINGHBDDEVICESCONSIDERATIONSIIIHBDTECHNOLOGYEVALUATIONUSINGTHE8051MICROCONTROLLERWITHTHEIRINCREASINGCAPABILITIESANDLOWERPOWERCONSUMPTION,MICROCONTROLLERSAREINCREASINGLYBEINGUSEDINNASAANDDODSYSTEMDESIGNSTHEREAREEXISTINGNASAANDDODPROGRAMSTHATAREDOINGTECHNOLOGYDEVELOPMENTTOPROVIDEHBDMICROCONTROLLERSAREONESUCHVEHICLETHATISBEINGINVESTIGATEDTOQUANTIFYTHERADIATIONHARDNESSIMPROVEMENTEXAMPLESOFTHESEPROGRAMSARETHE8051MICROCONTROLLERBEINGDEVELOPEDBYMISSIONRESEARCHCORPORATION（MRC）ANDTHEIAΜE（THEFOCUSOFTHISSTUDY）ASTHESEHBDTECHNOLOGIESBECOMEAVAILABLE,VALIDATIONOFTHETECHNOLOGY,INTHENATURALSPACERADIATIONENVIRONMENT,FORNASA’SUSEINSPACEFLIGHTSYSTEMSISREQUIREDTHE8051MICROCONTROLLERISANINDUSTRYSTANDARDARCHITECTURETHATHASBROADACCEPTANCE,WIDERANGINGAPPLICATIONSANDDEVELOPMENTTOOLSAVAILABLETHEREARENUMEROUSCOMMERCIALVENDORSTHATSUPPLYTHISCONTROLLERORHAVEITINTEGRATEDINTOSOMETYPEOFSYSTEMONACHIPSTRUCTUREBOTHMRCANDIAΜECHOSETHISDEVICETODEMONSTRATETWODISTINCTLYDIFFERENTTECHNOLOGIESFORHARDENINGTHEMRCEXAMPLEOFTHISISTOUSETEMPORALLATCHESTHATREQUIRESPECIFICTIMINGTOENSURETHATSINGLEEVENTEFFECTSAREMINIMIZEDTHEIAΜETECHNOLOGYUSESULTRALOWPOWER,ANDLAYOUTANDARCHITECTUREHBDDESIGNRULESTOACHIEVETHEIRRESULTSTHESEAREFUNDAMENTALLYDIFFERENTTHANTHEAPPROACHBYAEROFLEXUNITEDTECHNOLOGIESMICROELECTRONICSCENTER（UTMC）,THECOMMERCIALVENDOROFARADIATION–HARDENED8051,THATBUILTTHEIR8051MICROCONTROLLERUSINGRADIATIONHARDENEDPROCESSESTHISBROADRANGEOFTECHNOLOGYWITHINONEDEVICESTRUCTUREMAKESTHE8051ANIDEALVEHICLEFORPERFORMINGTHISTECHNOLOGYEVALUATIONTHEOBJECTIVEOFTHISWORKISTHETECHNOLOGYEVALUATIONOFTHECULPRITPROCESS3FROMIAΜETHEPROCESSHASBEENBASELINEDAGAINSTTWOOTHERPROCESSES,THESTANDARD8051COMMERCIALDEVICEFROMINTELANDAVERSIONUSINGSTATEOFTHEARTPROCESSINGFROMDALLASSEMICONDUCTORBYPERFORMINGTHISSIDEBYSIDECOMPARISON,THECOSTBENEFIT,PERFORMANCE,ANDRELIABILITYTRADESTUDYCANBEDONEINTHEPERFORMANCEOFTHETECHNOLOGYEVALUATION,THISTASKDEVELOPEDHARDWAREAND