簡介：PROCEDIACOMPUTERSCIENCEPROCEDIACOMPUTERSCIENCE002009000?000WWWELSEVIERCOM/LOCATE/PROCEDIAICEBT2010ANEFFICIENTALGORITHMFORFINGERPRINTPREPROCESSINGANDFEATUREEXTRACTIONPGNANASIVAM,SMUTTANCENTREFORMEDICALELECTROINICS,CEGCAMPUS,ANNAUNIVERSITYCHENNAI,CHENNAI600041,INDIAABSTRACTINPRACTICE,THEPLACEMENTOFFINGERONTHESCANNERFORAUTHENTICATIONISNOTDONEWITHTHEUTMOSTCAREASWHENPLACEDDURINGTHEENROLLMENTANDTHISRESULTINREJECTIONSOFGENUINEUSERSMOREOVER,USERBEHAVIOURANDENVIONMENTALCONDITIONSDECREASETHEGENIUNEACCEPTANCERATEGARFORAUTHENTICATIONOFFINGERPRINTSTOOVERCOMETHESELIMITATIONS,ANEFFICIENTPREPROCESSINGALGORITHMISPROPOSEDTOACHIEVEGOODVERTICALORIENTATIONANDHIGHRIDGECURVATUREAREAAROUNDTHECOREPOINTFORFINGERPRINTAUTHENTICATIONANDANALYSISTHEALGORITHMISIMPLEMENTEDINTWOSTAGESTHEPROCESSOFOBTAININGTHEVERTICALORIENTEDFINGERPRINTIMAGEISCARRIEDOUTINTHEFIRSTSTEPTHISISFOLLOWEDBYCOREPOINTDETECTIONOFAFINGERPRINTCOREPOINTDETECTIONISEFFICIENTLYIDENTIFIEDFORANYTYPEOFFINGERPRINTSTHEDEVELOPEDALGORITHMISTESTEDUSINGALINEBASEDFEATUREEXTRACTIONALGORITHMWITHALARGEINTERNALDATABASEANDSAMPLESOFFINGERPRINTVERICICATIONCOMPETITIONFVCONLYFORTHEPOORQUALITYIMAGES,BROKENRIDGESAREIDENTIFIEDWHICHRESULTSINADIFFERENCEINMINUTIAEPOINTSWITHTHEPROPOSEDALGORITHM94OFTHETESTEDIMAGESWEREORIENTEDVERTICALLYANDITSGENUINESSISVERIFIEDBYCOMPARINGTHEMINUTIAEDETAILSOFTHEORIENTEDANDUNORIENTEDIMAGEOFTHESAMESUBJECTKEYWORDSVERTICALORIENTATION,HIGHRIDGECURVATUREAREA,COREDETECTIONFEATUREEXTRACTION1INTRODUCTIONAFINGERPRINTISTHEPATTERNOFRIDGESANDFURROWSONTHESURFACEOFAFINGERTIPATAFINELEVELORLOCALLEVEL,THECHARACTERISTICOFRIDGESANDVALLEYAREKNOWNASMINUTIAEINREALITY,THEFINGERPRINTSARENOTEXACTLYVERTICALLYORIENTEDANDITMAYBE±45oAWAYFROMTHEASSUMEDVERTICALORIENTATION1INTHISPAPER,THEFINGERPRINTIMAGEROTATIONISCARRIEDOUTWELLBEFOREIMAGEENHANCEMENTFORTHEPROCESSOFEXTRACTIONOFHIGHCURVATUREAREAAROUNDTHECOREPOINTALSO,AGOODORIENTATIONMODELCANPROVIDEACOMPREHENSIVEDESCRIPTIONOFTHESUBJECTTHATENABLESDISCOVERYOFTHEEMBEDDEDFEATURESMINUTIAEAROUNDTHECOREPOINTPLAYANIMPORTANTROLEASITISUSEFULINMANYAPPLICATIONSPARTICULARLYINFINGERPRINTCLASSIFICATIONANDFINGERPRINTANALYSISUSERBEHAVIOURANDENVIRONMENTALCONSIDERATIONSSUCHASANGLEANDPLACEMENTOFTHEFINGERONTHESCANNER,DIRTORRESIDUEONTHESENSOR,INJURYORRESIDUEONTHEFINGERAREALSONECESSARYFORFINGERPRINTMATCHINGANDANALYSISENROLMENTOFQUALITYFINGERPRINTSMAYBEACHIEVEDWHENCOLLECTIONOFMULTIPLESAMPLESFROMASAMESUBJECTISPOSSIBLETHEREAREAPPLICATIONSWHEREDECISIONSHOULDBEMADEWITHASINGLEAVAILABLETEMPLATETHEEXISTINGMETHODDOESNOTRELIABLYHANDLEPOORQUALITYFINGERPRINTSWHENTHEORIENTATIONFIELDISVERYNOISYANDCANBEMISLEDBYPOORSTRUCTURALCUESDUETOTHEPRESENCEOFFINGERCRACKSAROUNDTHECOREPOINTRICHMINUTIAEINFORMATION?????????THANOTHERREGION,WHICHISNECESSARYFORTHEFINGERPRINTVERIFICATION/IDENTIFICATION2INITIALLY,THEENROLLEDFINGERPRINTIMAGEISORIENTEDVERTICALLYUSINGROTATIONALGORITHMTHEORIENTATIONOFTHEIMAGEISESTIMATEDASTHEANGLEBETWEENTHEXAXISANDTHEMAJORAXISOFTHEELLIPSEAREASONABLYGOODQUALITYIMAGESWITHANANGULARDISPLACEMENTOF1TO±90DEGREESAREORIENTEDVERTICALLYINTHEPROPOSEDALGORITHM,THECANDIDATECOREPIXELISSELECTEDBYCONSIDERINGALLTHEPIXELLOCATIONSWHERETHESUMOFALLTHEDIFFERENCEVALUESINTHEWINDOWISAROUND360,WHEREWEUSEATOLERANCEOF±3THENALLTHECANDIDATEPIXELSPRESENTCLOSETOEACHOTHERAREBRIDGEDTOGETHERANDONLYTHECENTROIDOFTHEREGIONISCONSIDEREDAFTERVERTICALORIENTATIONANDCOREDETECTION,THEREGIONOFINTERESTWITHCOREPOINTANDHIGHCURVATUREPATTERNISCROPPEDBYSELECTINGNPIXELSAROUNDTHECOREPOINTTHESELECTIONOFNPIXELSDEPENDSONTHEAPPLICATIONANDNECESSITYTHEPROPOSEDPROCESSESAREVERIFIEDWITHTHELINEBASEDFEATUREEXTRACTIONDEVELOPEDBYTHEAUTHORS8CORRESPONDINGAUTHORTEL914424452312FAX914427435769EMAILADDRESSPGNANASIVAMYAHOOCOMC?2010PUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDPROCEDIACOMPUTERSCIENCE22010133–142WWWELSEVIERCOM/LOCATE/PROCEDIA18770509C?2010PUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERLTDDOI101016/JPROCS201011017OPENACCESSUNDERCCBYNCNDLICENSEOPENACCESSUNDERCCBYNCNDLICENSEPGNANSIVAM,SMUTTAN/PROCEDIACOMPUTERSCIENCE002010000?00031IMAGEORIENTATIONANINPUTIMAGEISREADFROMGRAPHICSFILEBILINEARINTERPOLATIONISADOPTEDTORESIZETHEIMAGEINTOASTANDARDORASSUMINGCONSTANTSIZELETIX,YDENOTEATWODIMENSIONALGREYSCALEIMAGE,FIG2EXPLAINSTHESTEPSINVOLVEDINTHEFINGERPRINTROTATIONPROCESSFIG2FINGERPRINTROTATIONPROCESSINORMALIZATIONANDSEGMENTATIONTHISPROCESSIDENTIFIESTHERIDGEREGIONOFTHEINPUTIMAGETHEGIVENINPUTIMAGEISSEGMENTEDINTOBLOCKSOFSIZENXNANDTHESTANDARDDEVIATIONSTDINEACHREGIONISEVALUATEDIFTHESTANDARDDEVIATIONISABOVETHETHRESHOLDITISMARKEDASPARTOFTHEFINGERPRINTTHEIMAGEISNORMALIZEDTOHAVEZEROEDMEAN,UNITSTANDARDDEVIATIONPRIORTOPERFORMINGTHISPROCESSSOTHATTHETHRESHOLDSPECIFIEDISRELATIVETOAUNITSTANDARDDEVIATIONMASKIMAGEIM1ISOBTAINEDUSINGEQUATION1,2AND3MEANIYIX,YIX,1Y/STDIIX,YIX,2SQRTRVYIX,RMYX,I13WHERE,RMISTHEREQUIREDMEANANDRVISTHEREQUIREDVARIANCEIIMORPHOLOGICALFILTERINGMORPHOLOGICALFILTERINGISBASEDMAINLYONSOMEMATHEMATICALMORPHOLOGYTRANSFORMATIONS17,18HEREWEPERFORMMORPHOLOGICALCLOSINGONTHENORMALIZEDANDSEGMENTEDGRAYSCALEIMAGEIM1EQUATION3TOOBTAINTHECLOSEDIMAGE,IM2THESTRUCTURINGELEMENTSEMUSTBEASINGLESTRUCTURINGELEMENTOBJECT,ASOPPOSEDTOANARRAYOFOBJECTSTHEMORPHOLOGICALCLOSEOPERATIONISADILATIONFOLLOWEDBYEROSION,USINGTHESAMESTRUCTURINGELEMENTFORBOTHOPERATIONSTHISFILLSTHEIMAGEREGIONSANDHOLESDILATIONOFAMASKIMAGEIM1X,YBYASTRUCTURINGELEMENTSEM,NISDENOTEDBYIM2X,YN}SEM,NYM,XMAX{IYSEX,,DIYX,IM1M1M24EROSIONOFIM2X,YBYASTRUCTURINGELEMENTSEM,NISDENOTEDBYIM3X,Y}NSEM,NYM,XMIN{IYSEX,,EIYX,IM2M2M35ORIENTATIONANGLEIDENTIFICATIONFINGERPRINTORIENTATIONESTIMATIONNORMALIZATIONANDSEGMENTATIONMORPHOLOGICALFILTERINGVERTICALORIENTATIONPGNANASIVAM,SMUTTAN/PROCEDIACOMPUTERSCIENCE22010133–142135

簡介：ADESIGNANDIMPLEMENTATIONOFACTIVENETWORKSOCKETPROGRAMMINGKLEDDIELAW,ROYLEUNGTHEEDWARDSROGERSSRDEPARTMENTOFELECTRICALANDCOMPUTERENGINEERINGUNIVERSITYOFTORONTOTORONTO,CANADAEDDIECOMMTORONTOEDU,ROYLEUNGUTORONTOCAABSTRACTTHECONCEPTOFPROGRAMMABLENODESANDACTIVENETWORKSINTRODUCESPROGRAMMABILITYINTOCOMMUNICATIONNETWORKSCODEANDDATACANBESENTANDMODIFIEDONTHEIRWAYSTODESTINATIONSRECENTLY,VARIOUSRESEARCHGROUPSHAVEDESIGNEDANDIMPLEMENTEDTHEIROWNDESIGNPLATFORMSEACHDESIGNHASITSOWNBENEFITSANDDRAWBACKSMOREOVER,THEREEXISTSANINTEROPERABILITYPROBLEMAMONGPLATFORMSASARESULT,WEINTRODUCEACONCEPTTHATISSIMILARTOTHENETWORKSOCKETPROGRAMMINGWEINTENTIONALLYESTABLISHASETOFSIMPLEINTERFACESFORPROGRAMMINGACTIVEAPPLICATIONSTHISSETOFINTERFACES,KNOWNASACTIVENETWORKSOCKETPROGRAMMINGANSP,WILLBEWORKINGONTOPOFALLOTHEREXECUTIONENVIRONMENTSINFUTURETHEREFORE,THEANSPOFFERSACONCEPTTHATISSIMILARTO“WRITEONCE,RUNEVERYWHERE”ITISANOPENPROGRAMMINGMODELTHATACTIVEAPPLICATIONSCANWORKONALLEXECUTIONENVIRONMENTSITSOLVESTHEHETEROGENEITYWITHINACTIVENETWORKSTHISISESPECIALLYUSEFULWHENACTIVEAPPLICATIONSNEEDTOACCESSALLREGIONSWITHINAHETEROGENEOUSNETWORKTODEPLOYSPECIALSERVICEATCRITICALPOINTSORTOMONITORTHEPERFORMANCEOFTHEENTIRENETWORKSINSTEADOFINTRODUCINGANEWPLATFORM,OURAPPROACHPROVIDESATHIN,TRANSPARENTLAYERONTOPOFEXISTINGENVIRONMENTSTHATCANBEEASILYINSTALLEDFORALLACTIVEAPPLICATIONSKEYWORDSACTIVENETWORKSAPPLICATIONPROGRAMMINGINTERFACEACTIVENETWORKSOCKETPROGRAMMINGIINTRODUCTIONIN1990,CLARKANDTENNENHOUSE1PROPOSEDADESIGNFRAMEWORKFORINTRODUCINGNEWNETWORKPROTOCOLSFORTHEINTERNETSINCETHEPUBLICATIONOFTHATPOSITIONPAPER,ACTIVENETWORKDESIGNFRAMEWORK2,3,10HASSLOWLYTAKENSHAPEINTHELATE1990STHEACTIVENETWORKPARADIGMALLOWSPROGRAMCODEANDDATATOBEDELIVEREDSIMULTANEOUSLYONTHEINTERNETMOREOVER,THEYMAYGETEXECUTEDANDMODIFIEDONTHEIRWAYSTOTHEIRDESTINATIONSATTHEMOMENT,THEREISAGLOBALACTIVENETWORKBACKBONE,THEABONE,FOREXPERIMENTSONACTIVENETWORKSAPARTFROMTHEIMMATURITYOFTHEEXECUTINGPLATFORM,THEPRIMARYHINDRANCEONTHEDEPLOYMENTOFACTIVENETWORKSONTHEINTERNETISMOREONTHECOMMERCIALLYRELATEDISSUESFOREXAMPLE,AVENDORMAYHESITATETOALLOWNETWORKROUTERSTORUNSOMEUNKNOWNPROGRAMSTHATMAYAFFECTTHEIREXPECTEDROUTINGPERFORMANCEASARESULT,ALTERNATIVESWEREPROPOSEDTOALLOWACTIVENETWORKCONCEPTTOOPERATEONTHEINTERNET,SUCHASTHEAPPLICATIONLAYERACTIVENETWORKINGALANPROJECT4FROMTHEEUROPEANRESEARCHCOMMUNITYINTHEALANPROJECT,THEREAREACTIVESERVERSYSTEMSLOCATEDATDIFFERENTPLACESINTHENETWORKSANDACTIVEAPPLICATIONSAREALLOWEDTORUNINTHESESERVERSATTHEAPPLICATIONLAYERANOTHERPOTENTIALAPPROACHFROMTHENETWORKSERVICEPROVIDERISTOOFFERACTIVENETWORKSERVICEASTHEPREMIUMSERVICECLASSINTHENETWORKSTHISSERVICECLASSSHOULDPROVIDETHEBESTQUALITYOFSERVICEQOS,ANDALLOWTHEACCESSOFCOMPUTINGFACILITYINROUTERSWITHTHISAPPROACH,THENETWORKSERVICEPROVIDERSCANCREATEANEWSOURCEOFINCOMETHERESEARCHINACTIVENETWORKSHASBEENPROGRESSINGSTEADILYSINCEACTIVENETWORKSINTRODUCEPROGRAMMABILITYONTHEINTERNET,APPROPRIATEEXECUTINGPLATFORMSFORTHEACTIVEAPPLICATIONSTOEXECUTESHOULDBEESTABLISHEDTHESEOPERATINGPLATFORMSAREKNOWNASEXECUTIONENVIRONMENTSEESANDAFEWOFTHEMHAVEBEENCREATED,EG,THEACTIVESIGNALINGPROTOCOLASP12ANDTHEACTIVENETWORKTRANSPORTSYSTEMANTS11HENCE,DIFFERENTACTIVEAPPLICATIONSCANBEIMPLEMENTEDTOTESTTHEACTIVENETWORKINGCONCEPTWITHTHESEEES,SOMEEXPERIMENTSHAVEBEENCARRIEDOUTTOEXAMINETHEACTIVENETWORKCONCEPT,FOREXAMPLE,THEMOBILENETWORKS5,WEBPROXIES6,ANDMULTICASTROUTERS7ACTIVENETWORKSINTRODUCEALOTOFPROGRAMFLEXIBILITYANDEXTENSIBILITYINNETWORKSSEVERALRESEARCHGROUPSHAVEPROPOSEDVARIOUSDESIGNSOFEXECUTIONENVIRONMENTSTOOFFERNETWORKCOMPUTATIONWITHINROUTERSTHEIRPERFORMANCEANDPOTENTIALBENEFITSTOEXISTINGINFRASTRUCTUREAREBEINGEVALUATED8,9UNFORTUNATELY,THEYSELDOMCONCERNTHEINTEROPERABILITYPROBLEMSWHENTHEACTIVENETWORKSCONSISTOFMULTIPLEEXECUTIONENVIRONMENTSFOREXAMPLE,THEREARETHREEEESINABONEACTIVEAPPLICATIONSWRITTENFORONEPARTICULAREECANNOTBEOPERATEDONOTHERPLATFORMSTHISINTRODUCESANOTHERPROBLEMOFRESOURCESPARTITIONINGFORDIFFERENTEESTOOPERATEMOREOVER,THEREAREALWAYSSOMECRITICALNETWORKAPPLICATIONSTHATNEEDTORUNUNDERALLNETWORKROUTERS,SUCHASCOLLECTINGINFORMATIONANDDEPLOYINGSERVICEATCRITICALPOINTSTOMONITORTHENETWORKSINTHISPAPER,AFRAMEWORKKNOWNASACTIVENETWORKSOCKETPROGRAMMINGANSPMODELISPROPOSEDTOWORKWITHALLEESITOFFERSTHEFOLLOWINGPRIMARYOBJECTIVESONESINGLEPROGRAMMINGINTERFACEISINTRODUCEDFORWRITINGACTIVEAPPLICATIONSSINCEANSPOFFERSTHEPROGRAMMINGINTERFACE,THEDESIGNOFEECANBEMADEINDEPENDENTOFTHEANSP078037533X/02/1700CIEEE767478OTHERS’INFORMATIONTHEREAREVARIOUSWAYSTOENFORCETHEACCESSCONTROLONESIMPLEWAYISTOHAVEONEVIRTUALMACHINEFORONEINSTANCEOFACTIVEAPPLICATIONSTHISRELIESONTHESECURITYDESIGNINTHEVIRTUALMACHINESTOISOLATESERVICESANTSISONEEXAMPLETHATISUSINGTHISMETHODNEVERTHELESS,THEUSEOFMULTIPLEVIRTUALMACHINESREQUIRESRELATIVELYLARGEAMOUNTOFRESOURCESANDMAYBEINEFFICIENTINSOMECASESTHEREFORE,CERTAINENVIRONMENTS,SUCHASASP,ALLOWNETWORKSERVICESTORUNWITHINAVIRTUALMACHINEBUTRESTRICTTHEUSEOFTHEIRSERVICESTOALIMITEDSETOFLIBRARIESINTHEIRPACKAGESFORINSTANCE,ASPPROVIDESITSTHREADLIBRARYTOENFORCEACCESSCONTROLBECAUSEOFTHEDIFFERENCESINTHESETYPESOFTHREADMECHANISM,ANSPDEVISESANEWTHREADLIBRARYTOALLOWUNIFORMACCESSESTODIFFERENTTHREADMECHANISMSCSOFTSTORESOFTSTOREALLOWSCAPSULETOINSERTANDRETRIEVEINFORMATIONATAROUTER,THUSALLOWINGMORETHANONECAPSULESTOEXCHANGEINFORMATIONWITHINANETWORKHOWEVER,PROBLEMARISESWHENANETWORKSERVICECANEXECUTEUNDERDIFFERENTENVIRONMENTSWITHINAROUTERTHEPROBLEMOCCURSESPECIALLYWHENANETWORKSERVICEINSERTSITSSOFTSTOREINFORMATIONINONEENVIRONMENTANDRETRIEVESITSDATAATALATERTIMEINANOTHERENVIRONMENTATTHESAMEROUTERDUETOTHEFACTTHATEXECUTIONENVIRONMENTSARENOTALLOWEDTOEXCHANGEINFORMATION,THENETWORKSERVICECANNOTRETRIEVEITSPREVIOUSDATATHEREFORE,OURANSPFRAMEWORKNEEDSTOTAKEINTOACCOUNTOFTHISPROBLEMANDPROVIDESSOFTSTOREMECHANISMTHATALLOWSUNIVERSALACCESSOFITSDATAATEACHROUTERDGLOBALVIEWOFAUNIFIEDNETWORKWHENANACTIVEAPPLICATIONISWRITTENWITHANSP,ITCANEXECUTEONDIFFERENTENVIRONMENTSEAMLESSLYTHEPREVIOUSLYSMALLERANDPARTITIONEDNETWORKSBASEDONDIFFERENTEESCANNOWBEMERGINGINTOONELARGEACTIVENETWORKITISTHENNECESSARYTOADVISETHENETWORKTOPOLOGYACROSSTHENETWORKSHOWEVER,DIFFERENTEXECUTIONENVIRONMENTSHAVEDIFFERENTADDRESSINGSCHEMESANDPROPRIETARYROUTINGPROTOCOLSINORDERTOMERGETHESEPARTITIONSTOGETHER,ANSPMUSTPROVIDEANEWUNIFIEDADDRESSINGSCHEMETHISNEWSCHEMESHOULDBEINTERPRETABLEBYANYENVIRONMENTSTHROUGHAPPROPRIATETRANSLATIONSWITHTHEANSPUPONDEFININGTHENEWADDRESSINGSCHEME,ANEWROUTINGPROTOCOLSHOULDBEDESIGNEDTOOPERATEAMONGENVIRONMENTSTOEXCHANGETOPOLOGYINFORMATIONTHISALLOWSEACHENVIRONMENTINANETWORKTOHAVEACOMPLETEVIEWOFITSNETWORKTOPOLOGYELANGUAGEINDEPENDENTMODELEXECUTIONENVIRONMENTCANBEPROGRAMMEDINANYPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGEONEOFTHEMOSTCOMMONLYUSEDLANGUAGESISJAVA13DUETOITSDYNAMICCODELOADINGCAPABILITYINFACT,BOTHANTSANDASPAREDEVELOPEDINJAVANEVERTHELESS,THEACTIVENETWORKARCHITECTURESHOWNINFIGURE2DOESNOTRESTRICTTHEUSEOFADDITIONALENVIRONMENTSTHATAREDEVELOPEDINOTHERLANGUAGESFORINSTANCE,THEACTIVENETWORKDAEMON,ANTED,INABONEPROVIDESAWORKSPACETOEXECUTEMULTIPLEEXECUTIONENVIRONMENTSWITHINAROUTERPLAN,FOREXAMPLE,ISIMPLEMENTEDINOCAMLTHATWILLBEDEPLOYABLEONABONEINFUTUREALTHOUGHTHECURRENTACTIVENETWORKISDESIGNEDTODEPLOYMULTIPLEENVIRONMENTSTHATCANBEINANYPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGES,THERELACKSTHETOOLTOALLOWACTIVEAPPLICATIONSTORUNSEAMLESSLYUPONTHESEENVIRONMENTSHENCE,ONEOFTHEISSUESTHATANSPNEEDSTOADDRESSISTODESIGNAPROGRAMMINGMODELTHATCANWORKWITHDIFFERENTPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGESALTHOUGHOURCURRENTPROTOTYPEONLYCONSIDERSANTSANDASPINITSDESIGN,PLANWILLBETHENEXTTARGETTOADDRESSTHEPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGEISSUEANDTOIMPROVETHEDESIGNOFANSPFIGURE2ANSPFRAMEWORKMODELFHETEROGENEITYOFCAPSULEHEADERSTRUCTURETHESTRUCTURESOFTHECAPSULEHEADERSAREDIFFERENTINDIFFERENTEESTHEYCARRIESCAPSULERELATEDINFORMATION,FOREXAMPLE,THECAPSULETYPES,SOURCESANDDESTINATIONSTHISINFORMATIONISIMPORTANTWHENCERTAINDECISIONNEEDSTOBEMADEWITHINITSTARGETENVIRONMENTAUNIFIEDMODELSHOULDALLOWITSPROGRAMCODETOBEEXECUTEDONDIFFERENTENVIRONMENTSHOWEVER,THECAPSULEHEADERPREVENTSDIFFERENTENVIRONMENTSTOINTERPRETITSINFORMATIONSUCCESSFULLYTHEREFORE,ANSPSHOULDCARRYOUTAPPROPRIATETRANSLATIONTOTHEHEADERINFORMATIONBEFORETHETARGETENVIRONMENTRECEIVESTHISCAPSULEIIIANSPPROGRAMMINGMODELWEHAVEOUTLINEDTHEDESIGNISSUESENCOUNTEREDWITHTHEANSPINTHEFOLLOWING,THEDESIGNOFTHEPROGRAMMINGMODELINANSPWILLBEDISCUSSEDTHISPROPOSEDFRAMEWORKPROVIDESASETOFUNIFIEDPROGRAMMINGINTERFACESTHATALLOWSACTIVEAPPLICATIONSTOWORKONALLEXECUTIONENVIRONMENTSTHEFRAMEWORKISSHOWNINFIGURE2ITISCOMPOSEDOFTWOLAYERSINTEGRATEDWITHINTHEACTIVENETWORKARCHITECTURETHESETWOLAYERSCANOPERATEINDEPENDENTLYWITHOUTTHEOTHERLAYERTHEUPPERLAYERPROVIDESAUNIFIEDPROGRAMMINGMODELTOACTIVEAPPLICATIONSTHELOWERLAYERPROVIDESAPPROPRIATETRANSLATIONPROCEDURETOTHEANSPAPPLICATIONSWHENITISPROCESSEDBYDIFFERENTENVIRONMENTSTHISSERVICEISNECESSARYBECAUSEEACHENVIRONMENTHASITSOWNHEADERDEFINITIONTHEANSPFRAMEWORKPROVIDESASETOFPROGRAMMINGCALLSWHICHAREABSTRACTIONSOFANSPSERVICESANDRESOURCESACAPSULEBASEDMODELISUSEDFORANSP,ANDITISCURRENTLYEXTENDEDTOMAPTOOTHERCAPSULEBASEDMODELSUSEDINANTS787680

簡介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設計外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標題ANINFORMATIONACQUISITIONSYSTEMFORAGRICULTURALPRODUCTORIGINSAFETYBASEDONANDROIDSMARTPHONE外文作者SHOUHUIPAN,KAIYIWANG,ZHIBINWANG,YANYUNHAN1ANDXIAOFENGWANG文獻出處20192NDINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONMECHATRONICS,CONTROLANDAUTOMATIONENGINEERINGMCAE2019如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文2240單詞，14948字符字符就是印刷符，中文3438漢字。（如果字數(shù)多了，可自行刪減，大多數(shù)學校都是要求選取外文的一部分內(nèi)容進行翻譯的。）ANINFORMATIONACQUISITIONSYSTEMFORAGRICULTURALPRODUCTORIGINSAFETYBASEDONANDROIDSMARTPHONEKEYWORDSAGRICULTURALPRODUCT,ORIGINSAFETY,SMARTPHONEABSTRACTCURRENTLY,THEDATAACQUISITIONMETHODFORAGRICULTURALPRODUCTORIGINSAFETYISSTILLLAGGINGBEHIND,THUSITISDIFFICULTTOUPLOADTHEMONITORINGDATAINATIMELYANDCONVENIENTWAYANINFORMATIONACQUISITIONSYSTEMFORAGRICULTURALPRODUCTORIGINSAFETYBASEDONANDROIDSMARTPHONEWASDEVELOPEDTHEDESIGNOFTHEINFORMATIONACQUISITIONSYSTEMWASBASEDONTHEC/SARCHITECTURE,INCLUDINGSMARTPHONEAPPANDSERVERSIDESOFTWARETHESMARTPHONEAPPCANACHIEVETHERAPIDPOSITIONINGOFTHEMONITORINGPOINT,DATACORRECTION,REALTIMEDATATRANSMISSIONANDAUTOMATICARCHIVINGDEMONSTRATIONRESULTSSHOWTHATTHESYSTEMHASTHECHARACTERISTICSOFCONVENIENTCOLLECTION,RAPIDTRANSMISSIONANDHIGHEFFICIENCYCOMPAREDWITHTHETRADITIONALDATAACQUISITIONMODETHESYSTEMISSUITABLEFORTHEDATAACQUISITIONOFGRASSROOTSAGRICULTURALENVIRONMENTALMONITORINGSTATION,ANDITCANEFFECTIVELYTHEFRAMEWORKOFTHESYSTEMTHEFOLLOWINGPRINCIPLESSUCHASPRACTICABILITY,PROGRESSIVENESS,OPENNESS,ADAPTABILITYANDSECURITYWEREFOLLOWEDINTHEDESIGNOFTHESYSTEMTHEPRACTICALITYOFTHESYSTEMWASCONSIDEREDPRIORITY,IE,THEFUNCTIONALMODULESOFTHESYSTEMMUSTMEETTHEPRACTICALNEEDSOFDATAACQUISITIONOFAGRICULTURALORIGINSAFETYONTHISBASIS,THEFOLLOWINGPRINCIPLESSUCHASPROGRESSIVENESS,OPENNESS,ADAPTABILITYAREEMPHASIZEDLASTBUTNOTLEAST,SECURITYSHOULDBEPAIDSPECIALATTENTIONINORDERTOENSURETHESECURITYOFDATAINTHESYSTEMDESIGNMANYSECURITYMEASURESSUCHASUSERACCESSPOLICY,DATAENCRYPTIONANDSECUREACCESSAUTHENTICATION,WERECONDUCTEDTOENSURETHESECURITYOFDATATHESAFETYDATACOLLECTIONSYSTEMOFAGRICULTURALPRODUCTSORIGINCONSISTEDOFTWOPARTSCOLLECTINGTERMINALSOFTWARESMARTPHONEAPPANDSERVERSIDEPROGRAM,ADOPTINGC/SARCHITECTUREDESIGNWHERETHESMARTPHONEAPPWASMAINLYRESPONSIBLEFORDATAQUERY,DATACOLLECTIONANDSUBMISSIONSERVERSIDEPROGRAMWASMAINLYRESPONSIBLEFORDATASTORAGE,PROCESSINGANDSTATISTICALANALYSISDATAEXCHANGEBETWEENSMARTPHONEAPPANDSERVERSIDEPROGRAMWASCONDUCTEDBYCALLINGWEBSERVICEASSHOWNINFIGURE1,THEOVERALLARCHITECTUREOFTHESYSTEMWASDIVIDEDINTOTHREELAYERSBUSINESSAPPLICATIONLAYER,APPLICATIONSUPPORTLAYERANDDATABASELAYERTHESERVERCONSISTEDOFAPPLICATIONSERVERANDDATABASESERVER,WHEREAPPLICATIONSERVERPROGRAMWASDEVELOPEDBYJAVALANGUAGEJDK16,HIBERNATE4ANDSPRING4BASEDONECLIPSEIDEPLATFORM,ANDDATABASESERVERWASMAINLYRESPONSIBLEFORTHESTORAGEOFDATA,ONWHICHTHEMYSQL56SOFTWAREISRUNNINGTHESMARTPHONEAPPWASDEVELOPEDUSINGANDROIDSTUDIOIDEBASEDONANDROIDSDKVERSION60THATCANCOMPATIBLEWITHANDROIDVERSION40ABOVETHERESTOFTHEPAPERWILLINTRODUCETHEARCHITECTUREANDFUNCTIONALFEATURESOFMOBILEAPPINDETAIL

簡介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設計外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標題AREVIEWONTHEAPPLICATIONSOFPROGRAMMABLELOGICCONTROLLERSPLCS外文作者EPHREMRYANALPHONSUS,MOHAMMADOMARABDULLAH文獻出處RENEWABLEANDSUSTAINABLEENERGYREVIEWS6020191185–1205如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文4996單詞，31840字符字符就是印刷符，中文8000漢字。（如果字數(shù)多了，可自行刪減，大多數(shù)學校都是要求選取外文的一部分內(nèi)容進行翻譯的。）AREVIEWONTHEAPPLICATIONSOFPROGRAMMABLELOGICCONTROLLERSPLCSABSTRACTASTHENEEDOFAUTOMATIONINCREASESSIGNIFICANTLY,ACONTROLSYSTEMNEEDSTOBEEASILYPROGRAMMABLE,FLEXIBLE,RELIABLE,ROBUSTANDCOSTEFFECTIVEINTHISPAPERAREVIEWONTHEAPPLICATIONOFPROGRAMMABLELOGICCONTROLLERPLCINOURCURRENTMARKETISDISCUSSEDINVESTIGATIONSONTHEAPPLICATIONSOFPLCSINENERGYRESEARCH,ENGINEERINGSTUDIES,INDUSTRIALCONTROLAPPLICATIONSANDMONITORINGOFPLANTSAREREVIEWEDINTHISPAPERPLCSDOHAVEITSOWNLIMITATIONS,BUTFINDINGSINDICATETHATPLCSHAVEMOREADVANTAGESTHANLIMITATIONSTHISPAPERCONCLUDESTHATPLCSCANBEUSEDFORANYAPPLICATIONSWHETHERITISOFSIMPLEORCOMPLICATEDCONTROLSYSTEMKEYWORDSPLC；ENERGYSYSTEMS；INDUSTRIALCONTROL；MONITORING1INTRODUCTIONPROGRAMMABLELOGICCONTROLLERSPLCARECOMPUTERBASED,SOLIDSTATE,SINGLEPROCESSORDEVICESTHATEMULATETHEBEHAVIOROFANELECTRICLADDERDIAGRAM1CAPABLEOFCONTROLLINGMANYTYPESOFINDUSTRIALEQUIPMENTANDENTIREAUTOMATEDSYSTEMS2PLCSAREUSUALLYAMAINPARTOFAUTOMATICSYSTEMSININDUSTRY3THEYAREVERYEFFICIENTANDRELIABLEINAPPLICATIONSINVOLVINGSEQUENTIALCONTROLANDTHESYNCHRONIZATIONOFPROCESSESANDAUXILIARYELEMENTSINTHEMANUFACTURING,CHEMICALITMUSTPROVIDEFLEXIBILITYBYIMPLEMENTINGCIRCUITMODIFICATIONSQUICKLYANDEASILYTHROUGHSOFTWARECHANGESITMUSTBEDESIGNEDTOUSEAPROGRAMMINGLANGUAGEINLADDERDIAGRAMFORMALREADYFAMILIARTOTECHNICIANSANDELECTRICIANSITMUSTALLOWFIELDWIRINGTOBETERMINATEDONINPUT/OUTPUTTERMINALSOFTHECONTROLLERGMUSEDTHISLISTOFSPECIFICATIONSWHENITSOLICITEDINTERESTEDCOMPANIESTODEVELOPADEVICETHATMETITSDESIGNREQUIREMENTSDICKMORLEYCONCEIVEDTHEFIRSTPROGRAMMABLECONTROLLERONJANUARY1,196814WHENHISCOMPANY,GOULDMODICONCOMPANYDEVELOPEDTHEFIRSTPLC2,11,14,THEFIRSTMODEL084PLCWASINSTALLEDATTHEOLDSMOBILEDIVISIONOFGENERALMOTORSCORPORATIONANDTHELANDISCOMPANYINLANDIS,PENNSYLVANIATHEFIRSTPLCWASLARGEANDEXPENSIVETHEYWERECAPABLEOFONOFFCONTROLONLY,WHICHLIMITEDTHEIRAPPLICATIONSTOOPERATIONSTHATREQUIREDREPETITIVEMOVEMENTSINNOVATIONSANDIMPROVEMENTSINMICROPROCESSORTECHNOLOGYANDSOFTWAREPROGRAMMINGTECHNIQUESHAVEADDEDMOREFEATURESANDCAPABILITIESTOTHEPLCTHISENHANCEMENTSENABLETHEPLCTOPERFORMMORECOMPLEXMOTIONANDPROCESSCONTROLAPPLICATIONS,ANDWITHGREATERSPEEDPRESENTLY,MORETHANADOZENMANUFACTURERSPRODUCEPLCS,TABLE1MOSTOFTHESECOMPANIESMAKESEVERALMODELSTHATVARYINSIZE,COSTANDSOPHISTICATIONTOMEETTHENEEDSOFSPECIFICAPPLICATIONS

簡介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設計外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標題DESIGNAPPROACHESOFWEBAPPLICATIONWITHEFFICIENTPERFORMANCEINJAVA外文作者OHSOOKWONANDHYEJABANG文獻出處IJCSNSINTERNATIONALJOURNALOFCOMPUTERSCIENCEANDNETWORKSECURITY,VOL11NO7,JULY2018如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文2320單詞，14857字符字符就是印刷符，中文3894漢字。（如果字數(shù)多了，可自行刪減，大多數(shù)學校都是要求選取外文的一部分內(nèi)容進行翻譯的。）DESIGNAPPROACHESOFWEBAPPLICATIONWITHEFFICIENTPERFORMANCEINJAVAABSTRACTSYSTEMIMPLEMENTATIONUSINGCLIENT/SERVERBASEDONWEBBYSPREADINGFASTISBECOMINGCOMMONTHISKINDOFWEBENVIRONMENTINTRODUCTIONSOLVEDMANYPROBLEMSSUCHASTHEDEPENDENCYANDDISTRIBUTIONDIFFICULTY,HIGHCOST,ETCWEBAPPLICATIONANDWEBSERVICETECHNOLOGYHASMORECLOSELYANDEFFECTIVELYDEVELOPEDTOMAXIMIZETHEPOSITIVEPOINTOFWEBENVIRONMENTBASEDONTHEPOSITIVEPOINT,INTHISPAPER,WEPROPOSEANDIMPLEMENTWEBAPPLICATIONDESIGNMETHODTOIMPLEMENTITEFFECTIVELYANDALSO,WENEEDTOMAKEITPOSSIBLETOIMPLEMENTONANYPLATFORMBASEDONJAVAFIRST,WEHAVEIMPLEMENTEDREUSABLESQLSERVLETDATABASESEARCH,REGISTRATION,UPDATE,DELETE,ETCFASTANDCONVENIENTUSINGSQLSERVLETFORONLYSQLSERVICESECOND,ITWRITESBUSINESSLOGICTOTHEJSPFILEWITHFORWARDSERVLETTOPREVENTRESTARTINGTHEWEBSERVER,SOITCANPREVENTRESTARTINGTHESERVERWHENCOMPILINGFROMADDINGORCHANGINGJAVAFILETHESETWOMETHODSPROVIDEEASINESS,ANDSHORTENINGTHEDEVELOPINGPERIOD,SCALABILITYANDFLEXIBILITYHAVEIMPROVED,ANDITISVERYEFFECTIVEWAYFORTHEMAINTENANCERELATEDCLASSFILE,SUBDIRECTORYSERVLETFILESANDRELATEDCLASSFILES,JAVABEANSCLASSDIRECTORYANDLIBDIRECTORYOFLIBRARYFILESWHICHISUSEDINWEBAPPLICATIONTHEACTUALWEBAPPLICATIONDIRECTORYLOCATIONANDSTRUCTUREAREASFOLLOW1FIGURE1WEBAPPLICATIONDIRECTORYSTRUCTURETHEDESCRIPTIONSOFWEBAPPLICATIONDIRECTORYSTRUCTUREISASFOLLOWPROPERTIESITISANENVIRONMENTSETFILETOWARDWEBAPPLICATIONCONFIGURATIONBASICALLY,WEBAPPLICATIONSETTINGWASSETASDEFAULTSOURCEITISADIRECTORYFORBUSINESSLOGICJAVAFILESWHICHWILLBEUSEDFORWEBAPPLICATIONWEBPAGEITSTORESHTML,IMAGE,JAVASCRIPTFILE,ETCTOTHEBASEDOCDIRECTORYOFWEBAPPLICATIONWEBINF

簡介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設計外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標題COSTMANAGEMENT,ENTREPRENEURSHIPANDCOMPETITIVENESSOFSTRATEGICPRIORITIESFORSMALLANDMEDIUMENTERPRISES外文作者AMIRAZRIYAH，AUZAIRSOFIAHMD，AMIRUDDINROZITA文獻出處PROCEDIASOCIALANDBEHAVIORALSCIENCES21920188490如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文3866單詞，26935字符字符就是印刷符，中文6090漢字。（如果字數(shù)多了，可自行刪減，大多數(shù)學校都是要求選取外文的一部分內(nèi)容進行翻譯的。）COSTMANAGEMENT,ENTREPRENEURSHIPANDCOMPETITIVENESSOFSTRATEGICPRIORITIESFORSMALLANDMEDIUMENTERPRISESABSTRACTINTHISPAPER,WEEXAMINETHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENCOSTMANAGEMENTPRACTICESANDCOMPETITIVENESSOFSTRATEGICPRIORITIESOFSMALLANDMEDIUMENTERPRISESSMESBASEDONRESOURCEBASEDVIEWTHEORY,WEARGUETHATCOSTMANAGEMENTISANIMPORTANTRESOURCETODEVELOPCOMPETITIVENESSOFSTRATEGICPRIORITIESOFSMESTHISPAPERPOSITSTHATTHEREISAPOSITIVERELATIONSHIPBETWEENCOSTMANAGEMENTPRACTICESANDCOMPETITIVENESSOFSTRATEGICPRIORITIESOFSMESQUESTIONNAIRESURVEYSWEREMAILEDTOEITHEROWNERSORSENIORMANAGEMENTOFSMESINMALAYSIATHISSTUDYAPPLIESFACTORANALYSISANDREGRESSIONTOTESTTHEHYPOTHESESCONSISTENTWITHPREVIOUSRESEARCH,THERESULTSOFTHISSTUDYPROVIDEEVIDENCETHATCOSTMANAGEMENTPRACTICESISPOSITIVELYASSOCIATEDWITHSMECOMPETITIVENESSOFSTRATEGICPRIORITIESAFURTHERANALYSISDEMONSTRATESTHATTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENCOSTMANAGEMENTPRACTICESANDSMES’COMPETITIVENESSOFSTRATEGICPRIORITIESISMEDIATEDBYENTREPRENEURSHIPCAPABILITIESTHISSTUDYCONTRIBUTESTOTHELITERATUREONRESOURCEBASEDVIEWBYEXTENDINGTHEUNDERSTANDINGOFINTEGRATEDEFFECTSOFCOSTMANAGEMENTPRACTICESANDENTREPRENEURSHIPONCOMPETITIVENESSOFSTRATEGICPRIORITIESINTERMSOFPRACTICALCONTRIBUTION,THERESULTSOFTHISSTUDYCANBEUSEDBYREGULATORS,POLICYMAKERSANDSMES’OWNERSINDEVELOPINGTHERIGHTRESOURCESTOENHANCETHECOMPETITIVENESSOFSMES’STRATEGICPRIORITIESCOULDASSISTORGANIZATIONSTOACHIEVECOMPETITIVEADVANTAGESANDCREATEMARKETDIFFERENTIATIONENTREPRENEURSHIPCAPABILITIESWILLALSOAFFECTTHEEFFECTIVENESSOFMANAGEMENTPRACTICESOFSMESATESETAL,2013MOHDNIZAM2012THUS,THESECONDOBJECTIVEOFTHISSTUDYISTOEXAMINEWHETHERTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENCOSTMANAGEMENTPRACTICESANDSMES’COMPETITIVENESSOFSTRATEGICPRIORITIESCANBEMEDIATEDBYENTREPRENEURSHIPCAPABILITIESQUESTIONNAIRESURVEYSWEREMAILEDTOEITHEROWNERSORSENIORMANAGEMENTOFSMESRESPONDENTSARESELECTEDRANDOMLYFROMSMECORPLISTINGWEPERFORMFACTORANALYSESTOSCALEDOWNOURQUESTIONNAIREITEMSINTOVARIABLESANDREGRESSIONANALYSESTOTESTTHEHYPOTHESESTHISSTUDYALSOUSEDTHEMACROANALYSISINSPSSWHICHISPROCESSMACROINTRODUCEDBYHAYES2013THISSTUDYCONTRIBUTESTORESOURCEBASEDTHEORYBYTESTINGTHEROLEOFCOSTMANAGEMENTPRACTICESTOACHIEVESMES’COMPETITIVEADVANTAGESWEALSOCONSIDERENTREPRENEURSHIPCAPABILITIESASTHEMEDIATINGROLEINTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENCOSTMANAGEMENTPRACTICESANDCOMPETITIVENESSOFSTRATEGICPRIORITIESOURSTUDYPROVIDEUNIQUEEVIDENCEONTHEROLEOFCOSTMANAGEMENTPRACTICESINSMESENVIRONMENTINACHIEVINGCOMPETITIVENESSOFSTRATEGICPRIORITIESINCOMPARISONTOPRIORSTUDIESTHATAREONLYEVIDENCEDINLARGERFIRMSTHEREMAINDEROFTHEPAPERISORGANIZEDASFOLLOWSFIRSTWEPROVIDETHEBACKGROUNDLITERATURESECOND,WEDESCRIBETHERESOURCEBASEDVIEWTHEORYANDDEVELOPTHEHYPOTHESESTHIRD,WEPRESENTTHEEMPIRICALANALYSISANDFINALLY,WEPROVIDESOMECONCLUDINGREMARKS2LITERATUREREVIEW21SMECOMPETITIVENESSOFSTRATEGICPRIORITIESCOMPETITIVENESSOFSTRATEGICPRIORITIESREFERSTOTHECOMPETITIONBETWEENSTRATEGICPRIORITIESINMEETINGCUSTOMERREQUIREMENTSANDCOSTMANAGEMENTEFFICIENCYCOMPETITIVENESSOFSTRATEGICPRIORITIESCANALSOBEREFERREDASTHESUCCESSFULOUTCOMEOFTHESTRATEGICPRIORITIESTHATBASEDONTHESTRATEGICPRIORITIESOFTHECOMPETITIONOFTHEFIRMCHENHALL,2005ACCORDINGTOMILLERETAL1992,STRATEGICPRIORITIESDEPENDSONTHEPRODUCTFEATURESWHICHISCOMBINATIONOFCOSTLEADERSHIPSTRATEGIESANDDIFFERENTIATIONSTRATEGIESPRODUCTDIFFERENTIATIONSTRATEGYISFOCUSINGONSTRATEGIESTHAT

簡介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設計外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標題THEDESIGNANDREALIZATIONOFPECOURSESELECTIONSYSTEMBASEDONB/S/SSTRUCTURETECHNOLOGY外文作者WEIDONGLI，YUKUOWANG文獻出處2018INTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONCOMPUTATIONALANDINFORMATIONSCIENCES如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文2363單詞，14723字符字符就是印刷符，中文3717漢字。（如果字數(shù)多了，可自行刪減，大多數(shù)學校都是要求選取外文的一部分內(nèi)容進行翻譯的。）THEDESIGNANDREALIZATIONOFPECOURSESELECTIONSYSTEMBASEDONB/S/SSTRUCTURETECHNOLOGYABSTRACTINORDERTOSOLVETHEPROBLEMSINCOLLEGEPECOURSESELECTIONSUCHASTHEDISORDER,BEINGTIMECONSUMINGANDHARDTOMANAGE,THISPAPER,CONSIDERINGTHESPECIALTYCHARACTERISTICSOFCOLLEGEPECOURSEMANAGEMENT,CONSTRUCTSONLINECOURSESELECTIONSYSTEMBASEDONB/S/SMODEBYADOPTINGASPDYNAMICWEBPAGESTECHNOLOGYCOMBINEDWITHDATABASETECHNOLOGYODBCANDADOTHESYSTEMINCLUDESTHREEFUNCTIONMODULESSTUDENTS’FUNCTIONMODULE,TEACHERS’FUNCTIONMODULEANDADMINISTRATOR’SFUNCTIONMODULE,ANDITREALIZESTHEFUNCTIONSSUCHASINFORMATIONSETTING,INFORMATIONQUERY,INFORMATIONBROWSING,INFORMATIONMODIFICATIONANDINFORMATIONADDITION,ETCMEANWHILE,THISPAPERALSOPUTSEMPHASISONTHEINTRODUCTIONOFVARIOUSFUNCTIONMODULES,SYSTEMSTRUCTURE,KEYTECHNOLOGY,ANDDESIGNOFDATABASEANDTHEREALIZATIONOFSECURITYMECHANISMOFTHESYSTEMAFTERTEST,THISSYSTEMHASTHECHARACTERISTICSOFCONVENIENT,FASTANDSTABLEOPERATION,ANDITHASASTRONGINTERACTIONTHISSYSTEMBASICALLYREALIZESTHEFUNCTIONSSUCHASONLINECOURSESELECTION,COURSESELECTIONMANAGEMENT,ANDCOURSESELECTIONQUERY,ETC,WHICHSATISFIESTHEDEMANDSOFCOLLEGEPETEACHINGINFORMATIZATIONMANAGEMENTTHESYSTEMTAKESADOACTIVEXDATAOBJECTCOMPONENTASDATABASESOLUTION23,BECAUSEADOISALMOSTCOMPATIBLEWITHALLKINDSOFDATABASESYSTEMSINASPPAGES,ADOOBJECTSCANBECALLEDTOREALIZETHEOPERATIONTODATABASE,WHICHACCESSESDATABASETHROUGHODBCORRELEVANTDATABASEENGINETOCGIPROGRAM,ITISMULTITHREADINGANDWHENALARGENUMBEROFCONCURRENTREQUESTSOCCUR,ITCANMAINTAINTHEOPERATIONEFFICIENCYOFTHESERVERCOMPAREDTOISAPI,ITSDEVELOPINGTOOLLANGUAGEISSIMPLE,ITSWORKLOADISLITTLE,ITTAKESLESSSYSTEMRESOURCESANDITSEFFICIENCYISVERYHIGH,BUTBECAUSEISAPIPROCESSANDSERVERPROCESSAREINTHESAMESYSTEMPROCESSSPACE,AVIOLATIONOPERATIONMAYLEADTOTHECOLLAPSEOFTHEWEBSERVER,ESPECIALLYFORPECOURSESELECTIONSYSTEMWHICHISANEWNETWORKAPPLICATIONSOFTWARE,MISTAKECANNOTBEAVOIDEDINOPERATIONTHUS,THEADVANTAGESOFAODSHOULDBEUTILIZEDEASYTOUSE,HIGHSPEED,TAKINGSMALLMEMORYANDDISKSPACEBYCOMBINATIONWITHASP,WEBPAGESCANBESETUPTOPROVIDEDATABASEINFORMATIONANDALLOWVISITORSTOREALIZETHEFUNCTIONSSUCHASQUERYING,INSERTING,UPDATINGANDDELETINGSTATIONSERVERINTHEBROWSERFIGURE2FIGURE2THESYSTEMSTRUCTUREOFASPDATABASEACCESSTECHNOLOGYIIISYSTEMSTRUCTURETHISSYSTEMADOPTSB/S/SSTRUCTURE,WHICHSTANDSFORTHECURRENTDEVELOPMENTTENDENCYOFDATABASEAPPLICATIONSOFTWARETECHNOLOGY4B/S/SSTRUCTUREISTHEINHERITANCEANDDEVELOPMENTOFC/SSTRUCTURE,WHICHISTHEDATABASESYSTEMSTRUCTUREFORMEDINTHEPROCESSOFTHECOMBINATIONOFINTERNETTECHNOLOGYANDDATABASETECHNOLOGYB/S/SSTRUCTUREISBASEDONTCP/IPOPENNETWORKSTANDARDPROTOCOLS,WHICHHAVESTRONGSYSTEMINDEPENDENCEANDPLATFORMINDEPENDENCEITFULLYDISPLAYSTHEHIGHLYEFFICIENTDATASTORAGEANDDATAMANAGEMENTCAPACITYOFDBMSANDAPPLIES

簡介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設計外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標題MOTIVATINGFACTORSANDBARRIERSINTHECOMMENCEMENTOFONE’SOWNBUSINESSFORPOTENTIALENTREPRENEURS外文作者MARCINSTANIEWSKIKATARZYNAAWRUK文獻出處ECONOMICRESEARCH,2019，VOL28,NO1,583–592如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文4449單詞，29563字符字符就是印刷符，中文7173漢字。（如果字數(shù)多了，可自行刪減，大多數(shù)學校都是要求選取外文的一部分內(nèi)容進行翻譯的。）MOTIVATINGFACTORSANDBARRIERSINTHECOMMENCEMENTOFONE’SOWNBUSINESSFORPOTENTIALENTREPRENEURSABSTRACTTHISPAPERAIMSTORECOGNISETHEFACTORSTHATMOTIVATEPOTENTIALENTREPRENEURSINTHECOMMENCEMENTOFONE’SOWNBUSINESSACTIVITYANDTODETERMINEFACTORSTHATHAMPERPOTENTIALENTREPRENEURSINSTARTINGUPTHEIROWNBUSINESSESTHESTUDYWASCONDUCTEDBYSURVEYING255PEOPLEWHOPLANNEDTOSTARTTHEIROWNBUSINESSTHEAUTHOR’SQUESTIONNAIREWASADMINISTEREDTOALLPARTICIPANTSRESPONDENTSRECOGNISEDTHREEMAINFACTORSTHATMOTIVATEPEOPLETOTHECOMMENCEMENTOFONE’SOWNBUSINESSACTIVITYSELFREALISATIONANDSELFSATISFACTION,THEPOSSIBILITYOFHIGHEREARNINGSANDINDEPENDENCEINDECISIONMAKINGAMONGTHEFACTORSTHATHAMPERTHECOMMENCEMENTOFONE’SOWNBUSINESS,RESPONDENTSCITEDLACKOFEXPERIENCE,LACKOFCAPITALANDRISKOFFAILURETHEREWASNODIFFERENCEBETWEENWOMENANDMENWITHREGARDTOMOTIVESANDBARRIERSYOUNGERENTREPRENEURSPERCEIVEDMOREBARRIERSTHANOLDERENTREPRENEURSTHEREWASNODISCERNIBLERELATIONSHIPBETWEENAGEANDMOTIVETOTHECOMMENCEMENTOFONE’SOWNBUSINESSINSTITUTIONSHANDLINGFINANCIALAIDSHOULDPAYPARTICULARATTENTIONTOTHEMOTIVESBEHINDSETTINGUPABUSINESSDECIDINGTOAIDACOMPANYSHOULDBEPRECEDEDBYANINDEPTHANALYSISOFWHATTHEENTREPRENEURPERCEIVESTOBETHEBARRIERSTOSTARTINGHIS/HEROWNBUSINESSASLACKOFFUNDSISFREQUENTLYNOTTHEONLY,OREVENTHEKEY,OBSTACLEBUSINESSESRECEIVESUPPORTFROMGOVERNMENTINSTITUTIONS,FAMILIESOROTHERSOCIALNETWORKS,ONLYASMALLPERCENTAGEOFNEWENTREPRENEURSWILLACHIEVEACTUALSUCCESS,WHICHISMEASUREDBYTHECOMPANYSURVIVINGTHECRITICALPERIODOFTHEFIRSTFOURYEARSFOLLOWINGITSESTABLISHMENTFORINSTANCE,INPOLAND,ONLYTHREEOUTOFEVERYFOURBUSINESSESSURVIVETHEIRFIRSTYEAROFOPERATIONTHERATEWAS766IN2011G?óWNYURZ?DSTATYSTYCZNYGUS,2014THESURVIVALRATEDECLINESREMARKABLYINSUBSEQUENTYEARS–TO54INTHESECONDYEARAND32INTHEFIFTHYEAROFOPERATIONTARNAWAZADURALICHOTA,2013THEFOURTHARGUMENTPERTAINSTOTHEHIGHRATEOFPOTENTIALENTREPRENEURSINPOLAND,STUDENTSWHOPLANTOSTARTTHEIROWNBUSINESSJUSTAFTERGRADUATIONFROMUNIVERSITYMAKEUPTHELARGESTGROUPOFPOTENTIALENTREPRENEURSBERNAT,KORPYSA,KUNASZ,2008TAKINGINTOACCOUNTTHESEFOURARGUMENTS,WEASSUMETHISSTUDYSHOULDBEAIMEDATRECOGNISINGTHEMOTIVESANDBARRIERSTOSTARTINGUPABUSINESSPERCEIVEDBYAGROUPOFPOTENTIALENTREPRENEURS2LITERATUREREVIEWNUMEROUSSTUDIESHAVESHOWNTHATENTREPRENEURSHIPPLAYSANIMPORTANTROLEINCONTEMPORARYSOCIETIESENTREPRENEURSHIPINFLUENCESECONOMICGROWTH,CREATESBETTERWORKPLACES,SECURESSOCIALUNITY,PREVENTSSOCIALMARGINALISATIONDIMITRIADIS,2008,P84,CREATESSOMETHINGNEWANDVALUABLEJANASZ,2004,PP18–24,LEADSTODEVELOPMENTOFENTERPRISES,IMPROVESPRODUCTIVITYOFTHELABOURFORCE,CONTRIBUTESTOTHECREATIONOFNEWTECHNOLOGIES,GOODSANDSERVICES,CHANGESANDREVIVESCOMPETITIONINTHEMARKETPLACEBRZEZI?SKI,2007,P21,PROVIDESPEOPLEWITHANOPPORTUNITYTOTAKECHANCESDIMITRIADIS,2008,P85,SOLVESNEWPROBLEMSINACREATIVEWAY,ANDSECURESFLEXIBLEADAPTATIONTOCHANGESINTHEENVIRONMENTDRUCKER,1999,P58IFENTREPRENEURSHIPPRODUCESSOMANYBENEFITS,ITSEEMSESSENTIALTOEXPLORETHEFACTORSTHATCOULDFACILITATEORHINDERTHECOMMENCEMENTOFONE’SOWNBUSINESSACTIVITYTHUS,TWOQUESTIONSARISEWHATMOTIVESAREESSENTIALAND/ORPIVOTALFORPOTENTIALENTREPRENEURSWHATVARIABLESENCOURAGEPEOPLETOTHECOMMENCEMENTOFTHEIROWNBUSINESSES

簡介：此文檔是畢業(yè)設計外文翻譯成品（含英文原文中文翻譯），無需調(diào)整復雜的格式下載之后直接可用，方便快捷本文價格不貴,也就幾十塊錢一輩子也就一次的事外文標題RESEARCHANDAPPLICATIONSINECOMMERCEANDTHIRDPARTYLOGISTICSMANAGEMENT外文作者ANGAPPAGUNASEKARAN，JOSEPHSARKIS文獻出處INTJPRODUCTIONECONOMICS1132018123–126如覺得年份太老，可改為近2年，畢竟很多畢業(yè)生都這樣做英文2558單詞，17149字符字符就是印刷符，中文4354漢字。（如果字數(shù)多了，可自行刪減，大多數(shù)學校都是要求選取外文的一部分內(nèi)容進行翻譯的。）RESEARCHANDAPPLICATIONSINECOMMERCEANDTHIRDPARTYLOGISTICSMANAGEMENTABSTRACTLOGISTICSPLAYSAMAJORROLEINENHANCINGORGANIZATIONALCOMPETITIVENESSBYIMPROVINGTHEINFORMATIONANDMATERIALFLOWSALONGTHESUPPLYCHAINOPERATIONSMANAGEMENTSTRATEGIESANDTECHNIQUESAREAPPLICABLEINTHEDESIGN,DEVELOPMENTANDMANAGEMENTOFLOGISTICSSYSTEMSLOGISTICSACTIVITIESINCLUDEINVENTORYMANAGEMENT,WAREHOUSINGOPERATIONS,CONSOLIDATIONANDPACKAGING,TRANSPORTATIONANDLOGISTICSINFORMATIONSYSTEMSLISSUCCESSFULLOGISTICSOPERATIONSNOTONLYENABLERAPIDORGANIZATIONALMARKETREACH,WITHDELIVERYOFCOMPETITIVEPRODUCTS,BUTITMAYALSOREDUCETHETOTALCOSTOFTHESEPRODUCTSWHILESIMULTANEOUSLYIMPROVINGCUSTOMERSATISFACTIONLOGISTICSMANAGEMENTSTUDIESHAVEFOCUSEDONOUTSOURCING,SUPPLIERDEVELOPMENT,MANAGINGINVENTORYANDOTHERSTRATEGIESFORCONTAININGANDREDUCINGSHIPPINGCOSTALTERNATIVELY,ECOMMERCELOGISTICSECLANDTHIRDPARTYLOGISTICS3PLAREADOPTEDANDDESIGNEDFORFLEXIBILITYANDRESPONSIVENESSTODYNAMICMARKETREQUIREMENTSMANYISSUESARISEINTHEMANAGEMENTOFTHESEORGANIZATIONALPRACTICES,FOREXAMPLE,ANINTERESTINGPROPOSITIONBEHINDTHEECLANDARTICLESAPPEARINGINTHISSPECIALISSUECLEARLYIDENTIFYPROBLEMSASSOCIATEDWITHTHEINTEGRATIONOFINTRAENTERPRISEINFORMATIONFLOWSINALOGISTICSVALUECHAINWITHTHEOBJECTIVEOFIMPROVINGFLEXIBILITYANDRESPONSIVENESSOFORGANIZATIONSINEMARKETSINNOVATIVEANDHIGHQUALITYCONCEPTUAL,ANALYTICALMODELS,EMPIRICALANDCASESTUDIESADDRESSINGTHEISSUESOFDESIGNANDIMPLEMENTATIONOFECLAND3PLORRELATEDISSUESAREALSOAPPARENTINTHISSPECIALISSUEWENOWPROVIDEANOVERVIEWOFTHEVARIOUSRESEARCHINVESTIGATIONSTHATAPPEARINTHISSPECIALISSUE3PLISCURRENTLYATTRACTINGCONSIDERABLERESEARCHATTENTION,ASISEVIDENTBYTHISSPECIALISSUEDESPITETHEGROWINGBODYOFLITERATUREONTHISTOPIC,PRECIOUSLITTLEEFFORTHASBEENDEVOTEDTOSYNTHESIZINGTHEOVERALLSTATEOFARTINRESEARCHON3PLINTHEPAPER,‘‘THIRDPARTYLOGISTICSALITERATUREREVIEW’’,MARASCOREVIEWSTHESTATUSOFRESEARCHANDPRACTITIONERLITERATUREON3PLALITERATUREREVIEWSCHEMEISPRESENTEDATOTALOF152ARTICLESPUBLISHEDBETWEEN1989AND2006IN33REPUTABLEINTERNATIONALJOURNALSAREREVIEWEDANDCLASSIFIEDINTOCONTENTANDMETHODOLOGYRELATEDISSUESBASEDONTHEREVIEW,SUGGESTIONSFORFUTURERESEARCHAREPROVIDEDASTHEINCREASINGGROWTHOFTHEINTERNETHASCHANGEDTHEWAYCORPORATIONSCONDUCTBUSINESS,LOGISTICSSERVICEPROVIDERSMUSTCONSIDERCHANGINGTHEIRTRADITIONALLOGISTICSSYSTEMINTOANELECTRONICELOGISTICSSYSTEMTHEPURPOSEOFTHESECONDPAPERINTHESPECIALISSUE,TITLED‘‘SELECTIONOFTHESTRATEGICALLIANCEPARTNERINLOGISTICSVALUECHAIN’’,BYBU¨YU¨KO¨ZKAN,FEYZIOG?LUANDNEBOLISTOPROVIDEDECISIONSUPPORTFORCAREFULASSESSMENTOFELOGISTICSPARTNERSORGANIZATIONSAREAWARETHATTHEYNEEDTOCOLLABORATEWITHTHEIRLOGISTICSPARTNERSINORDERTOBESTSERVETHEIRCUSTOMERSANDACHIEVEBUSINESSEXCELLENCEHOWEVER,THESELECTIONOFASUITABLEPARTNERFORSTRATEGICALLIANCESINTHELOGISTICSVALUECHAINISNOTATRIVIALDECISIONITISASSOCIATEDWITHMULTIPLEDIMENSIONSOFUNCERTAINTYANDCOMPLEXITYTHEOBJECTIVEOFTHEIRRESEARCHISTOINTRODUCEAMULTICRITERIADECISIONMAKINGAPPROACHTOEFFECTIVELYEVALUATEELOGISTICSBASEDSTRATEGICALLIANCEPARTNERSSINCETHESEPARTNERSELECTIONANDEVALUATIONDECISIONSAREREPLETEWITHSUBJECTIVECONSIDERATIONSANDDIMENSIONS,AFUZZYLOGICAPPROACHISADOPTEDACASESTUDYISALSOGIVENTODEMONSTRATETHEPRACTICALPOTENTIALOFTHEMETHODOLOGYTHECONCEPTOFEPROCUREMENTHASBECOMECOMMONOVERTHEPASTDECADE

簡介：SHAFTINSTANTANEOUSANGULARSPEEDFORBLADEVIBRATIONINROTATINGMACHINEAHMEDAGUBRAN,JYOTIKSINHANSCHOOLOFMECHANICAL,AEROSPACEANDCIVILENGINEERINGMACE,THEUNIVERSITYOFMANCHESTER,SACKVILLESTREET,MANCHESTERM139PL,UKARTICLEINFOARTICLEHISTORYRECEIVED29JUNE2012RECEIVEDINREVISEDFORM19DECEMBER2012ACCEPTED3FEBRUARY2013AVAILABLEONLINE26MARCH2013KEYWORDSINSTANTANEOUSANGULARSPEEDIASBLADEVIBRATIONBLADEHEALTHMONITORINGBHMBLADEFAULTSSHAFTTORSIONALVIBRATIONORDERTRACKINGABSTRACTRELIABLEBLADEHEALTHMONITORINGBHMINROTATINGMACHINESLIKESTEAMTURBINESANDGASTURBINES,ISATOPICOFRESEARCHSINCEDECADESTOREDUCEMACHINEDOWNTIME,MAINTENANCECOSTSANDTOMAINTAINTHEOVERALLSAFETYTRANSVERSEBLADEVIBRATIONISOFTENTRANSMITTEDTOTHESHAFTASTORSIONALVIBRATIONTHESHAFTINSTANTANEOUSANGULARSPEEDIASISNOTHINGBUTTHEREPRESENTINGTHESHAFTTORSIONALVIBRATIONHENCETHESHAFTIASHASBEENEXTRACTEDFROMTHEMEASUREDENCODERDATADURINGMACHINERUNUPTOUNDERSTANDTHEBLADEVIBRATIONANDTOEXPLORETHEPOSSIBILITYOFRELIABLEASSESSMENTOFBLADEHEALTHANUMBEROFEXPERIMENTSONANEXPERIMENTALRIGWITHABLADEDDISKWERECONDUCTEDWITHHEALTHYBUTMISTUNEDBLADESANDWITHDIFFERENTFAULTSSIMULATIONINTHEBLADESTHEMEASUREDSHAFTTORSIONALVIBRATIONSHOWSADISTINCTDIFFERENCEBETWEENTHEHEALTHYANDTHEFAULTYBLADECONDITIONSHENCE,THEOBSERVATIONSAREUSEFULFORTHEBHMINFUTURETHEPAPERPRESENTSTHEEXPERIMENTALSETUP,SIMULATIONOFBLADEFAULTS,EXPERIMENTSCONDUCTED,OBSERVATIONSANDRESULTSFAXT441613064601EMAILADDRESSESAHMEDGUBRANPOSTGRADMANCHESTERACUK,AHMEDGURBAN1GMAILCOMAAGUBRAN,JYOTISINHAMANCHESTERACUKJKSINHAMECHANICALSYSTEMSANDSIGNALPROCESSING44201447–59ITISALSOASSUMEDTHATTHETIMEINTERVALFORNTHTOOTHISMEASUREDATTHETIME,TNASTN?TNTTNT12D2TWHEREN?1,2,3,4,5,Y,NNUMBEROFTEETHINTHEGEAROFTHEENCODERIITHEANGULARDISPLACEMENTDYFORTHEEACHEQUALLYSPACEDTOOTHINTHEGEARWHEELOFTHEENCODERCANBEWRITTENASDY?3601N?2PND3TIIIHENCETHEINSTANTANEOUSANGULARSPEEDIASATTIME,TNINTERMSOFREVOLUTIONPERSECONDRPSCANBECALCULATEDASINSTANTANEOUSANGULARSPEEDDIASTDFSNTATDTNT?DYDDTN2PTD4TTHEEXTRACTEDIASSIGNALFROMTHEMEASUREDPULSETRAINFROMANENCODERMAYLOOKASSHOWNINFIG2IFTHESHAFTISROTATINGATACONSTANTSPEEDITISEXPECTEDTOBETHEIDEALCASEWHENTHEREISNOFLUCTUATIONINTHESPEEDDURINGTHESHAFTROTATIONAND/ORNOSHAFTTORISONALVIBRATIONIE,DT1?DT2?DT3?????DTNHOWEVERINREALITYTHESETIMEINTERVALS,DTN,MAYNOTBEALWAYSCONSTANTDUETOTHESPEEDFLUCTUATIONAND/ORDUETOTHEPRESENCEOFSHAFTTORSIONALVIBRATIONANDCANBEPRESENTEDASFIG3THETIMEVECTORS,TNANDCORRESPONDINGIAS,FNSMAYNOTBEATTHEEQUALTIMEINTERVAL,HENCETHEDATAARERESAMPLEDWITHAUNIFORMTIMEINTERVALBEFOREFURTHERSIGNALPROCESSING3EXPERIMENTALSETUPINORDERTOINVESTIGATETHEFEASIBILITYOFTORSIONALVIBRATIONMEASUREMENTTECHNOLOGYFORINCIPIENTBLADEDETERIORATION,ANEXPERIMENTALTESTRIGWASBUILTINTHEDYNAMICSLABATTHESCHOOLOFMACEATTHEUNIVERSITYOFMANCHESTERFORTHISSTUDYTHETESTRIGMAINLYCONSISTSOFA1HP3PHASEMOTOR,BTWOSKFTYPEYS20TF,BALLBEARINGS,CASTEELSHAFTOFDIAMETER20MM,DABLADEDDISCWITHEIGHTRECTANGULARBLADES,ANDEAFLEXIBLECOUPLINGBETWEENTHEMOTORSHAFTANDTHEROTATINGRIGSHAFTTHESCHEMATICOFRIGWITHTHEINSTRUMENTSISSHOWNINFIG4APHOTOGRAPHOFTHETESTRIGINCLUDINGTHEMEASUREMENTSYSTEMISALSOSHOWNINFIG5THEDIMENSIONSANDMATERIALPROPERTIESFORTHESHAFT–DISC–BLADESYSTEMARELISTEDINTABLE1THEPHOTOGRAPHSFORABLADEANDABLADEDDISCAREALSOSHOWNINFIG631INSTRUMENTATIONSFIGS4AND5ALSOSHOWTHEMOUNTINGOFTHEENCODERATTHEENDOFTHEROTORSHAFTANDTHEACCELEROMETERSONTHEBEARINGHOUSINGTHEMEASURINGSYSTEMCOMPOSEDOFONEROTARYSHAFTENCODER,KUBLER2400,WHICHGENERATE360PULSESPERREVOLUTIONATACHOSENSORMODELS51PA2A00NKRETROREFLECTIVEOPTICALSENSORWASUSEDTOMONITORROTATINGSPEEDFIG2IDEALISEDSHAFTIASSHOWINGCONSTANTSHAFTSPEEDWITHOUTTORSIONFIG3TYPICALSHAFTIASSHOWINGTHEPOSSIBILITYOFTHESHAFTTORSIONAAGUBRAN,JKSINHA/MECHANICALSYSTEMSANDSIGNALPROCESSING44201447–5949

簡介：INSTRUMENTATIONANDCONTROLOFAHIGHPOWERBLDCMOTORFORSMALLVEHICLEAPPLICATIONSALEXANDERROWE1,GOURABSENGUPTA1,SERGEDEMIDENKO21SCHOOLOFENGINEERINGANDADVANCEDTECHNOLOGY,MASSEYUNIVERSITY,PALMERSTONNORTH,NEWZEALANDSCHOOLOFELECTRONICSANDCOMPUTERENGINEERING,RMITINTERNATIONALUNIVERSITYVIETNAMAROWEBTOLTDCONZ,GSENGUPTAMASSEYACNZ,SERGEDEMIDENKORMITEDUVNABSTRACTBRUSHLESSDCBLDCMOTORSAREBECOMINGANINCREASINGLYPOPULARMOTOROFCHOICEFORLOWPOWEREDVEHICLESSUCHASMOPEDS,POWERASSISTEDBICYCLES,MOBILITYSCOOTERS,ANDINTHISREPORTEDAPPLICATION,MOTORISEDMOUNTAINBOARDSWITHRAPIDDEVELOPMENTSINTECHNOLOGY,HIGHENERGYDENSITYBATTERIESSUCHASLITHIUMIONPOLYMERBATTERIESAREBECOMINGMOREAFFORDABLEANDHIGHLYSUITABLEFORSUCHVEHICLESDUETOTHESUPERIORCHARGERATEANDLIGHTWEIGHTOFTHELITHIUMCHEMISTRYBATTERIESTHISCOMBINEDWITHTHEHIGHPOWER,LIGHTWEIGHT,ANDLOWCOSTBLDCMOTORRESULTSINTHEBLDCMOTORBEINGAVERYFAVOURABLESOLUTIONOVERANINTERNALCOMBUSTIONENGINEFORLOWPOWERVEHICLESWITHPOWERREQUIREMENTSOFUPTO7KWABLDCMOTORCONTROLLERWASDEVELOPEDSPECIFICALLYFORTHEMOTORISEDMOUNTAINBOARDAPPLICATIONTHEMOTORCONTROLLERISASENSOREDBLDCMOTORCONTROLLERWHICHTAKESINPUTSFROMHALLEFFECTSENSORSTODETERMINETHEROTORPOSITIONMANYOTHERSENSORSAREUSEDTOMONITORTHEVARIABLESTHATARECRITICALTOTHEOPERATIONOFTHEMOTORCONTROLLERSUCHASTHEMOTORPHASECURRENT,BATTERYVOLTAGE,MOTORTEMPERATURE,ANDTRANSISTORTEMPERATURETHEREPORTEDSYSTEMISFURTHERENHANCEDBYSEVERALADDITIONALFEATURESSUCHASOUTPUTFORANLCDSCREEN,REGENERATIVEBRAKING,TIMINGADVANCE,CRUISECONTROL,ANDSOFTSTARTFUNCTIONSTHESETOPICSAREDISCUSSEDBRIEFLYINTHISPAPERKEYWORDSSENSOREDBLDCMOTORCONTROLLER,REGENERATIVEBRAKING,TIMINGADVANCE,ELECTRICSKATEBOARD,HALLSENSORSIINTRODUCTIONAMOTORISEDMOUNTAINBOARDALLOWSUSERSTOTAKETHEEXTREMESPORTOFMOUNTAINBOARDING,WHICHISNORMALLYLIMITEDTODOWNHILLUSEONLY,TOFLATANDUPHILLSURFACESTHISGIVESTHEUSERSAMUCHWIDERCHOICEOFLOCATIONSWHERETHEYCANUSETHEMOUNTAINBOARDABLDCOUTRUNNERMOTORHASBEENUSEDFORTHISAPPLICATIONANOUTRUNNERMOTORWASCHOSENFORITSLOWSPEED130RPM/V,HIGHTORQUECHARACTERISTICSWHICHREDUCESTHEGEARINGREQUIREMENTSA381GEARRATIOISUSEDWHICHISACHIEVEDINADIRECTCHAINDRIVETHEMOTORISATURNIGYC80100130WHICHHASAPOWERRATINGOF65KWTHISAMOUNTOFPOWERISSUFFICIENTTODRIVESMALLVEHICLESTOSPEEDSOFAPPROXIMATELY70KM/HRHOWEVERTHEGEARINGANDBATTERYVOLTAGEHASBEENSELECTEDTOLIMITTHEMOUNTAINBOARDTO50KM/HRCONSEQUENTLY,THETORQUEATTHEWHEELSISINCREASEDANDISSUFFICIENTTOALLOWTHEMOTORISEDMOUNTAINBOARDTOCLIMBSTEEPHILLSASENSORLESSCONTROLLERREQUIRESTHEMOTORTOPRODUCEAMEASUREABLEBACKEMFFORTHEMOTORCONTROLLERTOBEABLETODETERMINETHEPOSITIONOFTHEROTORANDTHEREFORECANNOTPROVIDESMOOTHCOMMUTATIONATSTARTUPANDLOWSPEEDSINCONTRAST,ASENSOREDBLDCMOTORCONTROLLERUSESPOSITIONSENSORSANDTHEREFOREISABLETODETERMINETHEROTORPOSITIONATANYSPEEDTHISALLOWSFORSMOOTHCOMMUTATIONDURINGSTARTUPASENSOREDBLDCMOTORCONTROLLERWASBUILTFORTHISREASONIIELECTRICALSYSTEMOVERVIEWAMIXEDSIGNALFIELDPROGRAMMABLEMICROCONTROLLER,THESILICONLABORATORIESC8051F020,HASBEENUSEDTOCONTROLTHEMOTORDRIVERCIRCUITACCORDINGTOARANGEOFINPUTSFROMVARIOUSSENSORSCUSTOMMADESOFTWAREWASPROGRAMMEDINCWHICHRUNSONTHEMICROCONTROLLERTHISSOFTWAREDETERMINESTHEOPERATIONOFTHEMOTORCONTROLLERFIG1SHOWSTHEFUNCTIONALBLOCKSOFTHEMOTORCONTROLLERTHEMOTORCONTROLLERUSESATHREEPHASEHBRIDGETODRIVETHEMOTORTHISCIRCUITWASCHOSENBECAUSEITALLOWSFORFOURQUADRANTOPERATIONOFTHEMOTOR,ASWELLASCOASTINGFIG2SHOWSTHESCHEMATICDIAGRAMOFTHETHREEPHASEHBRIDGEFIGURE1OVERVIEWOFTHEMAJORCOMPONENTSOFTHEMOTORCONTROLLER9781457717727/12/2600?2012IEEEBREGENERATIVEBRAKINGTHEMOTORCONTROLLERINCORPORATESASIMPLEREGENERATIVEBREAKINGFUNCTIONTHEAMOUNTOFENERGYREGENERATEDDURINGNORMALUSEINAFLATORUPHILLAPPLICATIONISVERYLITTLEHOWEVER,BECAUSEREGENERATIVEBRAKINGISTHEONLYBRAKINGMETHODTHATDOESNOTSIMPLYCONVERTKINETICENERGYINTOHEATENERGY,WHICHHEATSUPTHETRANSISTORHEATSINKANDTHEMOTOR,ITWASINCLUDEDINTHEPROJECTREGENERATIVEBRAKINGISACHIEVEDBYBOOSTINGTHEBACKEMFOFTHEMOTORTOAHIGHERVOLTAGETHANTHEBATTERYVOLTAGEBYUSINGABOOSTCONVERTERCIRCUITFIG4SHOWSTHESCHEMATICDIAGRAMOFABASICBOOSTCONVERTERCIRCUIT5THISCIRCUITISIMPLEMENTEDWITHOUTANYADDITIONALHARDWAREITISCREATEDBYUSINGTHELOWSIDETRANSISTORSOFTHETHREEPHASEHBRIDGEASTHESWITCHINGDEVICE,THEMOTORWINDINGSASTHEINDUCTOR,ANDTHEHIGHSIDEFLYBACKDIODESASTHEDIODEINTHEBOOSTCONVERTERCIRCUITTHREEOFTHESECIRCUITSAREINFACTUSED,ONEFOREACHOFTHETHREEPHASESTHEOUTPUTVOLTAGEOFTHEBOOSTCONVERTERISCONTROLLEDBYVARYINGTHEPWMDUTYCYCLEOFTHELOWSIDETRANSISTORASTHEOUTPUTVOLTAGEISINCREASED,THECHARGINGCURRENTISINCREASEDWHICHRESULTSINTHEBRAKINGFORCEBEINGINCREASEDTHEREFORETHEBRAKINGFORCEISCONTROLLEDBYREADINGTHEPOSITIONOFTHEBRAKELEVERANDADJUSTINGTHEDUTYCYCLEACCORDINGLYTHECHARGINGCURRENTHASTOBEKEPTWITHINSPECIFIEDLIMITSTOPREVENTDAMAGETOTHEBATTERYPACKFORTHELITHIUMIONPOLYMERBATTERYPACKUSEDINTHISAPPLICATION,THEMAXIMUMCHARGINGCURRENTIS20AITWASCALCULATEDTHAT20AOFCHARGECURRENTPROVIDESSUFFICIENTBRAKEPOWERTOSLOWDOWNFROM30KM/HRTOACOMPLETESTOPIN3SCTIMINGADVANCETIMINGADVANCEISUSEDINBOTHBRUSHEDANDBRUSHLESSDCMOTORS6INBRUSHEDDCMOTORSTHISISDONEBYMECHANICALLYMOVINGTHEPOSITIONOFTHEBRUSHESRELATIVETOTHEMOTORWINDINGSINBLDCMOTORS,TIMINGADVANCEISDONEELECTRONICALLYBYCOMMUTATINGTHEMOTORSOONERTHANITWOULDNORMALLYDOSOIDEALLY,THEAMOUNTOFTIMINGADVANCEEXPRESSEDASANANGLEOFELECTRICALROTATIONWOULDBECONTINUOUSLYVARIABLEFROM0°ATZEROSPEEDTOSOMEMAXIMUMADVANCEANGLEATTHEMAXIMUMMOTORSPEEDTHISCANBEDONEWITHAMICROCONTROLLER,HOWEVERITREQUIRESMUCHPROCESSINGANDWOULDREQUIREADEDICATEDMICROCONTROLLER7THELARGEAMOUNTOFPROCESSINGISREQUIREDBECAUSETHEMICROCONTROLLERMUSTPREDICTWHENTHENEXTMOTORPOSITIONWILLOCCURBASEDONTHESPEEDOFTHEMOTOR,ANDTHENCALCULATETHETIMEDELAYBETWEENTHELASTMOTORPOSITIONTRANSITIONANDTHENEXTTRANSITIONFORTHEDESIREDANGLEOFADVANCEWITHTHISINFORMATIONTHEMICROCONTROLLERCANTRIGGERTHECOMMUTATIONATTHECALCULATEDTIMEAFTERTHEPREVIOUSTRANSITIONDINTERNALPOSITIONSENSORSINTHISAPPLICATION,ASIMPLEAPPROACHTOTIMINGADVANCEHASBEENTAKENTWOSETSOFHALLEFFECTSENSORSHAVEBEENINSTALLEDINSIDETHEMOTORONESETISPOSITIONEDFORNEUTRALTIMING,THEOTHERSETISPOSITIONED30°ELECTRICALROTATIONFROMTHENEUTRALTIMINGSETTHISSECONDSETOFHALLEFFECTSENSORSPRODUCEASIGNALFOR30°ADVANCEDTIMINGINTHEFORWARDDIRECTIONOR30°RETARDEDTIMINGINTHEREVERSEDIRECTIONTHISANGLEOFADVANCEWASRECOMMENDEDBY8ASANOPTIMUMAMOUNTOFTIMINGADVANCEFORTHISMOTORAT5000RPMWHICHISNEARTHETOPSPEEDOFTHEMOTORWHENRUNNINGONA42VBATTERYALSO,BECAUSETHEMOTORHASA12POLESTATOR,EACHPOLEISSPACED30°APARTTHISMEANSTHATBOTHTHENEUTRALTIMINGANDADVANCEDTIMINGSETOFHALLEFFECTSENSORSCANCONVENIENTLYBEMOUNTEDINTHEGAPSBETWEENTHESTATORPOLESFIG5SHOWSWAVEFORMSOFTHESIGNALSFROMTHENEUTRALAND30°ADVANCEDMOTORPOSITIONSENSORSTHETOPTHREEWAVEFORMSAREFROMTHENEUTRALTIMINGSETANDTHEBOTTOMTHREEAREFROMTHEADVANCEDTIMINGSETOFMOTORPOSITIONSENSORSTHISSHOWSTHEADVANCEDTIMINGTRANSITIONSOCCURRING30°OFELECTRICALROTATIONBEFORETHENEUTRALTIMINGTRANSITIONSWITHTHISANGLEOFTIMINGADVANCE,ITALSOWORKSOUTTHATTHESIGNALFOR30°ADVANCEDTIMINGINTHEREVERSEDIRECTIONCANBEGENERATEDFROMTHESIGNALFROMTHESECONDSETOFHALLSENSORSTHISISBECAUSETHESIGNALFOR30°RETARDEDTIMINGISIDENTICALTOTHE30°ADVANCEDSIGNALWHENPHASESHIFTEDBY60°WHICHISTHESPACINGBETWEENMOTORPOSITIONTRANSITIONSTHISRESULTSINTHE30°RETARDEDSIGNALBEINGEXACTLYONESEQUENCEBEHINDTHE30°ADVANCEDSIGNALBYGENERATINGTHISTHIRDSIGNAL,ITISPOSSIBLEFORTHEMOTORBOARDTOUSE30°ADVANCEDTIMINGINTHEFIGURE4CIRCUITDIAGRAMSHOWINGHOWTHEBOOSTCONVERTERCIRCUITISIMPLEMENTEDUSINGAHALFBRIDGEFIGURE5WAVEFORMSFROMTHENEUTRALAND30°ADVANCEDMOTORPOSITIONSENSORS

簡介：EDGEDETECTIONINDIGITALIMAGESUSINGFUZZYLOGICTECHNIQUEABDALLAHAALSHENNAWY,ANDAYMANAALYABSTRACTTHEFUZZYTECHNIQUEISANOPERATORINTRODUCEDINORDERTOSIMULATEATAMATHEMATICALLEVELTHECOMPENSATORYBEHAVIORINPROCESSOFDECISIONMAKINGORSUBJECTIVEEVALUATIONTHEFOLLOWINGPAPERINTRODUCESSUCHOPERATORSONHANDOFCOMPUTERVISIONAPPLICATIONINTHISPAPERANOVELMETHODBASEDONFUZZYLOGICREASONINGSTRATEGYISPROPOSEDFOREDGEDETECTIONINDIGITALIMAGESWITHOUTDETERMININGTHETHRESHOLDVALUETHEPROPOSEDAPPROACHBEGINSBYSEGMENTINGTHEIMAGESINTOREGIONSUSINGFLOATING3X3BINARYMATRIXTHEEDGEPIXELSAREMAPPEDTOARANGEOFVALUESDISTINCTFROMEACHOTHERTHEROBUSTNESSOFTHEPROPOSEDMETHODRESULTSFORDIFFERENTCAPTUREDIMAGESARECOMPAREDTOTHOSEOBTAINEDWITHTHELINEARSOBELOPERATORITISGAVEAPERMANENTEFFECTINTHELINESSMOOTHNESSANDSTRAIGHTNESSFORTHESTRAIGHTLINESANDGOODROUNDNESSFORTHECURVEDLINESINTHESAMETIMETHECORNERSGETSHARPERANDCANBEDEFINEDEASILYKEYWORDSFUZZYLOGIC,EDGEDETECTION,IMAGEPROCESSING,COMPUTERVISION,MECHANICALPARTS,MEASUREMENTIINTRODUCTIONVERTHELASTFEWDECADESTHEVOLUMEOFINTEREST,RESEARCH,ANDDEVELOPMENTOFCOMPUTERVISIONSYSTEMSHASINCREASEDENORMOUSLYNOWADAYSTHEYAPPEARTOBEPRESENTINALMOSTEVERYSPHEREOFLIFE,FROMSURVEILLANCESYSTEMSINCARPARKS,STREETS,ANDSHOPPINGCENTERS,TOSORTINGANDQUALITYCONTROLSYSTEMSINTHEMAJORITYOFFOODPRODUCTIONTHUS,INTRODUCINGAUTOMATEDVISUALINSPECTIONANDMEASUREMENTSYSTEMSARENECESSARY,SPECIALLYFORTHETWODIMENSIONALMECHANICALOBJECTS,18INPARTDUETOTHESUBSTANTIALINCREASEINDIGITALIMAGESTHATAREPRODUCEDONADAILYBASISEG,FROMRADIOGRAPHSTOIMAGESFROMSATELLITESTHEREISANINCREASEDNEEDFORTHEAUTOMATICPROCESSINGOFSUCHIMAGES,9,10,11THUS,THEREARECURRENTLYMANYAPPLICATIONSSUCHASCOMPUTERAIDEDDIAGNOSISOFMEDICALIMAGES,SEGMENTATIONANDCLASSIFICATIONOFREMOTESENSINGIMAGESINTOLANDCLASSESEG,IDENTIFICATIONOFWHEATFIELDS,ANDILLEGALMARIJUANAPLANTATIONS,ANDESTIMATIONOFCROPGROWTH,OPTICALCHARACTERRECOGNITION,CLOSEDLOOPCONTROL,CONTENTBASEDRETRIEVALFORMULTIMEDIAAPPLICATIONS,IMAGEMANIPULATIONFORTHEFILMINDUSTRY,IDENTIFICATIONOFREGISTRATIONDETAILSFROMCARNUMBERPLATES,ANDAHOSTOFINDUSTRIALINSPECTIONTASKSEG,DETECTINGDEFECTSINTEXTILES,ROLLEDSTEEL,PLATEGLASS,ETCHISTORICALLYMUCHDATAHASBEENGENERATEDASIMAGESTOABDALLAHAALSHENNAWY,ASSISTANTPROFESSOR,DESIGNANDPRODENGDEPTTANTAUNIVERSITY,EGYPTEMAILABD_ALSHENNAWYYAHOOCOMAYMANAALY,ASSOCIATEPROFESSOR,ISWITHMECHATRONICSSECTION,ASSIUTUNIVERSITY,71516,EGYPTEMAILAYMAN_ALYYAHOOCOMFACILITATEHUMANANALYSISITISMUCHEASIERTOUNDERSTANDANIMAGETHANACOMPARABLETABLEOFNUMBERS,12ANDSOTHISHASENCOURAGEDTHEUSEOFIMAGEANALYSISTECHNIQUESOVEROTHERPOSSIBLEMETHODSOFDATAPROCESSINGINADDITION,SINCEHUMANSARESOADEPTATUNDERSTANDINGIMAGES,IMAGEBASEDANALYSISPROVIDESSOMEAIDINALGORITHMDEVELOPMENTEG,ITENCOURAGESGEOMETRICANALYSISANDALSOHELPSINFORMALLYVALIDATERESULTSWHILETHEROLEOFCOMPUTERVISIONCANBESUMMARIZEDASASYSTEMFORTHEAUTOMATEDORSEMIAUTOMATEDANALYSISOFIMAGES,MANYVARIATIONSAREPOSSIBLE,9,13THEIMAGESCANCOMEFROMDIFFERENTMODALITIESBEYONDNORMALGRAYSCALEANDCOLOURPHOTOGRAPHS,SUCHASINFRARED,XRAY,ASWELLASTHENEWGENERATIONOFHYPERSPECTRALSATELLITEDATASETSSECOND,MANYDIVERSECOMPUTATIONALTECHNIQUESHAVEBEENEMPLOYEDWITHINCOMPUTERVISIONSYSTEMSSUCHASSTANDARDOPTIMIZATIONMETHODS,AISEARCHSTRATEGIES,SIMULATEDANNEALING,GENETICALGORITHMS,14,15,16USAGEOFSPECIFICLINEARTIMEINVARIANTLTIFILTERSISTHEMOSTCOMMONPROCEDUREAPPLIEDTOTHEEDGEDETECTIONPROBLEM,ANDTHEONEWHICHRESULTSINTHELEASTCOMPUTATIONALEFFORTINTHECASEOFFIRSTORDERFILTERS,ANEDGEISINTERPRETEDASANABRUPTVARIATIONINGRAYLEVELBETWEENTWONEIGHBORPIXELSTHEGOALINTHISCASEISTODETERMINEINWHICHPOINTSINTHEIMAGETHEFIRSTDERIVATIVEOFTHEGRAYLEVELASAFUNCTIONOFPOSITIONISOFHIGHMAGNITUDEBYAPPLYINGTHETHRESHOLDTOTHENEWOUTPUTIMAGE,EDGESINARBITRARYDIRECTIONSAREDETECTEDINOTHERWAYSTHEOUTPUTOFTHEEDGEDETECTIONFILTERISTHEINPUTOFTHEPOLYGONALAPPROXIMATIONTECHNIQUETOEXTRACTFEATURESWHICHTOBEMEASURED,1AVERYIMPORTANTROLEISPLAYEDINIMAGEANALYSISBYWHATARETERMEDFEATUREPOINTS,PIXELSTHATAREIDENTIFIEDASHAVINGASPECIALPROPERTYFEATUREPOINTSINCLUDEEDGEPIXELSASDETERMINEDBYTHEWELLKNOWNCLASSICEDGEDETECTORSOFPREWITT,SOBEL,MARR,ANDCANNY1721RECENTLYTHEREHASBEENMUCHREVIVEDINTEREST22,23INFEATUREPOINTSDETERMINEDBY“CORNER“OPERATORSSUCHASTHEPLESSEY,ANDINTERESTINGPOINTOPERATORSSUCHASTHATINTRODUCEDBYMORAVEC24,25CLASSICALOPERATORSIDENTIFYAPIXELASAPARTICULARCLASSOFFEATUREPOINTBYCARRYINGOUTSOMESERIESOFOPERATIONSWITHINAWINDOWCENTEREDONTHEPIXELUNDERSCRUTINYTHECLASSICOPERATORSWORKWELLINCIRCUMSTANCESWHERETHEAREAOFTHEIMAGEUNDERSTUDYISOFHIGHCONTRASTINFACT,CLASSICOPERATORSWORKVERYWELLWITHINREGIONSOFANIMAGETHATCANBESIMPLYCONVERTEDINTOABINARYIMAGEBYSIMPLETHRESHOLDINGASSHOWNINFIG1TOBEDEFINITEASTOTHEFAILINGSOFCLASSICOPERATORSCLASSICEDGEDETECTORTENDSTOGIVEPOORRESULTSFORLABELINGEDGEPIXELS,WHENANEDGE,ALTHOUGHOWORLDACADEMYOFSCIENCE,ENGINEERINGANDTECHNOLOGY512009178“WHITE”THEADOPTEDMEMBERSHIPFUNCTIONSFORTHEFUZZYSETSASSOCIATEDTOTHEINPUTANDTOTHEOUTPUTWERETRIANGLES,ASSHOWNINFIG3ABFIG3MEMBERSHIPFUNCTIONSOFTHEFUZZYSETSASSOCIATEDTOTHEINPUTANDTOTHEOUTPUTERULE1ERULE3ERULE2RULE1IF{I1,J1I1,JI1,J1}AREWHITESIF{I,J1I,JI,J1}AREWHITESIF{I1,J1I1,JI1,J1}AREBLACKSCHECKEDPIXELISEDGERULE2IF{I1,J1I1,JI1,J1}AREBLACKSIF{I,J1I,JI,J1}AREWHITESIF{I1,J1I1,JI1,J1}AREWHITESCHECKEDPIXELISEDGERULE3IF{I1,J1I,J1I1,J1}AREBLACKSIF{I1,JI,JI1,J}AREWHITESIF{I1,J1I,J1I1,J1}AREWHITESCHECKEDPIXELISEDGERULE4IF{I1,J1I,J1I1,J1}AREWHITESIF{I1,JI,JI1,J}AREWHITESIF{I1,J1I,J1I1,J1}AREBLACKSCHECKEDPIXELISEDGEAERULE4ERULE5ERULE7ERULE6RULE5IF{I1,JI1,J1I,J1I1,J1}AREBLACKSIF{I1,J1I,J1I1,J1I1,J}AREWHITESIFI,JISWHITECHECKEDPIXELISEDGERULE6IF{I1,JI1,J1I,J1I1,J1}AREWHITESIF{I1,J1I,J1I1,J1I1,J}AREBLACKSIFI,JISWHITECHECKEDPIXELISEDGERULE7IF{I1,J1I,J1I1,J1I1,J}AREBLACKSIF{I1,JI1,J1I,J1I1,J1}AREWHITESIFI,JISWHITECHECKEDPIXELISEDGERULE8IF{I1,JI1,J1I,J1I1,J1}AREBLACKSIF{I1,J1I,J1I1,J1I1,J}AREWHITESIFI,JISWHITECHECKEDPIXELISEDGEERULE8BLACKBLACKWHITEEDGEWHITEBFIG4THEFUZZYSYSTEMRULESWORLDACADEMYOFSCIENCE,ENGINEERINGANDTECHNOLOGY512009180

簡介：1畢業(yè)設計（論文）的外文文獻翻譯原始資料的題目原始資料的題目/來源來源DESIGNOFASUSPENSIONFORAFORMULASTUDENTRACECAR翻譯后的中文題目翻譯后的中文題目大學生方程式賽車懸架設計大學生方程式賽車懸架設計專業(yè)交通運輸交通運輸學生學號班號指導教師指導教師翻譯日期翻譯日期201535322輪距輪距對車輛的設計有重大意義。它會影響到車輛轉(zhuǎn)彎行為和側(cè)翻傾向。從公式22顯示后軸負荷轉(zhuǎn)移來看，輪距越大，轉(zhuǎn)彎時的橫向負荷轉(zhuǎn)移就越小，反之亦然。大輪距也有劣勢，就是車輛避障時需要更多的橫向運動。根據(jù)規(guī)則，障礙的最小部分可能不會小于3M，越野和耐久賽道不會小于35M。需要的橫向負荷轉(zhuǎn)移量決定于車體安裝的輪胎，見29部分。假如汽車裝有防傾桿，也會影響到負荷轉(zhuǎn)移。23主銷和輪胎磨距主銷是有A臂外端的上球鉸頭UBJ和下球鉸頭LBJ所決定的。主銷軸不需要必須集中在輪胎接地痕跡上。從前側(cè)看這個角度成為主銷內(nèi)傾角，輪胎印跡中心到主銷中心接地點之間的距離成為輪胎磨距或磨距半徑。在主軸高度水平

簡介：REALTIMEIMPLEMENTATIONOFINTELLIGENTMODELINGANDCONTROLTECHNIQUESONAPLCPLATFORMCURTISPARROTT,STUDENTMEMBER,IEEEANDGANESHKVENAYAGAMOORTHY,SENIORMEMBER,IEEEREALTIMEPOWERANDINTELLIGENTSYSTEMSLABORATORYMISSOURIUNIVERSITYOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY,ROLLA,MO65401USACAP9QDMSTEDUANDGKUMARIEEEORGABSTRACT–PROGRAMMABLELOGICCONTROLLERSPLCSHAVEBEENUSEDFORMANYDECADESFORSTANDARDCONTROLININDUSTRIALANDFACTORYENVIRONMENTSOVERTHEYEARS,PLCSHAVEBECOMECOMPUTATIONALEFFICIENTANDPOWERFUL,ANDAROBUSTPLATFORMWITHAPPLICATIONSBEYONDTHESTANDARDCONTROLANDFACTORYAUTOMATIONDUETOTHENEWADVANCEDPLC’SFEATURESANDCOMPUTATIONALPOWER,THEYAREIDEALPLATFORMSFOREXPLORINGADVANCEDMODELINGANDCONTROLMETHODS,INCLUDINGCOMPUTATIONALINTELLIGENCEBASEDTECHNIQUESSUCHASNEURALNETWORKS,PARTICLESWARMOPTIMIZATIONPSOANDMANYOTHERSSOMEOFTHESETECHNIQUESREQUIREFASTFLOATINGPOINTCALCULATIONSTHATARENOWPOSSIBLEINREALTIMEONTHEPLCTHISPAPERFOCUSESONTHEALLENBRADLEYCONTROLLOGIXBRANDOFPLCS,DUETOTHEIRHIGHPERFORMANCEANDEXTENSIVEUSEININDUSTRYTHEDESIGNANDIMPLEMENTATIONOFANEUROCONTROLLERCONSISTINGOFTWONEURALNETWORKS,ONEFORMODELINGANDTHEOTHERFORCONTROL,ANDTHETRAININGOFTHESENEURALNETWORKSWITHPARTICLESWARMOPTIMIZATIONISPRESENTEDINTHISPAPERONASINGLEPLCTHENEUROCONTROLLERINTHISSTUDYISAPOWERSYSTEMSTABILIZERPSSTHATISUSEDFORPOWERSYSTEMOSCILLATIONDAMPINGTHEPLCISINTERFACEDTOAPOWERSYSTEMSIMULATEDONTHEREALTIMEDIGITALSIMULATORREALTIMERESULTSAREPRESENTEDSHOWINGTHATTHEPLCISASUITABLEHARDWAREPLATFORMFORIMPLEMENTINGADVANCEDMODELINGANDCONTROLTECHNIQUESFORINDUSTRIALAPPLICATIONSINDEXTERMS–COMPUTATIONALINTELLIGENCE,MODELING,NEUROCONTROL,PARTICLESWARMOPTIMIZATION,PROGRAMMABLELOGICCONTROLLERS,POWERSYSTEMSTABILIZERIINTRODUCTIONPROGRAMMABLELOGICCONTROLLERSPLCSHAVEBEENUSEDEXTENSIVELYININDUSTRIALAPPLICATIONSFORCONTROLFORDECADESDUETOTHEIRHIGHRELIABILITYANDROBUSTARCHITECTURE1THENEWESTPLCSHAVEMOVEDPASTJUSTAROBUSTPLATFORMINTOANEWREALMOFHIGHCOMPUTATIONALPOWERANDPROCESSORSPEEDTHESE,ALONGWITHTHEPLC’SHIGHLYEXPANDABLELAYOUT,MAKESITANIDEALPLATFORMFORFARBEYONDTHECLASSICALAPPLICATIONSTHESENEWAPPLICATIONSINCLUDEIMPLEMENTINGCOMPUTATIONALINTELLIGENCEBASEDMODELING,OPTIMIZATIONANDCONTROLTECHNIQUESTHATREQUIREFASTPROCESSINGPOWERTOBEEXECUTEDINREALTIMEWITHTHEABILITYTOCONTAINANALOGI/O,THEPLCISALSOIDEALFORINTERFACETOREALTIMESIMULATIONHARDWARE,SUCHASTHEREALTIMEDIGITALSIMULATORRTDSFORPOWERSYSTEMS2THERTDSISACUSTOMPARALLELPROCESSINGHARDWAREPLATFORMTHATALLOWSPOWERSYSTEMSTOBESIMULATEDANDITSACCESSORIESCONTROLLERS,TRANSFORMERS,RELAYSTOBETESTEDINREALTIME3THROUGHTHEUSEOFANALOGI/O,POWERCONTROLDEVICESCANBESEAMLESSLYTESTEDASIFTHEYWEREPARTOFTHEPHYSICALPOWERSYSTEMRUNNINGONTHESIMULATORTHISALLOWSFORTHETESTINGOFANYSUCHCONTROLDEVICECONTAININGLOWVOLTAGEI/OANDALLOWSTHEGAUGINGOFTHISCONTROLSCHEMEASALEGITIMATEREALWORLDAPPLICATIONTHEABILITYOFTHERTDSFORCONTROLANDPROTECTIONSYSTEMTESTINGHASBEENFURTHEREXPLOREDIN2THISMAKESTHEPLCRTDSPLATFORM,ANIDEALPLATFORMFORTESTINGTHEVIABILITYOFTHEPLCASAREALWORLDCONTROLPLATFORMFORCOMPUTATIONALINTELLIGENCETECHNIQUESINTHISPAPER,ACASESTUDYOFIMPLEMENTINGACONTROLLERBASEDONNEURALNETWORKSFORDAMPINGSPEEDOSCILLATIONSINGENERATORSISEXPLORED4THEPLCPLATFORMIMPLEMENTSTHENEURALNETWORKSREQUIREDTOREALIZETHEADAPTIVECONTROLANDTHESENEURALNETWORKSARETRAINEDUSINGPARTICLESWARMOPTIMIZATIONPSOALGORITHM5TOTHEKNOWLEDGEOFTHEAUTHORS,COMPUTATIONALINTELLIGENCETECHNIQUESHAVENOTBEENIMPLEMENTEDONPLCSWHICHAREKNOWNTOBEROBUSTPLATFORMSFORINDUSTRIALCONTROLSPOWERSYSTEMSTABILIZERSPSSSAREUSEDASANAUXILIARYCONTROLSYSTEMTOAGENERATOR’SEXCITATIONSYSTEMTHEPURPOSEOFTHEPSSISFORPOWERSYSTEMOSCILLATIONDAMPINGDURINGSMALLANDLARGESYSTEMDISTURBANCESBYPROVIDINGSUPPLEMENTARYCONTROLSIGNALSTOTHEGENERATOR’SAUTOMATICVOLTAGEREGULATORAVR6THESPEEDOSCILLATIONSCANTAKETHEFORMOFINTRAAREAANDINTERAREAMODESINAMULTIMACHINEPOWERSYSTEMINTRAAREAMODESFORMWHERETWOORMORESYNCHRONOUSMACHINESSWINGTOGETHERAGAINSTACOMPARATIVELYLARGEPOWERSYSTEMORLOADCENTERANDINTERAREAMODESINVOLVECOMBINATIONSOFMANYMACHINESONONEPARTOFAPOWERSYSTEMSWINGINGAGAINSTMACHINESONANOTHERPARTOFTHESYSTEM7ADVANCEDPOWERSYSTEMMODELINGANDCONTROLTECHNIQUESHAVEBEENEXPLOREDONAWIDEVARIETYOFPLATFORMS,INCLUDINGDIGITALSIGNALPROCESSORSDSPSANDFIELDPROGRAMMABLELOGICARRAYSFPGAS,INGREATDETAILHOWEVER,RESEARCHHASNEGLECTEDTHESTAPLEOFINDUSTRIALCONTROL,THEPROGRAMMABLELOGICCONTROLLERTHEPLCPLATFORMISUSEDEXTENSIVELYININDUSTRYDUETOITSVERYHIGHRELIABILITYANDEXPANDABILITYTHISEXPANDABILITYINCLUDESAWIDEVARIETYOFDIGITALANDANALOGI/OMODULESALONGWITHMANYDIFFERENTCOMMUNICATIONMODULESTHEPLCISALSODESIGNEDWITHAPOWERFULPROCESSORWITHTHEABILITYTODOREALTIMECONTROLOFAWIDEVARIETYOFCONTROLAPPLICATION1THISPAPERDEMONSTRATESTHEPOTENTIALOFPLCSFORIMPLEMENTINGCOMPUTATIONALINTELLIGENCEPARADIGMSINCLUDINGNEURALNETWORKSANDPARTICLESWARMOPTIMIZATIONINREALTIMEFORMODELINGANDCONTROLOFSYNCHRONOUSGENERATORSINAMULTIMACHINEPOWERSYSTEMENVIRONMENTTHISWORKISSUPPORTEDBYTHENSFCAREERGRANTECCS0348221ANDUSDEPTOFEDUCATIONGAANNFUNDINGAWARDEDTODRVENAYAGAMOORTHY9781424422791/08/2500?2008IEEE1VALUESOFITSOUTPUTASWELLASPASTMVALUESOFITSINPUTTHEINPUTSANDOUTPUTSOFTHEMODELARESPEEDDEVIATIONOFTHEPLANTGENERATORG1ORG3ANDTHEOUTPUTOFTHENEUROCONTROLLER,ANDTHEESTIMATEDSPEEDDEVIATIONSRESPECTIVELYHERE,BOTHNANDMARECHOSENTOBE2THEMAINREASONFORCHOOSINGTHREETIMESTEPVALUESISBECAUSEATHIRDORDERSYSTEMISSUFFICIENTFORTHEMODELINGTHEGENERATORDYNAMICSFORTHISSTUDYTHEMODELISAMULTILAYEREDFEEDFORWARDNEURALNETWORKFIG5TRAINEDUSINGTHEPSOALGORITHMTHEINPUTVECTORTOTHEMODELNETWORKISX?ANDTHEESTIMATEDSPEEDDEVIATIONATINSTANTK1IS1KΩΔFIG5NEURALNETWORKSYSTEMMODELSTRUCTURE,1,2,,1,2PSSPSSPSSKKKXVKVKVKΩΩΩΔΔ?Δ?????????110,1IIJJJAWX?∑2111IIADE??31011IIIKVDΩΔ?∑4BNEUROCONTROLLERTHENEUROCONTROLLERISALSOAMULTILAYERFEEDFORWARDNETWORKTRAINEDWITHPSOALGORITHMTHEINPUTSTOTHISSYSTEMARETHEACTUALSPEEDDEVIATIONANDTHETWOPREVIOUSVALUESOFAGENERATORANDTHEOUTPUTOFTHENEUROCONTROLLERISTHESUPPLEMENTARYCONTROLSIGNALTOTHEAVR,VPSSASSHOWNINFIG3THETRAININGOFTHENEUROCONTROLLERISSIMILARTOTHATDESCRIBEDIN4HOWEVERPSOISUSEDINLIEUOFBACKPROPAGATIONALGORITHMCPSOALGORITHMPSOISATYPEOFEVOLUTIONARYCOMPUTINGTECHNIQUETHEALGORITHMISBASEDONTHESIMULATIONOFTHESOCIALINTERACTIONOFBIRDSWITHINAFLOCKANDSCHOOLOFFISHBEINGAPOPULATIONBASEDSEARCHALGORITHM,ASWARMCONSISTSOFPARTICLESWHICHAREPOTENTIALSOLUTIONSTOTHEPROBLEMSOLVEDOROPTIMIZEDTHECHANGESINTHEPARTICLESPOSITIONINTHESEARCHSPACEISINFLUENCEDBYTHEPASTKNOWLEDGEOFTHESWARMASWELLASTHEPARTICLESOWNPASTKNOWLEDGEOFTHESEARCHSPACEATINITIALIZATION,EACHPARTICLEISRANDOMLYASSIGNEDTOAPOINTINTHESEARCHSPACE,ASWELLASGIVENARANDOMSTARTINGVELOCITYTHEPARTICLEISTHENFLOWNTHROUGHTHESEARCHSPACEWITHTHEINITIALVELOCITYTHEPARTICLEISTHENEVALUATEDASTOHOWWELLITSOLVESTHEPROBLEMATHANDTHISEVALUATIONISCALLEDTHEPARTICLE’SFITNESSTHISISTHENCOMPAREDTOTHEPARTICLE’SMEMORYOFITSBESTSOLUTIONOFTHEPROBLEM,THEPBESTPOSITIONIFTHENEWESTSOLUTIONISBETTERTHANTHECURRENTPBESTTHECURRENTFITNESSLOWERTHANTHEPBESTFITNESS,THEPBESTPOSITIONISUPDATEDTOTHECURRENTPOSITIONONCEALLTHEPARTICLESHAVEBEENEVALUATEDTHEPBESTWITHTHELOWESTFITNESSISCOMPAREDTOTHEGBESTPOSITIONFITNESSIFTHISPBEST’SVALUEISLOWERTHANTHECURRENTGBESTFITNESSTHENTHEGBESTPOSITIONISUPDATETOTHISPBEST’SLOCATIONTHISGBESTREPRESENTSTHESOCIALASPECTOFTHEALGORITHMAFTERTHESEUPDATESHAVEBEENDONETHEPSOEQUATIONSAREAGAINEVALUATED,ANDTAKETHEFORMSEENIN5AND6ALSO,ANEXAMPLEOFASINGLEPARTICLEUPDATECANBESEENINFIG6WHEREXIDKISTHEITHPARTICLE’SDTHDIMENSIONCURRENTPOSITIONXK1ISTHEITHPARTICLE’SDTHDIMENSIONPOSITIONAFTERTHEPSOUPDATE,ATTHENEXTTIMESTEPVIDKISTHEITHPARTICLE’SDTHDIMENSIONCURRENTVELOCITYVIDK1ISTHEITHPARTICLE’SDTHDIMENSIONVELOCITYATTHENEXTTIMESTEPPIDISTHEPBESTPOSITIONOFITHPARTICLE’SPGDISTHEGROUPSBESTPOSITIONORGBESTFORTHEDTHDIMENSIONWISTHEINERTIAWEIGHTCONSTANTC1ANDC2ARETHECOGNITIVEANDSOCIALACCELERATIONCONSTANTSRESPECTIVELY511221IDIDIDIDGDIDVKWVKCRANDPKXKCRANDPKXK???????511IDIDIDXKXKVK6KVWID?11KXKPRANDCIDID???22KXKPRANDCIDGD???1KVIDFIG6PSOPARTICLEUPDATEPROCESSFORTWODIMENSIONALCASE53